International Journal of Finance and Managerial Accounting
Volume:10 Issue: 37, Spring 2025

Optimizing the financial flow in banks' financing chains against credit risk disorder is one of the important and fundamental demands of the owners of interests in banks,therefore,this research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of the financing chain under credit risk disorder in the keshavarzi Bank.The research is qualitative-quantitative.The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research is the senior managers of the credit department of the keshavarzi Bank in Tehran.The sampling is purposeful and by snowball method.The interview with ten of them showed theoretical saturation,but the interview with two other experts continued.Data collection was done by field method by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews and the design of the model was coded with the foundation data method.Validity of the model was validated by double interaction and reliability by retest.In the quantitative part of the research,among the 320 managers of credit departments of the branches of excellent Bank in Tehran,175 of them were studied by a non-random method and according to the Morgan Chrissy table,with the researcher's questionnaire.For data analysis,factor analysis and SmartPLS software were used.Validity was checked withAVE and reliability withCR,and the fit of the model was accepted.Fully confirmed.This model introduces corporate banking and risk management as the main core of optimizing the financial supply chain under risk disruption.The comparison of this model with the current performance of the keshavarzi Bank shows that the proposed model with emphasis on advanced tools suitable for industry conditions It provides better optimization of the financing chain.

The current study investigates the relationship between intellectual capital and knowledge-based economy indexes with auditor characteristics. The knowledge-based economy indexes include innovation, human resources and education, information and communication infrastructure, and economic and institutional regimes. Auditor characteristics include auditor accuracy, auditor specialization in the industry, auditor interlock, and auditors’ financial independence. The method of the study is descriptive correlational research. It is based on the companies' information on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018. The sample consists of 187 companies (1310 observations). The method to test the hypotheses is linear regression using panel data. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and knowledge-based economy indexes with auditor characteristics. Therefore, improving intellectual capital and knowledge-based economy indexes enhances the auditor’s characteristics. This study presents valuable insights concerning the impact of intellectual capital and a knowledge-based economy on auditors' characteristics, especially in Iran’s emerging financial market, with serious competition in the audit market.

Known as financial intermediaries, banks should direct capital toward different projects and industries in a bid to play a positive role in the sustainable development of society and fulfill their social responsibilities. However, the design frameworks of Iran’s banking business models have failed to simultaneously provide financial interests for firms and banks. Despite the analysis of the agents affecting the liquidity problems of manufacturing firms, the literature has nearly neglected the conflict of financial interest between banks and those firms. Hence, this study aims to design and simulate a social banking model based on agent-based modeling to reduce the conflict of financial interest between banks and manufacturing firms. The social banking model was simulated in NetLogo for Resalat Qard–al-Hasan Bank of Iran, selected due to its leading role in providing inexpensive microfinance services to develop social entrepreneurship without expecting dividends. The proposed model pursues the cash flow and other important financial parameters related to firms, the bank, clients, and Iran's state during the 2017–2022 period. Tested, implemented, and analyzed in multiple simulation intervals, the results indicated changes in the parameters in response to developments based on social banking implementation.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and capital formation using the financial development channel. According to the investigations, it was found that the direct effect of corporate governance on capital formation is unclear, which depends on several factors. The analysis of the data showed that corporate governance through the channel of financial development can have an effect on capital formation, which, of course, is different among countries and the reason for that is the different level of development of the countries. In this study, the data of 30 countries including 12 countries in the Middle East region and 18 countries of the OECD during the years 2005-2020 have been used in the form of Panel-GMM method. The results of the research showed that corporate governance in Middle East countries, which have a lower level of corporate governance and development, has a positive and significant effect on capital formation, and improving corporate governance improves capital formation. But this relationship has not been significant for OECD countries. Also, financial development in both groups of countries had a positive and significant impact on capital formation, but its impact was greater in the Middle East countries. Also, the results of examining financial development in more detail showed that financial development from the perspective of market development improves capital formation in countries, but financial development from the perspective of institutional development has no effect on improving capital formation.

This article has a special focus on the effective factors of Lend Tech in the banking system of Iran and its purpose is to identify the factors of Lend Tech in order to improve the lending process and reduce credit risk in banks and financing institutions. It is exploratory which has provided a comprehensive framework of the key elements of the digital lending model (Lend Tech) in the banking system at the level of Iran as an Islamic country. In this research in order to determine the key elements of the digital lending platform (Lend Tech), the research literature was reviewed using the content analysis method; Then the elements The key to the digital lending platform in two levels of concepts and factors Keys were classified. Finally In order to ensure the confirmation of these cases, the Delphi method was used to examine the opinions of experts and specialists in the financial field. The results of the research provide a list of four key concepts Identifying regulations related to digital lending in banks and financial and credit institutions, identifying internal ecosystem institutions, Identification of foreign eco - system institutions, Identifying the components of the interface system (partner) and 16 key factors It ended up that All of them were approved by experts and experts in this profession. This framework can be defined the variables that are carried out in the future research, referring to the valid literature in the field Digital lending Help in the internal field.

In the reports of companies listed on stock exchanges, net income is much more important than any other information, for it concerns the current and future performance conditions of companies. It can also help estimate future returns and provide an outlook for the managerial mindsets and future activities of companiesThis study aims to examine the threshold effects of dividend per share (DPS) on the financial returns of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). To this end, 109 TSE-listed companies with financial information available for the 2015–20 period were selected. Research hypotheses were tested by balanced panel threshold regression.Financial reporting is a key accounting procedure that aims to provide users with the necessary information for making economic decisions on evaluating the performance and profitability of businesses. According to the statistical significance results of the thresholds and difference-in-difference (DID) programming approach, the thresholds had nonlinear correlations with the effects of DPS on financial returns with single or multiple thresholds. Furthermore, these two variables were directly correlated, where a higher DPS boosted financial returns.Keywords: threshold effects of DPS, financial return thresholdJEL Classification: G14, G35, M41

The purpose of this study was to Interpretive Structural Modeling of the factors affecting the quality of work life of auditors. This study is based on an applied purpose and a quantitative qualitative approach. Identifying the factors affecting the improvement of quality of work life was done through systematic review of previous context and researches and semi-structured interviews based on theoretical saturation with 17 experts in accounting and human resource management. The validity and reliability of the interviews were confirmed by the method of relative content validity and Kappa Cohen index, respectively. In order to model the factors affecting the improvement of quality of work life, the opinions of 41 accounting experts and managers and owners of auditing firms aware of the research topic were used by convenience sampling method and a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by content validity and test-post-test method, respectively. Coding of interviews using Atlas ti software identified 34 factors affecting the quality of auditors' working life. Modeling the identified factors with the interpretive structural method led to the formation of thirteen levels in which procedural justice, reviewing the content of jobs and reforming the compensation system are the most effective and sustainable development programs of the company, providing growth opportunities and culture of excellence are the most Impressionable factors.

This research examines the role of managerial ability in relation to integrated risk management and business continuity risk of companies through the use of the support vector machine (SVM) model to determine the business continuity risk index.

The support vector machine has been used to determine business continuity. The number of 180 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and 2160 years/ company observations from 2008 to 2020 (12 years) were investigated. The support vector machine model was used to measure the business continuity risks. The Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) was used to test the research hypothesis. The support vector machine (SVM) model was used to measure business continuity risks.

The results indicate that the greater the managerial ability, the lower the business continuity risks. They also confirm that managerial ability is an important indicator in reducing business continuity risks. In addition, the managerial ability has a positive and significant relationship with Enterprise Risk Management.

Improvement in the performance of banks is one of the fundamental pillars of their competition. One of the factors affecting the improvement in the financial performance of banks is corporate governance. The present research aimed to provide a model for the effect of corporate governance on the performance of banks in the event of financial crises. The statistical population of this research includes the information of 10 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange for 10 years during the years 2011 to 2020 (1390 to 1399 in Iranian calendar). The present research method is post-event in order to find analytical relationships between the studied variables based on statistical methods. In this research, the financial statements of the banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange are made based on the screening sampling method and receiving the required information from them, the relevant calculations and the testing of the hypothesis variables. A multivariate regression model was to test the hypotheses. The results suggest that corporate governance has a significant effect on the rate of return on assets in financial crises, while corporate governance does not have a significant effect on Tobin’s q ratio in financial crises.

The present research aims to evaluate the performance of Iran's state banks based on FinTech innovation indexes. For realization of the research objectives, the opinions of 13 Central Bank experts and university professors were used until the theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done in three phases: identifying the factors affecting the evaluation of the performance and status of the banks based on the technology-enabled innovation in financial services (FinTech) through interviews and using thematic analysis method, determining the degree of importance of the components through the questionnaire and Shannon's entropy method, and ranking the country's state banks through the questionnaire and MABAC method. The research findings indicated that 19 components identified in the qualitative phase obtained the highest degree of importance among the factors affecting the performance evaluation and status of banks based on the FinTech indexes. These components include as follows: employees’ training and learning, reforming the organizational structure, developing big data analysis, actively identifying customer needs, sharing financial data, developing smart investment management, alliance with financial peers, multi-faceted business strategies, application of blockchain technology, customer orientation, delivery of customized services, development of financial affairs, credit risk management, improving service efficiency, organizational innovation culture, enhancing digital marketing, increasing customer communication channels, new payment methods, and cooperation with traditional banks, respectively. Furthermore, Bank Melli, Bank of Agriculture, Sepah Bank, Maskan Bank, Post Bank, Export Development Bank, Bank of Industry and Mine, and Cooperative Development Bank, respectively, gained the highest priority among the state banks according to the 19 identified factors.

The accounting profession is one of the most disciplined professions in the world and because of the type of the services it provides, it should be reliable. Its reliability depends on practical and intellectual adherence to the ethical and behavioral norms of the profession. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to explain the role of organizational paranoia in shaping the Machiavellian character of accountants with emphasis on Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences with fuzzy Delphi method. The study is a phenomenological study. The present study was conducted in 2022 and among the employees of the Tax Affairs Organization. The sampling method is snowball .Unstructured interviews were used to collect data; twenty participants shared their experiences with the researchers. The seven-step Klaizi method was used to analyze data. The results of the analysis included the interviews with participants in the organizational paranoia with three components and ten sub-components, the Machiavellianism of accountants with six components and fifteen sub-components and Garner's multiple intelligences with three components and fifteen sub-components. The results of this study can be useful for determining the rules and standards of the accounting profession and also create more confidence for the accounting profession and strengthen the personality of accountants.

Financial stress can be considered a disruption in the normal functioning of financial markets and its indicators are essential tools for assessing the stability and vulnerability of financial systems. This research focuses on designing and explaining a comprehensive financial stress index that incorporates external financial indicators and provides a comprehensive outlook on systemic risks facing an economy in the time span from October 31, 2012, to October 21, 2022. In this research, five important global indicators—Brent crude oil price, gold price per ounce, the U.S. Dollar index, the NASDAQ Composite index, and the Euro to Dollar exchange rate—have been used to construct the financial stress index. Various methods such as principal component analysis and statistical regression models are employed to determine optimal weights. Sensitivity analysis is performed to ensure the stability and reliability of the index under various weighting scenarios. Therefore, for the final analysis in this research, open-source software R 4.2.1 and Eviews1 have been utilized. This research indicates a significant relationship between the VIX fear index and the designed financial stress index. Additionally, the outcome of weighting the research variables using a hierarchical technique reveals that the gold price carries the highest weight of 0.369, followed by the U.S. Dollar index with 0.222 in the third place, the Euro to Dollar exchange rate with 0.174, and Brent crude oil index with 0.170, while the NASDAQ Composite index holds the fifth position with a weight of 0.065.

In order to make decisions, users of financial information need to pay attention to the earnings quality in addition to the quantitative of earnings in the income statement. In examining the quality of earnings, it is important to examine the sustainability of earnings and the distinction between stable and unstable earnings. Revenues and expenses are fundamentally proportional to one another Incomes and expenses are basically related to each but are likely to be disproportionally affected by transitory items or economic shocks; Therefore, the separation of the unstable part resulting from transitory items and economic shocks from the stable part of earning has often been the focus of researchers. This research proposes a new measure of sustainable earnings based on deviations from normal profit margins, one of the financial ratios. Based on deviations from normal profit margins and based on the firm-specific and the industry-based, the core (stable) and non-core (unstable) components of earning have been separated and the coefficients of these components have been estimated in regression models. The studied sample is the panel data related to the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) companies between 2011- 2021. The results, based on both firm-specific and industry-based, indicate that for all three profit measures the persistence of core earnings, measured by α1, is significantly larger than that of non-core earnings, measured by α2. In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between the persistence of core earnings and the intensity of core earnings (ICE), which is extracted as an earnings quality measure.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the efficiency of using a hybrid model of an agent-based and recursive neural network to automate algorithmic trading strategies in global financial markets and the Tehran Stock Exchange. The model consists of two groups of agents, including traditional agents and intelligent agents. The group of traditional agents is divided into three categories: liquidity providers, liquidity consumers, and noise traders. Historical data was used to predict stock prices in the intelligent agent group, and model simulations were used to generate trading signals and update the limited order book. To extract the historical data, information from the financial markets of New York, Frankfurt, and Tokyo from 2013 to 2020 AD and the Tehran Stock Exchange from 1392 to 1399 Persian calendar was extracted from the official websites of these markets. To compare the efficiency of the model, autocorrelation and Hurst exponent tests were performed on the time series of the model price and the time series of the closing price of the historical data of the actual financial markets. The results of the autocorrelation and Hurst exponent analysis of the model and the historical financial market data were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. The results of the Mann-Whitney test show that the model can effectively predict the behavior of the actual financial markets.