فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال نهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1402)

One of the areas of policy-making that, like other areas of policy-making, requires efforts to adopt a policy based on evidence and science, is policy-making in the field of higher education. The purpose of this research is to present a model of policy impact assessment in Iran's higher education.

Grounded theory method is used in this article. In this research, the theoretical foundations and existing backgrounds in internal and external dimensions were examined through in-depth study. The statistical population of the research was selected from the policy makers of the higher education system, experts, managers and officials in the field of higher education and experts in the field of policy making in higher education. In this section, until theoretical saturation was reached, chain or snowball type targeted sampling was used. In this way, 12 interviews were conducted.

The findings of the research showed that based on the findings of the research, goal setting, research and education as causal conditions through the final effect of policy in higher education on the strategic categories of competitive advantage, formulation and implementation of policy, quality of policy and practice, resource management , communication and coordination, strategy, transparency and accountability and effective models, and taking into account the environmental and interventionist categories, it leads to the consequences of speed of action, performance of development and growth, effectiveness, change and transformation and social impact.

Paying attention to the effect of politics in higher education helps policy makers and administrators in the implementation of policies. Reviewing the policies and redesigning the country's higher education programs is in line with the rapid changes and developments of science and technology and is one of the proposals that can solve the aforementioned challenges, solve the relevant crises, existing requirements and adopt new initiatives. Higher education should be included in the order of reviewing the country's governance and policy-making system.

Climate change is one of the challenges that threaten human life on the planet, and the EU member states are not exempt from this. The current research aims to answer the question, how has the European Union's policy been to solve the challenge of conflict of interests in the issue of climate change? In response, this hypothesis can be proposed that the European Union has adopted an institutional approach to deal with climate change, based on which policy-making institutions have adopted ambitious policies, considering the risks of climate change and the differences between member states simultaneously. Legislators have provided the necessary legal framework and managed the conflict of interests caused by climate change by trying to balance economic and environmental interests with the support of policymakers. Multi-level governance theory has been used to examine the hypothesis and the intrinsic case studies method is used for its test. The result of this research shows that the European Union has dealt with climate change by creating coordination between different member states and considering the economic conditions of weaker countries.

Due to the advancement of information and communication technologies, educational policy makers have been encouraged to formulate a policy model for the development of e-learning. The Islamic Republic of Iran also needs to design a suitable policy model in this field. In this research, first of all, the theoretical literature of policy design was examined using the content analysis method, and the elements of policy design with a technical orientation were extracted. Then, through analytical and comparative studies, the initial research model was presented. The data collection tool of the theoretical sections is the documentary and library method. The validation of the obtained components was done through a semi-structured interview with experts in the field of e-learning in the Supreme Council of Education and the General Directorate of Education of Isfahan province and was approved by the experts. The data of this stage of the research was collected by the qualitative coding method of Strauss and Corbin and the obtained information was classified into 4 concepts (knowing the existing situation, providing technological infrastructure, executive management, and creating an e-learning environment). Finally, a policy model was presented.

This article focuses on the experience of the Chinese government in using digital technologies to collect and analyze data related to its citizens to demonstrate the effects of using these technologies in governance. The article shows that over the past two decades, the Chinese government has created a mass surveillance system by combining several digital technology-based programs, whose primary function is to collect and analyze massive amounts of data related to the visible and hidden activities of Chinese citizens in various areas of their lives. This mega program aims to create the basis for intelligent governance based on accurate data from citizens. In the discussion of the consequences of this mass surveillance system, the article emphasizes two categories of positive and negative effects resulting from implementing this plan. The positive side provides a basis for designing specific policies and efficient implementation in various areas of governance. On the other hand, it lays the groundwork for realizing a mechanism for the intelligent suppression of citizens that gives unprecedented dimensions to communist authoritarianism. The article emphasizes that these two positive and negative sides are intertwined and inseparable from each other.

The exhaustibility of fossil energy sources, particularly oil and natural gas, has led to search about when these reservoirs will be depleted or when the maximum extraction from the resources will occur. In this paper, the evolution of the concept of oil peak has been analyzed. The time of Iran's oil peak will be investigated using three scenarios based on King Hubert's theory. Also, other factors such as technology, energy transition, climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic are examined as complementary topics. The results of this research show Iran's oil peak will occur in the next two to three decades. Concerning concepts such as the transition to renewable energies around the world, Iran's opportunities to make decisions and take actions are very limited. Finally, some policy recommendations based on the various aspects of the oil peak have been discussed in order to better encounter Iran's oil peak.

In the years after the military occupation by America, Iraq has faced signs of crisis, security instability and chaos. The main challenge of the Iraq’s government can be considered the use of democratic government building mechanisms. Any democratic government formation in Iraq can have an impact on the country's security policy. Based on such an idea, the process and nature of the government's policy-making in Iraq has a decisive role in political decision-making and its structural formation. State building will be the main axis of political and structural decision making in Iraq. Any political development in Iraq will be directly related to the type of political structure of the country. Iraq's social, economic and strategic policy-making will not have much meaning without considering the nature of the government. It is for this reason that the construction of the government will have a direct relationship with the pattern of its political behavior. Democratic state building can be explained based on different approaches. The main question of the article is that "security and strategic politics of Iraq are achieved under the influence of what factors?" The hypothesis of the article refers to the fact that "the political structure of the Iraq’s government will have a direct relationship with the country's social, economic and security policies." In the preparation of the article, the "theory of structural state building in chaotic countries" is used. The explanation of the article is based on the method of data analysis and content analysis.

This study seeks to explain the effect of corruption on innovation in current scientific sources and conceptualizes the components and aspects of the effects of corruption on innovation for future research in this field.In this research, a meta-Synthesis method with qualitative content analysis strategy was used in the research-documentary framework, and by applying systematic review and qualitative meta-Synthesis approach, the results and findings of previous researchers were analyzed, and a conceptual model of the effects of corruption on innovation was presented.Based on the coding, the effective factors in the direction of the effects of corruption on innovation were analyzed and categorized into 44 main categories and 2 core codes. The positive consequences of corruption on innovation include 23 factors and its negative consequences include 21 factors. The results show that corruption in countries affects innovation and economic growth. The direction of these effects is sometimes positive and negative, but in the long run, this effect is negative.

One of the important target groups in social policy is older adults, and one of the important welfare domains for the social policy of ageing is the social assistance system. Each country has different social policies for older adults according to its welfare system. The current research is a review and comparative study. The sources of the studied data are OECD and ISSA reports. The method of selecting countries was targeted and based on the characteristics of welfare systems. The findings show that the experience of the ageing population has set the stage for convergence in the social policies of ageing, and countries have engaged in social policies of ageing regardless of their welfare ideology. In addition, the review of the experience of these countries shows that paying attention to the gender of older persons, different age groups (young-old, and old-old), marital status, individual and family income status (means test), family composition, and the health status or disability of older persons are very important in the social policy of ageing. Also, considering the role of public income transfers in reducing the poverty among older adults, it is recommended to increase the share and role of the government in the affairs of the elderly. Finally, improving the adequacy of social assistance for older persons will be very effective in improving the welfare and quality of life among older adults and preventing poverty.

This research intended to obtain a model of factors affecting the formation of general policies for road transportation safety with the help of research conducted in the field of road transportation safety. The type of qualitative research and systematic literature review method. In this regard, 105 articles that had the required validity and quality were deeply examined and based on the open coding method, 350 components were extracted in the form of 114 codes under 27 subcategories (structure) and 6 main categories. The analysis of the findings showed that among these categories, the category of "road safety management" received the most mentions among the reviewed sources, followed by the categories of "safer users" and "safety financial provision". , "Safer road", "Response after an accident", "Safer vehicles" are placed.

Educational inequality is one of the most pressing issues of our time, leading to differences in opportunities, resources, and outcomes for certain groups of students compared to others. The main question of the current research is that what policies have been developed in Iran during the six development programs after the revolution to develop equal educational opportunities and reduce educational inequality? By using the systematic review method, educational policies were examined from the perspective of 6 principles related to the legislative framework (prioritization, strategy selection, implementation solutions, specific implementation, having indicators and evaluation capability, appropriate implementation guarantee) and the results showed that in developing development plans The legislator paid limited attention to the priorities and despite the fact that in most of the articles and notes there is an approach to achieve the set goals, but the solutions are very general or no solutions are provided, the main executor of the government's decrees and the executive organizations had a lesser role, also in none of the programs. A specific executive guarantee for accountability was not specified from the point of view of the law.