دو فصلنامه اسلام پژوهی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز و زمستان 1385)

Believing in the proportion of the chapters; in both of its major branches which means the relation between the end of each individual chapter with the beginning of the next chapter and also the contextual relation among chapters following each other is mostly based on accepting the concept of "Tofiqi" in the chapter's orders and the reasons related to this issue. Yet the reasons which emphasize this attitude lack any reliable scientific reasoning and therefore fail to prove the occurrence of "Tofiqi"in the order that the chapters appear in Quran. In addition to these, in general the chapters are not dependant on the previous or their next chapters for conveying their meaning. Instead each possesses separate topic or even topics for further discussions, which can be debated without any dependence on the other chapters. Of course one can always find harmony among the chapters regardless of their order. Furthermore due to religious permission for reading the chapters without any particular order reflects the lack of any essential proportion among them. Also by surveying many of these claims one can realize to what extent they are based on personal views and likes too. As a matter of fact it seems that the so-called claimed proportions and similarities in chapters following each other do not rely on any valid and acceptable principle at all among the advocates of the mentioned theory; the proportion of chapters. Based on these, one can hardly accept the aspects related to proportion and regarding this agree to it as a principle for real concepts and meanings. As a result basically the validity of the principle related to the proportion of chapters is indeed doubted in the first place.

This article surveys the concept and context of the specific key term known as Baqiatallah in Chapter Houd, verse No.86 from point of view of both the Shiite and Sunni interpreters. The mentioned term holds an economical concept within the general verse, relating to a religiously accepted profit. But since among the Shiites, Imam of our time is interpreted and known as Baqiatallah, in most cases the original concept and reference of this term has been forgotten and therefore its economical function has been neglected. While this article surveys this topic in the interpretive Shiite and Sunni works and texts, it also points to the path through which it has found a second or minor meaning within the Shiite works.

Verse No.238 in the Chapter Baqareh (the Cow) has always been one of the most controversial and debated verses of the Holy Quran among the interpreters. And finding a concrete example of the Midday prayer which has dedicated a part of this chapter has provoked many a reasoning and controversies. In this article by discussing the ten major offered related sayings, in order to find the concrete instance for the Midday Prayer and also the reason for each individual one, we will criticize and analysis them. After that and in the next stage we will show how none of them can prove its point. As a result the controversies and debates on this verse will remain unfinished and be carried on as always.

One of the subcategories in studying the Holy Quran is the study and survey made in the form and the formalistic shape of the words and the sentences in the Holy Quran. The writers of the present article have focused on the survey of Quran's verbs considering the formal time and the true time. The major concern of this article is; whether in the verbs of the Holy Quran, true time coordinates with the grammatical time or not? For responding to this question first the theoretical points of notice about true time and grammatical time were discussed. Then on the basis of Hans Richen Bach's discussions, the German Linguist, 500 verbs were drawn out from the thirtieth part of the Holy Quran. These verbs were studied and finally the outcomes and results were compiled in the present article

The criticism and interpretation of Hadith is rooted in the Islamic teachings; especially in the domain of both Imam's and other prominent Islamic infallible figures. Quran and the tradition demand hearing the quotes and also paying close attention to them. This is fulfilled merely through the survey of speeches of famous Islamic figures. Although the criticism and interpretation of the text and the original documents of these Hadith is required for any researcher, still considering the fields of theoretical and practical criticism and their related criteria is required as well. This is true regardless of whether these criteria are literary, quoted, or even rational ones. All these can make the practice of criticism much easier.The criteria and touchstones of quoting the Hadith are related to both the validity of Hadith's originality and its text. Sciences such as Derayeh (intelligence) and Rejal (aspiration) were responsible for the practice of criticism. In the criticism of the Hadith's text, relying on these four criteria is necessary and demanded; the literary, quoted, sensational and also the rational. That also depends on the context with which the researcher deals with. Some experts have also added another criterion to these; that is the criteria related to the definite sciences.

Nowadays the interpretation of religious texts and its methods has become one of the most significant issues in Hermeneutics. Since past both Muslims and even non-Muslims have had a variety of different attitudes and methods in the interpretation and paraphrase of religious texts; especially the Islamic religious texts. This article intends to emphasize that for the proper understanding and interpreting of religious texts (both the Holy Quran and the Prophet's tradition), it is indeed necessary to consider the characteristics and attributes of the text owner; especially the major Islamic figures such as the Prophet and the Imams. For reaching this point, these issues are of concern in this article:1.The elements making up the religious texts and its difference with other texts.2.The Prophet's attributes and the necessity of expressing this issue while interpreting a text.3.Correcting the incorrect interpretations (survey and study of some instances), considering the lack of a proper understanding of the Prophet's attributes.

In a famous Hadith, the Prophet has mentioned that women, perfumes and prayer are his three most favorite worldly things. This mysterious and complex hadith has turned to an object for those not so-serious-minded mystics to offer a variety of interpretations on it based on their own individual tastes and likes. In such interpretations, they point to the reasons and elaborate why one of these favorites is preferred to the other ones and furthermore they use it as a mean for showing interest and tendency towards women, having several wives etc.In the historical survey of the mystics attitudes on this hadith, the transformation of their views form a so-called pious mysticism and abandoning its related belongings and letting go of anything not related to God- including woman and also love of mysticism and based on any affection for the creatures- woman are regarded all through as a manifestation of God's beauty.This writing expresses the variety of views which can also be interesting on this hadith. It then concludes that each one of these three issues mentioned in this hadith had led prophet feel more intimate with God. And as a matter of fact, the prophet's tendency and interest in women, perfume and prayer has in other words been his bond and interest in God; in other words a means towards God's intimacy.