نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال دوازدهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 92، بهمن 1402)

This study aimed to investigate the difference between the psychological symptoms of nurses working in the COVID-19 wards and other wards and the relationship between these psychological symptoms and their organizational well-being. Causal-comparative (post-event) and descriptive research method was used. The statistical population included all nurses working in different wards from October 2019 to March 2020 (70 nurses in COVID-19 and 70 nurses in non-COVID-19 wards) of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol, Iran. Symptoms Clinical List-Revised (SCL-90) (Drogatis et al., 1973) and the Organizational Well-Being Scale (Zheng et al., 2015) were used to collect data. Multivariate and univariate variance and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted for statistical analysis. The findings indicate a significant difference between the two groups of nurses working in the Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 wards regarding hostility (Ƞ2=0.08, p<0.05, F = 0.057) and paranoid ideation (Ƞ2=0.049, p<0.05, F = 0.049). Also, among the nurses working in the covid-19 wards, the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity (r=0.348), depression (r=0.546), anxiety (r=0.353), hostility (r =-0.351), phobic anxiety (r=0.334), paranoid ideation (r=0.303) and psychoticism (r=0.397) are inverse and significant with organizational well-being. In conclusion, the score of aggression and paranoid ideation was significantly higher in nurses working in COVID-19 wards than in nurses working in other wards, and there is a relationship between psychological symptoms and organizational well-being among nurses working in COVID-19 wards.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of schema modes in the relationship between childhood trauma and marital conflicts of people with psychopathology symptoms. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included people who were referred to psychological counseling centers in Tehran in the second half (second six months) of 2022 due to marital conflicts. Several 310 people were selected as a sample using the convenience sampling method. The research tools include the Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90 -R) by Derogatis et al. (1995), the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) by Young et al. (2007), Marital Conflict Questionnaire–Revised (MCQ-R) Sanai (2007) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) by Bernstein et al. (2003). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed that the sub-scales of childhood adversities do not have a significant direct effect on marital conflicts (P<0.05). Still, apart from sexual abuse, four other sub-scales (emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) have a significant indirect effect on marital conflict through the mediation of schema modes (P<0.05). These results show that schema modes, considering the role of childhood trauma, can explain the marital conflicts of people with symptoms of psychopathology.

This research was conducted to investigate the role of social anhedonia in predicting internet addiction with the moderating role of personality traits of extraversion and introversion in students. The present research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of the study was Shiraz University students in the academic year 2021-2022, from whom 340 people were selected by the available sampling method. The research questionnaires included Yang’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT, 1998), the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale  (ACIPS, 2011), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ, 1985). The relationships between variables were tested by linear regression analysis and the research model was tested by structural equation modeling technique. The results showed that social anhedonia could explain 19% of the variance of internet addiction in students. The results of structural equation modeling also showed that extraversion and introversion personality traits had a moderating role in the relationship between social anhedonia and internet addiction (p<0.01). Finally, these results showed that social anhedonia can predict internet addiction in students, and extraversion and introversion personality traits play a moderating role in the relationship between these two variables.

The present study aims to predict COVID-19 anxiety based on irrational health beliefs, health locus of control, and health anxiety. The research is descriptive-correlative. It draws upon the fundamental methodology. The statistical population of the present study includes all female students of Orovince of Guilan's universities during the first half of the academic year of 2021-2022. Based on convenience sampling, 406 students participated through an online invitation. Data was gathered by using Covid-19 anxiety questionnaires (CAQ, Alipour et al, 1398) (1398)., irrational health beliefs (IHB, Christiansen and Warwick,1999), health locus of control (HLC, Wallston et al, 1978), and the revised edition of the health anxiety questionnaire (HAQ, Salicoskis et al, 2002). The data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation and Multivariate Regression in the SPSS-21 software package. Findings suggest a significant and positive relation between COVID-19 anxiety, health anxiety, and health locus of control. The Regression results demonstrate that 25 percent of COVID-19 anxiety changes were predicted significantly by health anxiety and health locus of control. Therefore, by identifying the influencing factors of Covid-19 anxiety, effective measures, and planning can be undertaken to mitigate Covid-19 anxiety and an individual's adaptiveness.

In diabetes, stress lack of adherence to therapy, and poor self-care can worsen the condition of the affected people. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of stress management methods based on cognitive behavioral approach and self-care training and the combination of both on health status in people with type 2 diabetes. The present study is a randomized four-group double-blind clinical trial. The research sample included 60 people with type 2 diabetes selected purposefully among the members of the Diabetes Association and Private offices in Kerman City. The participants, after matching in terms of age and gender, were randomly replaced into 4 groups of 15 people (group 1: stress management based on cognitive-behavioral therapy, group 2: self-care training, group 3: stress management based on cognitive-behavioral therapy + self-care training, the control group: without any intervention) and the experimental groups received the relevant interventions in 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up of the members of all 4 groups were performed by health status questionnaire from the World Health Organization. According to the results of the SPANOVA analysis, the mean scores of health status in the post-test and follow-up phases were increased compared to the pre-test phase and the occurred increase remained stable until the follow-up phase. Conclusion According to the findings of the study, the combination of medical and psychological interventions is necessary to improve the health status and stability of the obtained results.

The current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the selected movement program on the executive function and motor function of children with developmental coordination disorder. The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all male students of 7-9 years old in normal schools of District 22 of Tehran in 2022 who had been diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder. Of these, 28 people were selected in an available manner and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The research tools included the Second Edition of the Children's Movement Assessment Test (MABC-2) by Henderson (2007), the Neuropsychological Questionnaire (CNQ) by Connors (2004), and the Neuropsychological Test (Nepsy) by Corkman et al. (1998). Finally, multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the post-test of the experimental group and the control group in the neurocognitive functions of attention, agility (placing pins and drawing a maze), aiming (throwing sandbags and receiving and throwing) and balance (way heel-toe walk, static and balance (p<0.05). No significant change was observed in the reaction time test and manual dexterity subtest (threading) (p>0.05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that the physical training program improves neuropsychological indicators and motor performance of children with developmental coordination disorder.

The aim of this study was to the feasibility of a perfectionism management program on the general health and perfectionism of gifted school students. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental based on experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study included all students studying in gifted girls' schools in the city of Roodehen in the academic year 2019-2021 30 people were selected by purposive sampling. The instrument used in this study was the General Health (GHQ-28) (Goldberg, 1972) and Perfectionism Inventory (PI) (Hill et al, 2004). The obtained data were analyzed using the covariance method and SPSS23 software. The results of the research showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the post-test average of general health and perfectionism in the two experimental and control groups. The results show that for gifted students, using educational approaches based on perfectionism, general health, and perfectionism can be directed in a positive direction.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion‐focused therapy and emotionally-focused couple therapy on self-injury among women with domestic violence. This research was a semi-experimental type of research with a pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up period with a control group. Based on this, 60 women with domestic violence referred to the welfare of Tehran city in 2022 were purposeful sampling selected and randomly assigned to groups (20 women in each group). To collect information, an inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS) by Klonsky and Glenn (2009) was used and The research data was analyzed by mixed variance analysis (with repeated measurements). The results showed that in the post-test, there was a significant difference in self-injury between the two interventions (P<0.05). On the other hand, a statistically significant difference was reported between two interventions with the control group (P<0.05). In other words, both methods have an effect on reducing self-injury and these two interventions significantly differ in effectiveness on this variable in women; These results were also seen in the follow-up of both interventions (P<0.05).  It is concluded that both two interventions were able to reduce self-injury, But emotionally focused couple therapy was more effective in reducing self-injury; Therefore, emotionally focused couple therapy can be used in the treatment of women with domestic violence.

The present research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of inner peace training and reality therapy on psychological capital in the winter of 1400. This research was part of the quasi-experimental designs with pre-test, post-test, and control group and two-month follow-up. The statistical population included: all married women who were referred toAbuzar health centers in Tehran, 45 people were selected using the voluntary targeted sampling method, 15 people were randomly assigned to the inner peace group, 15 people to the reality therapy group, and 15 people to the control group. A psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans, PCQ, 2007) was used to collect data. Both groups received Glasser's inner peace and reality therapy interventions for 10 90-minute sessions. First, using central and dispersion indices, the descriptive characteristics of the research variables were examined separately for each hypothesis. Finally, the data were analyzed using multivariate mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test for pairwise comparison through SPSS-24 software. The results showed that compared to the control group, both treatment methods had a significant effect on the psychological capital of married women (p>0.05). Also, the findings indicated that: inner peace training had a greater effect on the dependent variable than the reality therapy approach (p>0.05). The results of the research suggest evidence that teaching inner peace and reality therapy is a suitable method for improving and increasing the psychological capital of married women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of modeling reading and attention on reading learning disorders mediated by classroom perception in students. The descriptive-correlation research method was structural equation modeling. A total of 258 students with reading learning disabilities in District 2 of Tehran in 2021-2022 education who were at risk of dyslexia and dyslexia syndrome checklist, were selected as the sample by available sampling method. Data were collected using the Attention Retention Test: Continuous Performance Test (CPT, Rosvold et al., 1956) and Children's Working Memory Test (WMT, Wechsler, 2003), Perception of Classroom Questionnaire (PCQ, Fraser et al., 1996) and Reading Learning Disorder Inventory (RLDI, Salimi Teimouri's, 2007). Data analysis was done using structural equations. The goodness-of-fit indices indicated a relatively good fit of the model with the data. The results showed that working memory and attention were negatively and significantly associated with learning disabilities in children (p<0.01). Also, there was a negative and significant effect between the perception of class on reading learning disorder (p<0.01). The results of indirect pathways also showed that working memory and attention through the perception of class have a significant negative effect on reading learning disorder (p<0.01). Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that working memory and attention are effective factors in reading disorders. Therefore, to improve children's reading performance, the level of working memory and attention in students should be strengthened.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on social exchange styles and psychological disturbance of women suffering from marital heartbreak. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was married women suffering from marital burnout who referred to "Rokn" and "Rah Salamat" counseling centers in Tehran in 2022. To select the sample size, 30 women were randomly selected by purposeful sampling and divided into two experimental groups. and witnesses (15 people in each group) were placed. The research tools were Liebman et al.'s Social Exchange Styles Scale 2011 (SES), Kessler et al.'s Psychological Disturbance 2003 (K-10), and Pines Marital Burnout 1996 (CBM). The experimental group underwent 10 90-minute communication skills training sessions. Data analysis was done by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the post-test average of the two experimental and control groups in the variables of social exchange styles (P=0.004) and psychological disturbance (P=0.002) of women suffering from marital heartbreak, which shows the effect of training skills There is a relationship in these women (P<0.05). Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that training communication skills by creating effective verbal and non-verbal communication, adaptability, and the formation of positive and useful behaviors leads to the strengthening of adaptive social exchange styles, reducing the psychological turmoil of women suffering from marital heartbreak.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of anger rumination in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty with perceived pain intensity in patients with chronic pain. The method of descriptive-correlation research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population was the patients with chronic pain referred to Hazrat Abolfazl Hospital (AS) in Tehran in 2022, who were diagnosed with chronic pain by doctors or pain specialist fellowship, and among them, 400 people were selected as a sample. The research tools include perceived pain intensity (PNMS, van Korff, 1990), metacognitive beliefs (QMB, Wells and Cartwright-Houghton, 2004), uncertainty intolerance (UIQ, Friston et al., 1994), and anger rumination. (ARQ, Sakhodolski et al., 2001). The data were analyzed by structural equation analysis. The findings showed a good fit of the data with the proposed research model. Metacognitive beliefs, uncertainty intolerance, and anger rumination had a direct and significant effect on perceived pain intensity (P<0.01). Also, metacognitive beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty with the mediation of anger rumination had an indirect and significant effect on the perceived pain intensity of patients (P<0.01). From these findings, it can be concluded that paying attention to metacognitive beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty increases the rumination of anger and increases the intensity of perceived pain in patients.

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and schema therapy on psychosomatic symptoms in people with physical diseases. The present study was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all women suffering from physical diseases(cardiovascular, digestive, and neurological) with psychosomatic symptoms referred to two government centers affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in the first three months of 2023, of which 36 people (12 people in the treatment group) focused on compassion, 12 people in the schema therapy group and 12 people in the control group) were selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced in three groups. The measurement tool in this study was the Psychosomatic Complaint Scale (PCS; Takata & Sakata, 2004). Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and schema therapy (ST) were each administered in 10 sessions of 120 minutes as a group, but the contra group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done using univariate analysis of the covariance test. The results showed that both treatments were effective in reducing psychosomatic symptoms, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments (P<0.05). In general, it can be concluded that both treatments have been effective in reducing the psychosomatic symptoms of physical patients; Based on this, it is suggested to implement these treatments in similar situations.

The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of art therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy on preschool children's anxiety. The design of the study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all children aged 5-6 years who were referred to the Neday-e Aramesh-e Ravan Counseling Clinic in the 2nd district of Tehran from mid-October to mid-January 2022. A total of 45 children were randomly selected and placed in two experimental groups and one control group (n=15) Then, the children of the first and second experimental groups underwent art therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy for 10 and 12 sessions, respectively. To collect data, the parental form of the preschool anxiety scale (PAS) (Spence et al., 2001) was used. Data analysis was done by multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS-23 software. The results revealed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the average scores of the post-test in the three groups of art therapy, cognitive-behavioral play therapy, and the control group (P<0.001), but there is no significant difference between the effects of these two methods (P>0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that by using each of the intervention methods of art therapy and cognitive-behavioral play therapy, an important step was taken in reducing the negative consequences caused by anxiety in children.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on marriage regret of couples referring to divorce counseling centers in Gonbad Kavus city. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with a control group and a two-month follow-up design. The research population was all couples who were referred to divorce counseling centers in Gonbadkavos city in 2021, numbering 716. The sample was 45 couples who were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 couples) and an experimental group (15 couples). The experimental groups were exposed to training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT). The research tool was Regretting the Spouse Choice Scale (RCSC) by Schwartz et al. (2002). The data were analyzed by variance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that compassion-focused therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy are effective on marriage regret in couples referring to counseling centers in Gonbad Kavus city and this effectiveness continues to follow stage  (P<0.01). There was a significant difference between the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on regretting marriage and compassion-focused therapy had more effect on it (P<0.01). So, It could use compassion-focused therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for regretting marriage but, compassion-focused therapy is referred.

This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the integrated model of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on the feeling of loneliness and social problem-solving of people with Prolong Grief Disorder. This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the people with Prolong Grief Disorder according to DSM 5-TR criteria and referred to the Acceptance and Commitment Psychological Clinic in Tehran in 2022. From the mentioned population, 20 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 10 people. The subjects of the experimental group were subjected to the integrated model of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy for 10 sessions of 120 minutes once a week. The control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included the loneliness questionnaire of Russell & Cutrona (1980) and the social problem-solving questionnaire of D'zurilla & Nezu (1990). To analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that in the experimental group, the average scores of the post-test compared to the pre-test had changed (P<0.05). From these findings, we can conclude that this method can be an efficient way to work with people with Prolong Grief Disorder.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-regulation training on the psychological well-being and social participation of students. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included the sixth-grade students of Qaenat city in the academic year 2022-2023. The sample size of the research included 36 female students who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups (18 people in each group). The research tools included the Social Participation Questionnaire (CPQ) by Sohrabi et al. (2009) and the Riff Psychological Well-Being Scale Short Form (RSPWB-SF) by Riff (2002). The control group did not receive any intervention, but the experimental group received self-regulation intervention during seven sessions (in seven ninety-minute sessions and one session each week). Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that by controlling the pre-test between the post-test average of all six components of psychological well-being (self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, mastery of the environment, purposeful life, and personal growth) and the variable of social participation in two experimental groups there was a significant difference control at the 0.01 level. The results showed that self-regulation training is probably an effective treatment for improving psychological well-being and social participation in students.

The aim of the present research was the modeling of creative teaching behavior based on psychological empowerment mediated by creative self-efficacy among teachers of schools for mental retardation. This research was descriptive correlational using a structural equation modeling method. The statistical population included all teachers working in primary, first, and second grades of high schools for mental retardation in Qom City in the education year 2022- 2023 in the number of 674 people. The size of the statistical sample was determined to be 203 people, which was done using the online available sampling method. the questionnaires were the Creative Teaching Questionnaire (CTQ, Mohebi Amin et al., 2013), the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire  (PEQ, Spreitzer & Mishra, 1995 ), and the Creative Self-Efficacy Questionnaire  (CEQ, Beghetto, 2006). For analyzing data we used the analysis of structural. The results of data analysis showed that the model has a good fit and there is a significant correlation & psychological empowerment and creative self-efficacy have a direct and significant effect on creative teaching behavior (P<0.01). Also, psychological empowerment through the mediation of creative self-efficacy has an indirect and significant effect on teachers' creative teaching behavior (P<0.01). The results of the research indicate the importance of the role of psychological empowerment and creative self-efficacy in promoting teachers' creative teaching, and it is recommended to hold educational workshops in this field.

The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parenting styles and academic adjustment. The current research was descriptive-correlation based on structural equations. The research population included all female students of the first secondary school in Rodsar City in the academic year of 2021-2022, and 300 people were selected from this population by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, parenting styles inventory (Bamrind, 1973, PSI), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965, RSES) and the student adjustment to college questionnaire (Baker and Seriak, 1984, SACQ) were used. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the research data. The results showed that authoritarian and authoritarian parenting styles have a direct effect on academic adjustment (0.05); While the permissive style does not have a significant direct effect on academic adjustment. On the other hand, the results showed that self-esteem has a direct effect on academic adjustment (P≤0.05). Also, all parenting styles have an indirect effect on academic adjustment through the mediating role of self-esteem (P≤0.05). The final model also had a good fit. Therefore, it can be concluded that to increase the academic adaptation of students, attention should be paid to the parenting styles of parents and especially the self-esteem of students.

The present study aimed to model the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome based on perceived stress with the mediating role of emotion regulation and sleep quality in female students. The research method was a descriptive correlation of the path analysis type and structural equation model. The statistical population of this study was the female students of Rasht Islamic Azad University in 2022. In this study, 250 people participated in an online survey in an accessible way. To collect data, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS; Cohen et al., 1983), Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John., 2003), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; Buysse et al., 1989), and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST; Steiner et al., 2003) were used. To analyze the data, the path analysis method was used. Based on the findings, the proposed model had a good fit. The direct effect of perceived stress on reappraisal, suppression, sleep quality, and premenstrual syndrome was significant. Also, the direct effect of sleep quality on premenstrual syndrome was significant. The results showed that only the mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between stress and premenstrual syndromes was significant (P<0.05); In fact, sleep quality had a mediating role in the relationship between stress and PMS. Based on this, it can be concluded that stress had an effective role in the increase of premenstrual syndrome both directly and due to its effect on the quality of sleep.