پژوهش نامه اسلامی زنان و خانواده
سال یازدهم شماره 33 (زمستان 1402)

The current study was conducted with the purpose of constructing and investigating the psychometric properties of the psychological adversity scale based on the perception of female headed households using a mixed-method approach. To this end, firstly, the previous studies about the factors affecting the psychological distress of female headed households (in Persian and non-Persian languages) were reviewed. Thereafter, by applying the results of factor analysis and Delphi method, a conceptual model was extracted from it and scale items were made. Then, exploratory factor analysis method was used to determine the factor structure of the scale. Confirmation of the factor structure of the scale was also done by confirmatory factor analysis. The target community in the first part of the research included experts, managers and employees of the welfare organization and the relief committee, professionals and consultants active in women's affairs in executive bodies and non-governmental organizations, 30 of them were interviewed in a targeted manner until theoretical saturation was reached. Accordingly, the first part of the research was selected. The target population of the second part of the research included all female headed households in Tehran province, 417 of whom were selected by the stratified sampling and responded to the psychological distress scale. The data of research was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and six factors were extracted which are as follows: social support, resilience, psychological well-being, irritability, exposure to stress and depression. These factors explained 82.48% of the total variance of the test. To check the validity of the questionnaire, content validity, construct validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used and the obtained indices showed acceptable validity. The reliability of this scale was obtained by Cronbach's alpha which was 83%. The findings showed that the psychometric characteristics of the developed tool have a suitable capability and it can be used to measure women's psychological adversities and conduct research in the field of women's psychology.

The present research was done with the aim of investigating the lived experience of working married women on the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic by using a qualitative method of phenomenology. The population of the research included all married working women in Tehran, 13 of whom were selected and included from March 2021 in a purposeful way until theoretical saturation was reached in an in-depth semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed by the seven-step Colaizzi method. The findings were classified into 4 main themes and 19 sub-themes as follows: the main theme of the opportunities obtained during the COVID-19 pandemic (including the sub-themes of providing the opportunity to be physically and mentally with children; providing the opportunity for personal growth; the opportunity to appreciate God, oneself , family and job), the main theme of support received during the COVID-19 pandemic (including the sub-themes of being supported by parents; being supported at the workplace; being supported by the spouse), family challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic (including the sub-themes of children's academic failure; the impossibility of physical care and sufficient emotional support for children; intensification of disputes with spouses; intensification of disputes with children; reduction of couples' sexual relations; feelings of loneliness; anxiety of loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic) and the main theme of career challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic (with sub-themes of worry for the right reason) not getting things done; reducing job performance and efficiency; reducing concentration in doing work-related matters; increasing job duties due to the illness of colleagues; financial pressure and lack of financial support from the workplace; experiencing negative feelings of staying at home such as depression; feelings of incompetence and self-blame due to Inability to do things at the same time. According to the findings, it can be concluded that the more psychological, economic and supportive working women have in the field of work and family, the more they can deal with the problems caused by crisis times such as the Corona era and its aftermath. Manage more effectively. Additionally, enriching the work and family environment during the COVID-19 pandemic can increase the preparedness of married working women against similar crises in the future.

This study was conducted with the purpose of sociologically explaining the social health status of adolescents living in quasi-family centers in 2022 in Tehran by using a non-experimental method. The population included all adolescents aged 13 to 18 living in quasi-family centers in Tehran in 2022, totaling 116 people (in 6 quasi-family centers), all of whom entered the study. The data was collected through applying the standardized scale of social health of Keys (1998) including the components of social cohesion, social adaptation, social participation, social flourishing and social acceptance, and analyzed by the Pearson correlation method and Spearman's rank test. The SPSS-26 was used to analyze the scores. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of the social health of adolescents living in quasi-family centers with the variables of social cohesion, social adaptation, social acceptance, social participation and meaningful social prosperity are respectively +0.542, +0.395, +0.590, +0.476, and +0.627, which indicates their positive and meaningful relationship and favorable social health in these teenagers. Therefore, it can be said that keeping orphaned teenagers in quasi-family centers is one of the best ways to increase their social health taken into consideration by policy makers and guardians of these people.

This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship and interaction of Islamic philosophy with gender issue with the inductive content analysis. Therefore, the answer to this question is whether the result of the ratio of these two is classified as "philosophy of gender" and whether its result can be named "gender in Islamic philosophy" or "Islamic philosophy and gender" was investigated. To this end, all written scientific sources were described and analyzed to investigate the different meanings of Islamic philosophy. Then, by considering the interaction of Western philosophies with the issue of gender, the possible ratios of Islamic philosophy and the issue of gender were studied. The results showed that the relationship between gender and philosophy has different forms according to the various meanings of philosophy. If philosophy is considered in its most general sense, the range of issues of philosophy and gender includes all possible relationships in philosophies, mysticisms and theologies with gender issue. On the other hand, if philosophy is considered in the common sense of Islamic philosophy, its issues are due to the difference of the subject. In Islamic philosophy with Western philosophies, it will be significantly different from feminist philosophies. On the other hand, examining the gender issue in various chapters of philosophical anthropology is a kind of development of the chapters of Islamic philosophy, while by examining issues such as the definition of sex and gender in Islamic philosophy, the origin of gender, the method and sources of gender discussion based on Islamic philosophy, a kind of additional philosophy of gender is obtained.

Allameh Tabataba'i's views on women and family, especially his views on men's intellectual superiority over women and women's emotional life versus men's rational life, are important and influential for researchers in the field of gender studies. The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the coherence of Allameh Tabataba'i's view with his philosophical foundations about the intellectual superiority of men over women using an Ijtihad-type analytical-documentary method. To this end, after investigating all the works of Allameh Tabataba'i, firstly, his gender perspective was extracted from these works, especially from the book Tafsir al-Mizan, and its central principles were extracted. Secondly, the philosophical foundations accepted by Allameh Tabataba'i in the form of philosophical rules of expression and the coherence of his gender perspective with those principles and rules were evaluated. The results showed that the logical requirement of accepting the foundations of Sadra's philosophy is the acceptance of different intellectual levels of humans, but that one guild is intellectually superior to another was not extracted from these philosophical foundations. On the other hand, according to Allameh Tabataba'i's cognitive values and the matching of value system and existential system in the Sadraei philosophical tradition, a kind of incompatibility and contradiction between the promise of the intellectual superiority of men and the equality of values of men and women is observed.

In the family law of Islam and Iran, economic rules have been legislated in such a way as to provide for the needs of spouses and children. However, due to social changes, today some family economic rules do not provide for their needs. The current research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the economic insecurity of the family in Iranian law and the capacities of law to overcome this insecurity. To this end, all the written sources of law in this field were investigated in the analytical-documentary way. The results showed that in Iran's legal system, the use of private rights capacity for the economic support of the family has been the criterion. Moreover, the direction of legal developments in two legal and contractual dimensions includes the economic support of the wife through the consolidation of the economic obligations of the husband. Therefore, the balance of marital rights and duties has been messed up and the family has become dysfunctional. So, in this paper, Iran's legal experience in the field of criticism and the capacity of public law in the economic provision of the family was explained. In the end, it was concluded that the way out of the malfunctioning of this area and the economic provision of the family is the economic commitment of the government.

Referring to jurisprudential foundations, a group of researchers recognized the independence of women's property and another group denied her independence in her property. Of course, Iran's civil law has clearly spoken about the independence of women's property and stipulated that women can independently own their own property. The issue of women's private property in Islamic jurisprudence is one of the challenging issues and in reaching the appropriate framework and proposing its views by analyzing the jurisprudential foundations are the ways to verify the views that have raised women's lack of ownership. The current research was conducted with the purpose of examining the jurisprudential foundations of the independence of women's private property before and after marriage with an approach to comparative jurisprudence and legal laws by using the analytical-documentary method. To this end, based on the analysis of the relevant sources, the opposite point of view was studied and the basic challenge of this issue, i.e., the confrontation of a woman's right to financial independence with the principle of family consolidation and the necessity of obeying her husband, was examined. The findings showed that in Islamic jurisprudence and legal laws, the principle of independence of a woman's property and possessions resulting from it, after marriage, is not in conflict with the principle of family consolidation and the necessity of obeying the husband.