نشریه مطالعاتی در مدیریت بانکی و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 24 (پاییز 1402)

The unfortunate consequences of recent financial crises on the world economy necessitated the implementation of policies to protect financial systems from external shocks. Considering the negative effects caused by the bankruptcy of banks, especially large banks, a mechanism called the bank resolution system was defined to restore the bank to health before it is considered bankrupt. In this regard, the deposit guarantee system, as one of the pillars of the financial safety network, can provide an opportunity to create laws and executive activities in order to quickly resolve them, while preventing bank raids in the conditions of banks' incapacity and crisis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the role and position of the deposit guarantee system in the process of resolving the banking system. After the theoretical review and analysis, in order to understand the role of the deposit guarantee system in the resolution process of the banking system at the world level, statistical and experimental facts were discussed using world statistics. This research provides a better understanding of the importance of the banking resolution system and the role of the deposit guarantee system at the world level and, accordingly, its application in the country's banking system.

The health of the banking system is extremely important for maintaining the stability of a society's economy, the monetary system, the interests of depositors, and public trust in the entire banking network. In addition, since a healthy and stable banking system can better resist shocks and play a stronger role in the stability of the financial system, it is necessary to identify effective variables and components and determine how they affect the recovery and restoration of the financial health of banks. Several factors affect the financial health of banks. Some of these factors are internal and under the control of the bank management, and based on their specific impact on the health of the bank, they can be considered positive or negative. With respect to this fact, in this study, the internal bank factors affecting the recovery and restoration of the financial health of some selected private banks in the Islamic Republic of Iran during the period of 2011-2021 were investigated using the panel data method and fixed effects. The results indicated that corporate governance, liquidity, age of the bank, and business model have a significant positive effect on the banking health index. On the other hand, bank size, financial leverage, interest-free assets, and financial risk have a significant negative effect on the banking health index.

Part of human behavior is the result of interaction with society. A considerable number of human emotions, states, and moods are the result of interaction with the environment and society, referred to as social temperament. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of liquidity, volume, and market performance on collective behavior. To this aim, according to the type of data and available analysis methods, the time series data analysis method was used. Since this quantitative study was conducted with the aim of testing hypotheses, it can be deemed to be practical in terms of its purpose. Moreover, due to the fact that the dependent variable changes were predicted according to the independent variables changes, this research was of the correlation-regression analysis type. In all statistical techniques, Avios 12 and Excel software were used. The statistical population included the Tehran Stock Exchange. The time frame of the research included six consecutive years from 2016 to 2021, and the investigation of research hypotheses was done using the real data of these years. To test the hypotheses and determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables, econometric models were used and the relevant hypotheses were investigated using the time series multivariate regression method. The results revealed that the performance of the stock market had a positive and significant effect on the collective behavior of investors, whereas the liquidity and volume of stock market transactions did not have a significant effect on the collective behavior of investors.

The purpose of this research study is to predict the default probability of automobile and food industries in the corporate banking portfolio of banks, (not) considering the correlation of default. In this study, 30 companies from the automobile industry and 30 companies from the food industry whose stock market information is available were randomly selected. The market information of these companies was used daily from August 1, 2018 to August 31, 2019 for modeling purposes. The modeling of default probability of companies was done based on estimation of asset value, asset volatility, and drift rate. Multivariable GARCH (MGARCH) model was used to estimate the parameters of CAPM model, which is necessary to predict the drift rate. Through calculating the average default probability of companies in each industry, the probability of default of that industry (without considering the correlation of default) was obtained. Also, the asset value approach was used to calculate the default probability of each industry by considering the default correlation. In the asset value approach, maximum likelihood method was used to estimate default correlation parameters. The results showed that the prediction of the probability of default of the selected industries by considering the correlation of default is more consistent with the actual default.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of perceived injustice and interpersonal conflict on the intention to leave the organization and alienation from work with the mediating role of pessimism of employees in branches of Ayandeh Bank in Mashhad. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is of a descriptive-survey type in terms of nature. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire, which was checked for validity and reliability after translation and localization. The statistical population of the research was composed of 370 employees of the bank, and the number of the statistical sample was determined to be 189 people based on the Cochran formula. Non-probability sampling method was employed in this research study. Structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software were used to examine the hypotheses. According to the results of the research, perceived injustice has a significant effect on alienation from work and pessimism of employees. Interpersonal conflict has an effect on the intention to leave the organization, but it does not have a significant effect on the pessimism of employees. While employee pessimism affects the intention to leave the organization, its effect on job alienation was not confirmed. Furthermore, the mediating role of employees' pessimism was not confirmed.

The existential philosophy of the National Development Fund, based on the approved statute, is to convert a part of the revenues from the sale of oil and gas, gas condensates, and petroleum products into lasting, productive wealth and economic generative capitals, as well as preserving the share of future generations from these national resources. This important responsibility of the Fund has been increased in the last decade because of the imposition of sanctions by the United Nations Security Council, credit crunch, freezing of bank assets, and the increasing limitations of investable resources in the country. And any effective review and action that can increase these limited resources towards valuable investment is of vital importance in securing national and intergenerational benefits in the short and long term. This study, adopting a descriptive-analytical method of the statistical population of macroeconomic variables of the country and the performance of the National Development Fund in the last decade, seeks to introduce a suitable method for fund investment with the aim of realizing real investment and maximizing national benefits. The results of this research show that the resources of the National Development Fund have faced a fundamental challenge with inappropriate policies in the form of depositing in banks and neglecting the main mission of the fund in intergenerational wealth creation. By taking advantage of the legal partnership contract, the National Development Fund can have the highest benefits by creating wealth in the national and international arenas, especially in the country's breakthrough projects, while realizing real partnership with its partners and protecting people's rights, a subject that has been examined in different parts of the present article and for which an operational model has been presented.