نشریه گردشگری و اوقات فراغت
پیاپی 16 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

In our country, smart tourism has not been paid as much attention as it should be, there is no practical model for it, effective studies have not been conducted on it, and the social media factor has not been taken into account in it. The purpose of this research is to explain the smart tourism model considering the factor of social media. The applied research method in this study is the grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin). For this purpose, through the purposive sampling of the obvious cases selection, the data of 25 participants, including individuals working in governmental and non-governmental organizations and institutions in Hamedan, was collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews, and then the smart tourism model was designed considering the social media factor. Findings of this research show that the correct use of smart tourism considering the social media factor can lead to the development of the country in the shadow of the development engine (tourism), create sustainable employment, boost small and local businesses, develop the international tourism, and increase the income of tourism institutions.

Nowadays in industrial life, peace and leisure in natural environments are tourists attenttion more and more. Also natural places with unique characteristics aim to gain physical and mental health, and enjoy peace with the aim of improving the quality of life. They have been created as a health tourism leisure activity. Wellness tourism is one of the types of health tourism, and it is considered that in recent years, many researches have been conducted in the world's tourist destinations. This research has been conducted with the aim of meta-analysis on the researches that have examined the concept and dimensions of health tourism. Meta-analysis has been carried out in the form of analysis and description on ten articles, all of which are from foreign sources and have studied the concept of wellness tourism. The results of the meta-analysis show that the concept of wellness tourism can be divided into the seven components of nature, food, relaxation, mental dimension, physical dimension, experience and spirituality in the total of the considered researches, and each of the variables related to the concept Components are formed.

With increasing environmental concerns from consumers, governments and communities around the world and organizations have sought to develop environmentally friendly programs such as green service and product development, green behavior and green technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IoT, green shopping intention and green operations on green behavior of employees in the hotel industry (Case study: Hayat Shargh Apartment Hotel). The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this study was all employees of Hayat Shargh Apartment Hotel, whose number is 100 people. The statistical sample was calculated using Morgan table, 80 people and the random sampling method was simple. In order to collect data, Basana et al (2021) questionnaire was used. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, content validity and professors' approval., construct validity, convergent and divergent were used and the reliability of the questionnaires was assessed and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, structural equation modeling methods using PLS software have been used to analyze the data. The results showed that the Internet of Things has a significant effect on green operations and green behavior of employees. The intention to buy green also had a significant effect on green operations and green behavior of employees. But the impact of green operations on staff green behavior was not confirmed.

Today, the tourism police is widespread in most cities and tourist destinations in the world and has had a significant impact on improving tourism services.This study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive and descriptive in terms of its method. The statistical population of this study is all domestic and foreign tourists who entered Qeshm Island in 2019 and were present in tourist places. According to the statistical population, the sample size is estimated 384 people. The sampling method is non-probability or available and the method is quantitative analysis. The results of this study show that the services of tourism police and online collective activities have a direct and positive effect on reducing relative deprivation and improving social security, reducing group anger and desire to travel have a direct and positive relationship with the reduction of perceived relative deprivation. The results of this study indicate that improving social security and services of tourism police has a positive and significant effect on reducing perceived group relative deprivation. Also, the findings showed that reduction of perceived group relative deprivation has an effect on reducing group anger and trust in destination; Therefore, it can be stated that the service of the tourism police prevents owners of destinations and tourist sites from violating or much less doing so and forcing them to enforce the law.

Historical tourism has a significant role in the transmission of culture and allows cities to penetrate a competitive environment. One of the actions used to protect historical contexts is designing walkways in ancient contexts. Evaluation of the quality of pedestrian walkways has great importance in the revival of city centers. Ranking pedestrian walkways in historical contexts can reveal the strengths and weaknesses of different cities in attracting tourists and provide valuable tips for tourism development. The purpose of this research is to compare different experiences in pedestrian walkway design in historical contexts with an emphasis on culture-based tourism and seeks to answer the question of how walkways are ranked based on cultural tourism indicators. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method and with a quantitative approach, has ranked the pedestrian walkways by using the multi-criteria decision-making method of MARCOS, and has weighted the parameters in the subset of function,  accessibility, physical, environmental, comfort and convenience, and social and cultural values factors, by using the best-worst method. The research findings show that the indicators of the number of museums and historical monuments, the plurality of cultural uses, and the number of public arenas available for occurring the activity, are more important than other indicators. Also, the ranking results of the walkways indicate that the Tarbiat walkway of Tabriz won first place with an optimum performance score of 0.729, followed by the Jannat walkway of Mashhad with a score of 0.501, and the 15 Khordad walkway of Tehran with a score of 0.482.

The purpose of this research was to identify the factors affecting the development of sports tourism for the elderly in Iran. In terms of the developmental and fundamental purpose, the current research was a survey-type descriptive research that was carried out in the field. The statistical population consisted of professors, experts in the field of sports tourism, in the qualitative section, 16 people were selected by purposeful sampling, and in the quantitative section, 281 people were selected as samples by simple random sampling. In order to collect data, Delphi research method and questionnaire were used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha above 0.7. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as sample t-test in SPSS version 26 software and hierarchical analysis in Expert Choice version 11 were used. Based on the research results; The components of internal, individual, software, environment, attention to facilities, marketing and management factors were recognized as effective factors on the development of sports tourism for the elderly in Iran. Also, among the components of tourism development, legal-financial, environmental and managerial components were recognized as the most important components in the development of sports tourism for the elderly. The results of the current research emphasize the need to strengthen indicators such as improving the quality of existing infrastructure, private sector investment, establishing a special senior tourism headquarters, advertising, creative plans and services, budget, transportation facilities, scientific needs assessment and using the experiences of successful countries.

Iran is ranked first as the cheapest tourist destination, 10th as world heritage, and the 26th most beautiful country in the world. however, it has attracted only 0.62 percent of tourist arrivals and 0.53 percent of the amount spent by international tourists in 2019. Also, an annual growth of about 30 percent in tourist arrivals is necessary to achieve the goal set in the 7th Development Plan of IRI. For extracting the effective criteria, proposing the structural equation model for tourist attraction, and examining the difference between the existing and the desired states of the identified criteria, a questionnaire was used to collect the opinions of tourists who were on flights leaving Iran after visiting (Convenience sampling). The data obtained from 143 questionnaires was analyzed using the factor analysis method. Ten criteria were identified as a result. Controlling these ten criteria leads to fulfilling 60 percent of tourists' desires. Then, the structural equation model of the relationship between the criteria was designed and fitted using structural equation modeling. Finally, a gap analysis was performed. It was found that there is a significant difference between the desired and the existing states of seven out of ten criteria, and the existing state of these seven criteria is lower than expected (desired) by foreign tourists. With 99 percent confidence, the fitted model shows the direct significant relationship and the strong effect of the identified criteria with/on the selection of Iran as a tourist destination.

The research investigated the impact of native and local games on the leisure time quality and well-being of female elementary students. Employing a quantitative, semi-experimental approach, the study utilized a pre-test/post-test design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population included fifth and sixth-grade students from Setayesh Girls' Primary School in Selmas city) West Azerbaijan province(, with two control and two experimental groups (15 students each). Data collection involved a researcher-designed questionnaire on leisure time quality and the John Travis standard questionnaire. The validity of the leisure time quality questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors, exhibiting a reliability of 0.94. Standard questionnaire reliability stood at 0.83. Over eight weeks, groups participated in native and local games for 45 minutes per week alongside regular physical education classes. Descriptive statistics outlined the current situation, while multivariate covariance analysis, using SPSSV26, tested hypotheses. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in leisure time quality and well-being components for the experimental group (P<0.001). The study concludes that selected native and local games positively impact elementary school girls' leisure time and well-being. Recommendations include implementing these games to enhance students' overall health and well-being.

As a cultural-artistic product, cinema plays a significant role in creating culture and filling the free time of people in society. The main problem of the research is to identify the contact points of the 5 stages (awareness, attraction, question, action, and support) affecting the customers' trip to the cinema, which can be effective in predicting the return rate of moviegoers. In the first step, using the content analysis method, 27 points were extracted as the contact points of moviegoers and placed in the 5A framework, and a research questionnaire was designed, the reliability and validity of which were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. In the second step, the artificial neural network model was used to predict the return rate of moviegoers. For this purpose, 450 questionnaires were randomly distributed among adult moviegoers in Gorgan city, of which 421 questionnaires were found to be usable. The application of neural networks showed that by using the identified contact points based on the 5A framework in the customer journey, the return rate of moviegoers can be predicted with an accuracy of 0.921. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the five stages of awareness (virtual advertisements), attraction (film advertising banner), question (opinions of other participants), action (type of personnel treatment), and support (repurchase) as the best predictors of consumer behavior. The results showed that the journey map of moviegoers is complex, highly sensitive, spiral, and continuous, where different touch points are touched by customers, which can affect their return rate.

Urban spaces are organized areas. Meanwhile, the old district of Isfahan, designated as a tourist area, exudes a distinctive atmosphere. The current research aims to analyze the production of urban space using Lefebvre's conceptual model, examining the impact of virtual networks and incorporating ethnography. The research seeks to investigate changes and trends in city space production in response to the proliferation of tourism and the influence of virtual space. It aligns Lefebvre's three dimensions of space production with virtual space, aiming to enhance the understanding of space production in theoretical frameworks. To gather research data, the primary researcher resided in Isfahan for ten months, employing the ethnographic method. Data collection involved participatory observation, and analysis was conducted using the triple coding system. The findings indicate that emerging spatial factors, such as reliance on online information, evolving attitudes towards travel, and shifts in economic and cultural rationale through platforms like Instagram, have altered the logic of space production in Isfahan's old district, steering it towards commercialization. A new logic, shaped by online interactions and a selective interpretation of space, has taken root.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between managers' financial behavior and the financial performance of tourism industry enterprises. Specifically, the influencing variables and criteria were identified through the use of library studies, and the variables were identified for the initial model design based on the opinions of nine experts. Next, the variables were stratified using the structural-interpretive modeling approach, and the partial least squares method was used by SMART-PLS3 software to statistically verify and validate the structural interpretive model. The sampling method used in this article is theoretical saturation and snow. The study's findings suggest that financial behavior and attitude can both enhance the financial performance of tourism businesses and managers, and that financial behavior can also have a positive impact on performance. The finances of intermediary companies can also be impacted by financial behavior and attitude. As a result, tourism managers should work to improve their financial behavior and financial literacy in order to be successful in both financial planning and financial performance.

Tourism as a service sector and a branch of sustainable development, has the potential to empower communities. Empowerment is specific to vulnerable groups in society who are socially excluded. Development theorists consider empowerment as an effective strategy in reducing gender inequalities in capacities, access to resources and opportunities, and the way to sustainable development. Tourism development can play an important role in empowering women by increasing the power of women and their control over resources. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of community-oriented tourism in the economic, social and cultural empowerment of women in the villages of Isfahan province. In this regard, in the present applied research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, the empowerment status of rural women was measured by collecting data. The statistical population of rural women of Isfahan province is N = 317163. The number of samples was selected based on Cochran's formula of 384 people and then their analysis was done with inferential tests (chi-square, one-sample t-test, path analysis). was done. The obtained results showed that according to the obtained average of 3/42, it can be said that the state of empowerment is at a satisfactory level. Meanwhile, the average of the economic dimension with an average of 38 The social dimension was calculated with an average of 3/45, cultural factors were calculated as 3/43. The theoretical perspective of the research and the results of the statistical analysis used in this research showed that the development of tourism in the economic, social and then cultural empowerment of women in the villages of Isfahan province.