نشریه زن در توسعه و سیاست
سال بیست و یکم شماره 4 (زمستان 1402)

The purpose of this research is to present a model to explain the ways to reduce gender inequality in Iran's sports management. Philosophically, this research is interpretationist and from the point of view of inductive approach. In terms of strategy, this study is a data base theory type and a qualitative research type. The data was obtained through interviews, and the statistical community consists of 15 experts in the field of sports management. The snowball method was used for sampling and the sampling continued until the theoretical saturation limit was reached. To collect information, a semi-structured interview was used, and in order to analyze the data, three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding and theoretical coding were used. By considering the text of all the interviews in the open coding stage, 303 concepts were identified, and after combining similar codes, 23 concepts were obtained. Then, in the axial coding phase, ten main categories were determined. The results showed that the selection criteria for management positions in sports organizations are not fair due to cultural and individual reasons. It is suggested that the selection criteria be such that both hierarchy is considered and starting from the middle level; As a result, the laws should be adjusted in such a way that the presence of women in social and cultural fields, including sports activities, becomes more prominent and the selection of women is based on meritocracy and specialization.

The issue of women's political participation in developing countries is a complex phenomenon and is related to the dynamics and development of political systems. The purpose of this research is to understand and analyze the situation of women's political participation, which was done with qualitative methodology and Grounded theory method. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with seventeen women living in Tehran who were selected by purposeful sampling and a combination of snowball strategies and maximum changes. After data analysis, 85 primary codes, seven core categories, and one core category were extracted through the data coding system: Causal conditions (economic issues and challenges, egalitarian governance), background conditions (unequal political structure and patriarchal challenges), intervening conditions (personal-spiritual factors), strategies (merits and creating a platform for prosperity), and consequences (active political activism of women and rejection of passivity) political). Also, "women's political participation; Meaningful and multifaceted action" was counted as the core category and finally the paradigm model extracted from the data was established. The findings indicate that women are active actors and activists in political participation and take actions based on political issues; An action of the type of participation that identifies the obstacles and facilitating factors can open the way for their active political participation as effective citizens in the field of politics.

Suicide is one of the oldest phenomena of human societies, and since it must be studied and understood within the framework of social psychology of each society and its sub-communities, so far an important part of social studies of suicide has been focused on suicide in nomadic and rural areas. For several years, the significant number of suicides and especially women's self-immolations in the Dishmuk region of Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad provinces has been widely reflected in the media. This research sought to study and investigate suicide in this rural-nomadic area by using the qualitative method of phenomenology in Georgi's style and using semi-structured interviews. The research sample is purposeful and consists of people who have had an unsuccessful suicide or one of their relatives has committed suicide leading to death. In understanding the interviewees' perceptions of the causes and contexts of suicide attempts in this region, the researchers divided them into five main categories: 1) lack of knowledge and life management skills; 2) lack of satisfaction with private life; 3) reaching a feeling of dead end and getting stuck in social life; and 5) the personal aspects and the superficiality of some religious beliefs have been reached, each of which has been separated into more detailed concepts in the findings section and documented with quotes from the interviewees. Finally, these categories are compared with some of the theoretical literature on suicide, and the authors provide suggestions for suicide prevention.

The purpose of the current research is to review and analyze the qualitative studies conducted in the field of abused women. In this regard, all scientific-research articles with the keyword "poor-Supported women" in the time period of 2005 to 2000 were extracted from the academic-scientific database of Jihad University and the Normagz document database. In the following, 34 articles were selected for data extraction and further investigation and were studied by documentary, library and meta-analysis methods. Based on the findings of the current research, the studies conducted in this field include two main orientations of psychology and sociology; So that other aspects of the life of this group of women, including economic and political, are examined under these two categories. A group of these studies analyzed theoretically and presented models to identify the problems of poor-Supported women in order to reduce their problems using intervention methods, and another group focused on strengthening the morale and creating a positive image in poor-Supported women through increasing positive views from an empirical point of view. The findings of this study in two aspects of psychology and sociology show that these women need psychological, social and economic support and empowering them in the mentioned dimensions will improve their quality of life and reduce their social suffering. Based on the theoretical achievements of this research, it seems that the policy makers should revise the laws and social rulings related to these women based on a comprehensive definition of abused women.

In today's world, where various scientific researches, particularly in the field of entrepreneurship, are taking place at a high rate, a meaningful engagement with observable, tangible, and practical outcomes for solving human challenges is challenging. One of these areas is the cultural approach to entrepreneurship, which, as a specific goal, can influence the development of social entrepreneurship among women through other variables. However, due to the multitude of studies, the researcher derives their findings scientifically from the results of these researches. Additionally, considering the broad field of cultural entrepreneurship studies, namely women's entrepreneurship, the researcher systematically analyzes and reviews the quantitative research of other researchers in a comprehensive manner using CMA2 software. Based on this model, the total number of relevant articles searched on this topic from 2010 to 2021 is 1547 articles. Out of this number, 305 articles were selected, and following the standard protocol, 17 articles were included in the analysis basket. This analysis basket has been transformed into comparable and aggregable values, with effect size being a crucial measure in interpreting the results. The results indicate a positive and significant impact of cultural attitudes on the development of women's social entrepreneurship, and the effect size is perceived as a strong influence according to Cohen's interpretation. Ultimately, the results of this research can be utilized in the field of entrepreneurial businesses and sociology.

Rural women's employment can be one of the ways to generate income, reduce the pressure on resources, and as a result, rural development. Meanwhile, the cooperative sector can play a significant role in the employment of rural women. But a vital issue that is important in this regard is the factors that influence the decision and intention of rural women who are members of local micro funds to start investing and working in cooperatives. In this regard, this research was designed to investigate factors affecting the behavioral intention of rural women members of Lorestan Province Micro Credit Funds towards self-employment in Cooperatives. The statistical population consisted of all rural women members of Lorestan Province Micro Credit Funds (N= 1087) who sampling of multistage quota proportional to the sample size through Krejcie and Morgan sampling table resulted in to select of 307 samples. Data collection in this study was conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire. After preparing the questionnaire and confirming its validity by the experts panel, its reliability was confirmed through a pilot study by calculating Cronbach's alpha values for the variables investigated. Structural equation modeling was used to determine factors influencing rural women's intention to self-employment in cooperatives through AMOS24. The results revealed that the interests variable has the highest direct impact on rural women's intention to self-employment in cooperatives and self-efficacy has the highest indirect influence on rural women's intention to self-employment in cooperatives.

Analyzing the relationship between gender and space elucidates the roles and needs of both men and women, particularly in urban spaces. This analysis aids in understanding how the constructive roles of women contribute to the production and reproduction of desirable social relations in urban spaces. The presence of women in public and urban spaces not only reflects but also narrates the desirable relationships within a society. The primary objective of this research is to identify the dimensions and components that influence the formation of desirable urban spaces for women using the meta-analysis method. The searches were conducted manually, focusing on the keywords "urban spaces, women." For sub-keywords, the terms "park, public space, single-gender spaces" replaced the first keyword. The study period spans from 2016 to 2022 in Persian sources and from 2016 to 2022 in English sources. SPSS software was employed to conduct meta-analysis tests, resulting in the production of forest, bubble, heterogeneity, and funnel (diffusion bias) diagrams. VOSviewer software was used to assess scientific databases for content production in this field. The results indicate that the main dimensions of the research encompass physical and functional dimensions, structural and spatial dimensions, individual and personality dimensions, and cultural and social dimensions in the design of urban spaces. The position of research in the field of urban space design for women holds significance in the global research literature.

This qualitative research attempts to study the lived experiences of elderly women living in nursing houses of Khorramabad city in the field of social exclusion. To do this, we have used grounded theory to analyze the causal conditions, intervening conditions and consequences of elderly women’s lived experiences of social exclusion. The subjects were selected through purposeful sampling from the residents of Haj Seddique and Farzanegan nursing house. The data were gathered by way of deep semi-structured interview. The findings show that the causal conditions of social exclusions are: women’s lack of independent economic status (lack of financial support and loss of ability to work), decline of traditional solidarity in the family (decline of mothers’ authority, generational gap, the growth of individualism) and the transformation of lifestyles (transformation of home’s equipment, semantic change of family labor and the domination of gender bias). These are activated through some intervening conditions such as: extreme pessimism and feeling of loneliness. The first one is characterized by mistrust in society and internal vulnerability; and the second factor can be observed in nostalgia for a golden past and the feeling of being forgotten. It is in this way that they feel that they are dis-embedded from the life-world and thrown into the way of gradual death. So, they represent some symptoms such as silence/ aggressiveness, feeling of rootlessness and self-illness. Or, they believe in extreme fatalism and dying experiences.

Despite significant progress in promoting gender justice in the workplace, gender dynamics further affect women's career opportunities and advancement. This article highlights coaching strategies to help female clients navigate these dynamics and advance their careers. Drawing on research and best practices, this article builds on the recognition and understanding of gender differences while avoiding harmful stereotypes. In this research, women identified studies related to the areas of coaching strategies in the workplace by using the methods of review systems and by searching in databases and specifying indicators to get the opinion of the input researches, we analyzed the data using a narrative synthesis. The studies included in this review used different coaching interventions, including one-on-one coaching, group coaching, and mentoring programs. Several studies have focused on the impact of mentoring on gender-based biases, including perceptions of women in leadership positions and the impact of mentoring on men's attitudes toward female leaders. This systematic literature review highlights the effectiveness of coaching in addressing gender-based biases, identifying and overcoming barriers to advancement, and developing effective communication and leadership skills for women in the workplace. In this paper, we conclude that while progress toward gender equity remains a struggle, mentoring can play a critical role in helping women reach their full potential in the workplace.

Today, sports has become an important issue in society and its role in women's society is undeniable. The emphasis of sociologists, psychologists, doctors, etc. is on women to do sports because women are the main pillar of society and family, and a healthy family is one whose mother is healthy. In different societies, creating suitable grounds for women's sports is considered an important and national issue, and the presence or absence of women in sports activities is considered a global indicator of the social status of women in society. One of the most important aspects of women's sports is championship sports, and promoting this aspect of sports can lead to the development and promotion of society. In fact, the importance of the development of championship sports in the general sense and the development of women's sports in a specific sense due to the high capacity of earning medals and creating social vitality in women reveals the necessity of conducting such a study. In addition, it seems very necessary to set goals to examine the status of women in North Khorasan province in championship sports and provide strategies and solutions to overcome the obstacles and challenges ahead. North Khorasan province has a high capacity to introduce champion female athletes to the country due to the diverse cultural and climatic conditions on the one hand and the youngness of the administrative structure of the province on the other hand. Therefore, considering the importance of strategic planning in the development of championship sports, the need to pay attention to this importance in the development of women's championship sports in North Khorasan province seems more necessary than ever. A suitable solution is to prepare a strategic plan for women's championship sports in the province, which will reach its proper position with the realization of this and the development of championship sports.The current research is descriptive-survey in terms of research method, applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, it is mixed (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population includes managers, deputies and experts (sport and youth general directorates of North Khorasan province, sport and youth office in Bojnord county, sports committees and clubs in North Khorasan province), the university professors in the field of sports science, coaches and female champion athletes of North Khorasan province. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included 14 people from the statistical community. The sampling method in this section was purposeful and based on expertise, experience, and knowledge of women's championship sports in North Khorasan province. The statistical sample in the quantitative section included 23 people who were selected purposefully. The data collection tool in the qualitative phase was a semi-guided exploratory interview as well as a SWAT analysis session with a group of members of the statistical sample of the research to identify variables and complete the questions and questions resulting from library studies. In the current research, descriptive methods were used to examine demographic variables and a framework called comprehensive framework for developing a model strategy (SWOT) was used to obtain strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Finally, the ANP method and Super Decisions software were used to prioritize strategies.The findings of the research in the development of women's championship sports showed 9 strengths, 16 weaknesses, 11 opportunities and 13 threats. According to the total score of strategies formulated in this section, it can be stated that the competitive strategic position is the dominant strategy in this section. The most important strategies obtained in the research include the compilation of guidance and support programs in the path of growth of female athletes from beginner to advanced, Strengthening and investing in active and medal-winning sports for women in the province, and Special attention paid to holding appropriate and regular training camps throughout the year, sending women to national competitions, holding joint camps with champions from other provinces, and providing proper supplies and support to the teams. It is appropriate for the officials and guardians of sports in the province to pay special attention to the strategies obtained from this research for the development of women's championship sports in the province.