International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics
Volume:11 Issue: 2, Feb 2024

Entrepreneurial intention is an important concept for understanding and promoting entrepreneurship. It is a strong predictor of entrepreneurial behavior, and it can lead to a number of positive benefits for individuals, society, and the economy. This study aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurial intention (EI) on entrepreneurial orientation (EO). It also examines the intervening role of environmental uncertainty (EU). The data were collected from 150 entrepreneurs from active enterprises in the 3 major cities of Pakistan. The information was gathered through a closed-ended questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, EI impacts positively on EO and EU. Furthermore, EU plays a significant intervening role between EI and EO. The results of this study offer valuable information that the owners of businesses and the Ministry of Commerce may use to support entrepreneurial activities in Pakistan. This may ensure the efficient operation and elimination of organizations' failure to appropriately launch their businesses.

This study sheds novel light on the factors influencing short-term investments made by businesses. It delves into the impact of previously unexplored variables on working capital requirements at both the firm and macroeconomic levels. These variables include equity issuance activity, corporate yields, free cash flow, retained earnings, depreciation, government oil revenue, and trade levels. The study employs a pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model on a panel dataset spanning the years 2000 to 2014. This investigation extends the existing body of knowledge regarding the determinants of corporate short-term investments in the context of a novel emerging market, specifically the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) market. The findings reveal that fluctuations in government oil revenue and trade conditions exert a significant influence on the short-term investments of service businesses in the GCC, with a stronger impact compared to their long-term investments. Considering these findings, GCC economic policymakers could consider implementing targeted interventions to bolster the resilience of service-sector firms. This could include facilitating access to financing channels less susceptible to national economic fluctuations, as well as enacting policies and programs that encourage service firms to diversify their revenue streams through increased export activity and lessened dependence on the domestic market.

The primary purpose of this paper is to verify the basic assumptions according to the pecking order and Trade-off theory for the capital structure in listed firms on KSA, Iran, and the Iraq Stock Exchange of West Asian countries. The pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) were used to examine the relationships of the three countries for determinants of the capital structure from 2016 to 2020 for the data of non-financial companies. Finally, we obtained 116 Saudi, 82 Iranian, and 35 Iraqi companies. Our findings support capital structure theories of the pecking order theory better to describe the capital structure in KSA. This is a significant marker like these societies, yet we found some determinants of the capital structure consistent with trade-off theory in the context of Iran and Iraq. So, it can be said that the Islamic nature of these countries brings companies closer to issuing shares than using debt as a means of capital financing, as Muslims believe that the usury (Raba) comes from the interest of debt. Our results indicate that the growth opportunities have a positive relationship with LEV, but it is not significant for the three countries. This paper can give a unique picture of Islamic societies and how to get capital financing. We found a remarkable similarity in the choice of pecking order theory for the capital structure; naturally, this paper is of interest to owners and managers who are trying to obtain an ideal capital structure to improve the fixed performance of the company.

Tanzanian micro and small-scale fishery businesses struggle with limited market share and competitiveness due to ineffective marketing strategies. The purpose of the study was to investigate a blend of marketing strategies enhancing the competitiveness of micro and small-scale fishery businesses. The study utilized a mixed-method research design, combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Quantitative data, collected from 188 respondents through simple random sampling and structured questionnaires, underwent descriptive and regression analysis. Qualitative data derived from eight focus group discussions through purposive sampling, was subjected to thematic analysis. The quantitative study revealed a strong positive correlation between traditional marketing strategies and gaining a competitive edge (p<0.000). Also, the study found a similar strong positive correlation between modern marketing strategies and gaining a competitive edge (p< 0.000). The qualitative study revealed that traditional marketing strategies placed emphasis on customer interaction, flexible pricing, product quality, and efficient stock management, while modern approaches prioritized mobile communication, customer relationship management, and social media presence. The findings imply the crucial role of traditional marketing strategies in shaping Mwanza City’s micro and small-scale fishery business, while stressing the increasing importance of integrating modern strategies with traditional approaches to ensure sustained competitiveness and success in the local market. The study unveils fresh insights by emphasizing the blending of traditional and modern marketing strategies for gaining a competitive edge in Tanzanian micro and small-scale fishery businesses.

Internal and external finance are the two primary forms of funding for businesses. Internal financing is derived from retained profits, while external financing may come through borrowing money or the issuance of stocks. Businesses utilize it constantly to grow and stay alive, so the choices they make about finance are crucial. Market timing is vital for determining the appropriate financial structure for a company's success because volatility in market valuation greatly affects the capital structure. Capital structure requires a decision-making tactic that is an art to tackle complex situations. Modigliani and Miller started this ground-breaking study on capital structure in the field of corporate finance in 1958. After that, several theories were developed, but one of those theories was the market timing theory of capital structure, which explains that firms issue new stock when their share price is overvalued and repurchase shares when their share price is undervalued. These price fluctuations of equity will affect corporate financing decisions and ultimately corporate capital structures. The goal of this study is to test the applicability of market timing theory in the context of Canadian firms; thus, the data have been collected from the FINVIZ Stock Screener for the period (2022) and analyzed by a generalized linear model technique through the EViews 13. The research concludes that the market-to-book ratio has a statistically significant negative effect on market leverage as well as book leverage.

This research aims to analyze the impact of the increasing development of financial technology on the auditing profession. To achieve this goal, it defined financial technology as the use of technological innovation in the financial sector using the online market as a place to provide solutions to various financial problems experienced by digital customers through the development of strategic models, processes, applications, or innovative products. The auditing profession faces great challenges; the changes brought about by fourth industrial revolution are not limited to technology only, but have extended to include the need to redesign some of the concepts that constitute the basic building blocks of accounting and auditing; like the concept of value. The changing face of the business environment may shift professional services from focusing on assurance services to focusing on non- assurance services. The research concluded that financial technology innovations enhance the use of the real time audit approach and the emergence of audit applications. The research also concluded that there is an update in the professional assurance services currently provided by the auditor. The role of the auditor emerged in assurance management’s assertions regarding the effectiveness of internal control over information technology, management’s disclosures regarding the application of artificial intelligence tools, auditing fair value estimates and accounting estimates prepared using artificial intelligence tools, management’s disclosures about cybersecurity risks, and cyber security risks management. Finally, the research concluded that new professional services have emerged, including auditing smart contracts, Trust assurance service in blockchains system, the function of the central administrator, and the function of arbitration in disputes. However, to achieve the future vision of professional assurance services for the auditor, the profession needs to overcome a number of challenges. First, it is to bridge the gap between the approach and method of real time audit and current auditing standards. Second, high investment to create tools to automate the audit.