فصلنامه راهبرد اجتماعی فرهنگی
پیاپی 50 (زمستان 1402)

Population is one of the components of the national power of any country, and the optimal population size and policies to achieve it are always the concerns of governments. In recent years, due to changing trends and fertility patterns, population decline has become one of Iran's major issues. In this regard and in response to the possible consequences of a sharp decrease in the fertility rate, the statesmen and policy makers of the society have been considering population policies since the last decade of the 80s. This research aims to describe the different stages of this policy and evaluate the goals and tools of this policy by using systemic theory in response to the question of how the policy cycle of population increase in Iran. It seems that the youth plan of the population still does not have priority to enter the system due to the accumulation of issues in the economic, social and environmental fields in the Islamic Republic. Moreover, the applied incentive and punishment policies and tools will not be beneficial due to their inadequacy, inefficiency and violation of citizen's rights.

Natural and unnatural factors cause a large number of unsupervised and abused teenagers to live and stay in day and night centers. Welfare was carried out in 1401 in Tehran. In terms of the nature of the research, it is in the category of Shafi's research, in terms of the type of applied research and in terms of inductive strategy decision-making, and in terms of the nature of the qualitative research design, and in terms of the type of fundamental data theory, the Strauss & Corbin (1990) paradigmatic model. In this research, for the research approach of foundational data theory, from the paradigm model of Corbin & Strauss (1990) which is based on the identification of six elements: causal, contextual, interventional conditions, action/reaction strategies, consequence and regional phenomenon and the relationship between them. . statistical population and sample size; There are 24 senior experts and senior experts working in this department, they have been selected purposefully. Qualitative data has been analyzed using MAXQDA2020 software. The findings show that the most important factors on social health in two main groups; structural factors with three subgroups; The cultural, social and economic situation before entering the pseudo-family, the function of the biological education family and the existing factors and the functional factors with the subgroup of functions that can be improved, social support, work to reduce the problems of adolescents, coordination of factors, educational and educational functions, attention to the role of educators. Economic and financial functions were identified.

The population decline crisis in Iran is an important and significant issue. This research has been done in order to find policy solutions to achieve proportionate growth in field of fertility. In this regard, current research has studied the possibilities of facilitating childbearing with two methodological approaches of policy research and comparative study; Policy research is process of conducting research on an important social problem or analyzing it, in order to provide practical recommendations to policy makers to solve problems. For this purpose, fertility status of women in two Islamic countries (Iran,Turkey) and two Scandinavian countries (Sweden,Norway) has been analyzed and compared. Results show that policy of Scandinavian governments has been able to encourage women to have more children. Study of Turkey shows population crisis in this country; Turkish government is trying to encourage families to have children by applying incentive policies. Iran is also moving toward aging in terms of demographics, and so far no serious action has been taken to encourage families to have children, although there is hope with adoption of Youth Population Law. It is suggested that while solving economic problems in this regard, attention should be paid to creating more job security for women, including allocating a quota to them in the board of directors of companies. It is also possible to use political experience of Scandinavian countries, of course, we must keep in mind that along with growth in these countries, there are also damages that must be considered in finding an Islamic-Iranian model.

The increase in the age of marriage is of special importance as an indicator that affects the delay in family formation and the decrease in fertility. Since increasing the age of marriage is affected by several factors, the ranking of these factors can play an essential role in targeted policies. In this paper, the method of hierarchical analysis and interviews with experts have been utilized in order to rank the factors influencing the increase in the age of marriage. For this purpose, an expert questionnaire was designed and completed by 11 scientific experts. The findings showed that the index of diminishing the value of marriage, weakening of religious beliefs, empowerment of women, the expansion of friendship between boys and girls before marriage, the expansion of movies on home networks, cinema, and the concern of providing suitable housing are the most important indices affecting the marriage age. The policy suggestions indicate that programs at the micro level and in families with the aim of creating a positive attitude towards marriage and welfare facilities at the macro level by the governments can be effective policies. They can also be an effective solution for providing marriage on time.

Girl-hood is an identity tied with gender that, regardless of its singularities, is understood inconsistently in different social analytic systems. The current research aims at clarifying the relationship between the girls’ identity and perception of their girl-hood with their descriptions of it in the first place –free from prescriptions and pathologies. For the purpose, we adopted the qualitative method with a phenomenological strategy. To present the best aspect of the research, participants for the sample are chosen consciously so that they are of an age that is the threshold of a new identity, enabling them to explain girl-hood in a comprehensive manner. Therefore, we interviewed 20 girls born between 2001-2006. We gathered the complementary data of the interviews in form of focus groups. Among others, we went to the girls’ confrontation with those topics that better reflect girl-hood. The descriptive phenomenology of the girls’ descriptions of their girl-hood demonstrates that these girls and their perceptions of girl-hood are by no means merely an effect of the structure or institutional shortcomings; rather, due to their presence in fluid, identity-making contexts, they reflectively reconstruct their personal and by extension, their interpersonal and social identities. If we consider identity as one’s “stable” understanding and image of oneself, then in the lifeworld of these girls, the very topic of “identity” faces fundamental challenges.