مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال بیست و دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 145، مهر و آبان 1402)

Metabolic disorders caused by obesity are related to metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of high intensity interval training on body mass index and serum levels of leptin, asprosin, insulin and fasting glucose in inactive obese women.

In this semi-experimental research, 24 sedentary obese women were purposefully selected and randomly divided into 2 groups of 12 people, exercise and control. Exercise intervention for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week of high intensity interval training; during the research period, the control group did not receive exercise intervention. 24 hours before the start of the intervention and 72 hours after the last training session, blood sampling was done on fasting. For statistical analysis, paired sample t-tests and covariance analysis were used.

The results showed that after the intervention round, there was a significant decrease were observed in asprosin (η2 = 0.352; F = 0.390; P = 0.003), leptin (η2 = 0.478; F = 19.229; P < 0.001) and insulin (η2 = 0.681; F = 44.828; P < 0.001) in the training group compared to control group. But no significant difference was observed in body mass index and fasting blood glucose (P> 0.05).

Overall, the results of this research showed that high-intensity interval training without weight change had positive effects on cytokines related to energy homeostasis and hyperinsulinemia in obese women.

Depression in cardiovascular diseases produces a relative risk between 1.5-2.5 for cardiac mortality. The illness perception influences on coping methods of patients with problems and outcomes of their disease. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of illness perception with depression in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 342 patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention 2016-17. Convenience sampling was done using a valid 3 part questionnaire including demographic information, illness perception questionnaire and Beck depression inventory. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analytical statistics in SPSS-V.21.

The mean score of patients’ depression was 10±11.35 of 63 score. Illness perception mean score of the patients was obtained 17.92±4.55 of 32 score. Also, in the study of the correlation between depression and illness perception, a significant statistical relationship was observed (P=0.001). Employment status, functional status, and illness perception as depression predicator.

It seems that illness perception as a cognitive variable has a significant effect on psychological consequences such as depression. The emphasis on the positive aspects of psychological well-being increases perception of the disease in these patients, which is important.Keywords: Illness perception, Depression, Coronary heart disease, Percutaneous coronary intervention

Despite the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome among youth, little is known about the knowledge of students about this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences students about metabolic syndrome.

A valid questionnaire was completed by 245 students of university. The questions were divided into 4 sections: diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Correct answer received 1 score and incorrect answer received 0 score. The answers were presented as a percentage. All data were analyzed with SPSS software, and p<0.05 was considered for statistically significant.

The average score of students for diabetes was 83.26±10.23, for obesity 89.72±10.45, for blood pressure 92.51±12.47, for cholesterol 86.66±20.33 and total score was 88.04±8.27. There was no significant difference between the two genders about the average score of the total score and the sections of the questionnaire. A significant difference was in total score by educational level (p<0.01) and seniors had the most knowledge, but there was no significant difference in the knowledge score regarding obesity and cholesterol. There was significant difference between the average knowledge score in relation to the sections of questionnaire and total score by faculty. The most and the least total knowledge score were related to the Faculty of Health and Pharmacy, respectively.

Considering that a score of 81-100% is considered good knowledge, the results show that Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences students generally have good knowledge about metabolic syndrome.

Background & objective:

 Poor sleep quality is common among patients with diabetes. It has destructive effects on physical and mental health as well as quality of life. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the sleep quality of patients with myocardial infarction in two diabetic and non-diabetic groups.

Subjects and Methods:

This descriptive and analytical study was conducted in 1402. 282 patients with myocardial infarction were included in the study as available. The data collection tool was a demographic information and standard sleep quality questionnaire. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 26 using descriptive and analytical statistics. The significance level of the tests in this study was evaluated with P<0.05.

The mean and standard deviation of age in diabetic group patients was 58.19±10.02. The type of myocardial infarction (p=0.3) and the level of education (p=0.2) were not significantly different between the two groups. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that the subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, daytime dysfunction, and the overall sleep score in the two diabetic and non-diabetic groups had statistically significant differences (p-value <0.05).

The results of this study showed that the subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, daytime dysfunction and overall sleep score of patients with myocardial infarction were different in diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Therefore, it is recommended to create appropriate strategies to improve the treatment of these patients and effective training on improving their sleep quality

Medicines that reduce insulin levels along with increasing insulin sensitivity have created great hope for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of metformin and inofolic in inducing ovulation in patients with resistant polycystic ovary syndrome.

This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 40 patients referred to the infertility clinic with PCOS. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: metformin (receive 1 tablet of 500 mg twice a day) and inofolic (receive 1 sachet twice a day, half an hour before breakfast and half an hour before dinner). The treatment continued for 3 months. During the treatment period, both groups underwent ovulation stimulation (received 5 days of oral administration (clomiphene citrate tablet 100 mg daily or letrozole tablet 5 mg daily)) as well as injectable gonadotropin.

The presence of at least one mature follicle in both groups was completely similar, and the number of mature follicles in both groups had a relatively similar pattern (P = 0.26). The pregnancy rate in the group receiving inofolic and metformin was 25% and 15%, respectively.

The findings of the present study showed that the effectiveness of inositol in terms of improving ovarian function and the occurrence of pregnancy in PCOS patients is similar to metformin.

Background and Objectives :

Despite the significant role of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans in diagnosing diseases, unnecessary prescriptions of these imaging techniques may lead to adverse consequences, imposing a heavy financial burden on patients and health systems. The present study aimed to assess the unnecessary use of imaging services for the evaluation of children suffering from headaches in Namazi Hospital in Shiraz in 2020.

Subjects and Methods:

 The research population of this retrospective study included all children who were referred to Namazi Hospital with the chief complaint of headache in 2019. Since the research sample was equal to the research population, no sampling was performed, and all individuals were surveyed through the census method. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19) using statistical methods.

Results:

 Of the 54 brain MRIs performed, 7.4% were necessary, and 92.5% were unnecessary. Moreover, regarding 81 brain CT scans performed, 8.6% were necessary and 91.3% were not. The indication and insurance status had a significant positive relationship with the necessity of brain MRI and CT scan prescriptions (P<0.05). The total financial burden imposed by unnecessary brain MRIs and brain CT scans of the studied patients in Shiraz Namazi Hospital was 158,298,588 Iranian Rials in 2020.

Conclusion :

The results pointed out that over 90% of the brain MRIs and CT scans prescribed for children with headaches were unnecessary, which could impose unnecessary patient costs. Therefore, it seems essential to use effective clinical guidelines for the proper administration of brain MRI and CT scans.

Background and Objectives:

 Knowing the location of mental foramen during common dental procedures such as local anesthesia, periapical and endodontic surgeries, extraction of impacted teeth and enucleation of cysts and tumors is important. Due to the limitations of available information about this anatomical structure, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between root of mandibular premolar teeth and mental foramen.

Subjects and Methods :

In this retrospective study, CBCT images of 94 patients (47 men and 47 women) who referred to the radiologic department of Ahvaz Jundishapur Dental School in 2020-2021 were recorded and evaluated. Finally, the data were analyzed to evaluate the difference in distance between mandibular premolar teeth root apex and the mental foramen in men and women, using SPSS software version 24 and t- test.

Results:

 There was no statistically significant difference for any of the roots of the second right mandibular premolar, first and second left mandibular premolars regarding the distance between the root apex and the mental foramen in men and women. But this distance in the root of the first right mandibular premolar was significantly greater in men than women (p = 0.008).

Conclusion:

 This study showed that except for the root of the first right mandibular premolar, there is no significant difference in the distance between the apex of the mandibular premolars to the mental foramen between men and women.

Magnetic fields can be used in radiation therapy to reduce electron contamination and improve dose delivery accuracy. MRIgRT systems use magnetic fields to track the position of the tumor during treatment and precisely deliver the dose from electron beams to the tumor, which will lead to improved treatment outcomes and reduced side effects.

The MCNP 6.1 Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the Varian 2100 C/D LINAC in both photon and electron modes. Percentage depth dose curves, dose profiles, and the fluence of contaminating electrons and photons were calculated. Dose profile penumbra and dose differences were calculated for different modes. In the second phase of the study, a constant 1.5 Tesla longitudinal magnetic field was applied to a water phantom that was aligned with the direction of the radiation beam.

Results:

 The MD reduced the surface dose by 8.3% and the dose profile penumbra by 5.6% at the surface of the water phantom. The MD removes all contaminating electrons from the radiation field without affecting the number of photons. The application of a 1.5 Tesla longitudinal magnetic field increased the dose by 4% in the maximum dose depth region and reduced the penumbra by 20% and the off-axis dose by 57% at the same depth.

Conclusion:

 The MD reduces surface dose, off-axis dose, and dose profile penumbra. The longitudinal magnetic field reduces penumbra and off-axis dose in electron beams.

Background and Objectives :

Exercise and L-arginine supplementation are known as effective strategies for treating hypertension. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise and L-arginine consumption on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in postmenopausal women with hypertension.

Subjects and Methods :

In this quasi-experimental research, 40 postmenopausal women with hypertension were divided into four equal groups including exercise, exercise + L-arginine, L-arginine, and placebo groups. Interventions of aerobic exercise (60-75% of maximum heart rate) and L-arginine supplementation (6 g/day) were completed for 12 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last intervention session, blood samples similar to the pre-test were collected to measure TIMP-1 and ET-1 levels using ELISA method.

Results:

 Plasma ET-1 levels in the training and training + L-arginine groups were significantly reduced compared to the placebo and L-arginine groups. In addition, plasma TIMP-1 increased significantly in the exercise group and exercise + L-arginine group compared to the placebo group. No synergistic effect was observed on TIMP-1 and ET-1 levels, despite the greater effect of exercise combined with L-arginine supplementation.

Conclusion :

According to the results of the present research, improved blood pressure in adaptation to aerobic exercises is associated with reduced ET-1 and increased TIMP-1. L-arginine supplement, either alone or in combination with aerobic exercise, has no significant effect on TIMP-1 and ET-1 changes.

Thalassemia is the most common genetic disease associated with the body's recurrent blood transfusions and iron overload. Iron chelators can reduce the adverse effects of iron overload through various mechanisms. However, concerns have recently been raised about their negative impact on renal function. The current study, therefore, examined the effect of different iron chelators on renal function in patients with thalassemia major.

Subjects and Methods:

 This cross-sectional descriptive study included primary thalassemia patients (5 - 25 years) referring to Ahwaz Thalassemia Center for regular blood transfusion and regular treatment with iron chelators. They were divided into 3 groups (deferiprone 60-80 mg/kg/d, deferasirox 15-35 mg/kg/d and deferoxamine 11-48 mg/kg/d). Blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected to determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and biochemical factors.

Results:

 No significant difference was observed between the studied groups in terms of GFR, urine albumin, serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, serum and urine phosphorus, and urine sodium (p > 0.05), but serum sodium and urine β2microglobulin (β2M) were significantly different between the studied groups (p < 0.05). Serum sodium was significantly higher in the deferiprone group compared to the control (P=0.004). Urine β2M was significantly higher in the deferoxamine and deferasirox groups in comparison with the control group (P=0.041, P=0.013). Finally, serum sodium was significantly higher in the deferiprone and deferasirox groups than that in the deferoxamine group (P=0.001, P=0.021).

Conclusion :

Urine beta-2 microglobulin increased in patients receiving deferoxamine and deferasirox compared to the control group, which might indicate primary kidney damage.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in cell proliferation and signaling. In this study, we examined the association between EGFR (rs712829) gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk among the Iranian population.

Subjects and Methods:

 A total of 100 patients with primary lung cancer and 100 matched healthy controls were recruited into this study. EGFR rs712829 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were genotyped by PCR-RFLP techniques for this association with lung cancer risk.

A significant association was observed between the GG genotype (P= 0.039, OR= 5.500, CI=95%; 1.710- 11.921) and also G (P= 0.001, OR= 2.967, CI=95%; 1.557- 5.691) allele of rs712829 SNP with lung cancer risk, this was while the TT genotype and T allele of this polymorphism showed a protective role against risk of lung cancer.

In conclusion, EGFR rs712829 was associated with a risk of lung cancer among Iranians. More studies in other Iranian populations are required to confirm the present findings.

In the last few decades, Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have increased and are now considered a major problem in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes in Escherichia coli with multiple drug resistance.

This study was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022. The research site included the microbiology laboratories of Golestan, Imam Khomeini, and Shahid Beqai hospitals where isolates suspected of Escherichia coli were isolated from urine culture samples of patients with urinary tract infection. All Escherichia coli samples were identified by conventional biochemical and molecular methods. The antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion method. Then, in order to finally confirm the presence of blaCTX-M and blaTE genes, PCR method was used.

Out of the 160 bacterial isolates examined, 138 (86.3%) showed multidrug resistance (MDR). The highest and lowest percentage of resistance was related to Amoxicillin-Clavonic acid (84.1%) and Meropenem (5.8%), respectively. Based on the combined disk method, 96 isolates (69.6%) were positive for Beta-lactamase enzymes (ESBLs). Among the 96 ESBL-positive isolates, 85 (88.5%) and 38 (39.6%) carried blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes, respectively.

Conclusion:

 Given the significant prevalence of Escherichia coli strains that are resistant to multiple drugs and carrying ESBLs beta-lactamase genes in hospital, there is a need for effective surveillance measures to prevent the further spread of drug resistance in these isolates.