نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 48، زمستان 1389)

Recent theories and researches have investigated the role of emotional dysfunction in individuals with anxiety disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and its components and anxiety symptoms in students.This descriptive and correlational research was done during 2009-2010. The sample consisted of 184 master students from three groups of humanities, technical-engineering and basic science of Shiraz University which was selected randomly. Emotional intelligence and anxiety symptoms were assessed by Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), respectively. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression were used for data analysis. There was a significant reverse relationship between the general scores of emotional intelligence and anxiety symptoms (P<0.001). There were significant reverse relationships between emotional intelligence components (clarity and repair) and anxiety symptoms too (P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that clarity of feelings and emotional repair could predict anxiety symptoms.Emotional intelligence is reversely related to symptoms of anxiety and clarity of feelings and emotional repair are capable to predict anxiety symptoms.

Motivational beliefs are a series of personal and social criteria to which people refer in order to perform an action and they include different constructions which are made by different theoretical models such as attribution theory, self-efficiency theory, goal theory and intrinsic motivation theory. The purpose of this study was to examine the effective factors (familial, Individual, academic and environmental) on providing a good model for motivational beliefs of students, Tehran city, capital of Iran. The present research was conducted through survey method and statistical sample comprise 499 high school students including: 282 female (56.6%) and 217 male (43.4%) within the age group of 15-18. These students were selected by proportionate stratified sampling among high school students located in district 1 of Tehran city in 2010. The instruments utilized were Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), The School Attitude Assessment Survey_Revised (SAAS_R), Rotter's internal-external control scale, Researcher designed questionnaire for assessing academic factors, Researcher designed questionnaire for assessing social values and culture and family socio-economic status questionnaire. The data was analyzed through independent sample tests, pearson correlation test and multiple simultaneous regressions. The results revealed that most significant relation between previous mentioned factors and student's motivational beliefs in order include: environmental factors (r=0.440), individual factors (r=0.426) and academic factors (r=0.248) (P<0.01). Familial factors do not have significant relationship with student's motivational beliefs (r=-0.002, P>0.05). The study revealed that there were direct and positive relations between student's motivational beliefs and environmental, individual and academic factors.

Thepurpose of the present project is to compare drawing characters of orphanage children and non-orphanage in draw a family test.Thisis a causal-comparative study which was done in April-May 2009. The sample consisted of 13 girls and 4 boys aged 7-10 in each of orphanage and non-orphanage groups. Orphanage group were selected from boarding house by available sampling and non-orphanage group were selected from Rasht elementary schools randomly. In this project Draw-a-Family Test has been performed by Corman procedure. Thus, the participants were asked to imagine a desirable family and draw it on the paper. Then, each child was asked about the role, age and the feeling of illustrated people toward each other and the character he liked to be instead. Data was analyzed by chi-square test. Results indicated that in content indexes of Drawing-a-Family Test, such as the first drawn person, the biggest drawn person, the child identification issue, the last drawn person, the complete remove person and in drawing indexes of the test such as the extend of draw, the force of drawn lines, draw orientation, the child distance to parent, no significant difference was found between two groups, but there was a significant difference about add new person index between two groups (P=0.039). Orphanage group showed conflicts about the parent, while non-orphanage group had conflicts about the children of the family. According to Draw-a-Family Test, orphanage and non-orphanage children have different conflicts.

One of the main issues in mental health system is the assessment of patients and their carers’ needs. The objective of this study was to determine the validity and the cultural adaptation of the Carers’ Needs Assessment for Schizophrenia (CNA-S) and assessing the needs of families of bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum patients. CAN-S is included 18 items of carers’ needs. After translation, all items of test were discussed between two different focus groups (psychiatrists and families of patients). Then a semi-structured interview according to the final questionnaire was performed in 50 family members of patients (diagnosed bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum) selected by available sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS-17 and descriptive statistical methods, alpha Cronbach's Alpha and Kruskal Wallis tests. No item was omitted or added by each focus group. Based on CAN-S-Farsi version, 79.88% of families of patients considered all of the 18 items as “serious and severe” and 92.84% of them considered at least one of the suggested interventions as helpful for each problem.There was no significant difference among needs of three groups of the family members of patients with diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective except in one item.Cultural adaptation of this instrument could assess the needs and possible interventions for families of patients with severe mental disorder. The questionnaire may be useful for the researcher in future studies as well as professionals working in mental health field.

The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between perceived childhood attachment and adolescent attachment with identity status. This was a descriptive-analytic، cross sectional study. The sample was consisted of 106 females and 104 males’ high school students (15-17 years) in Torbat-e-Jam city، north east of Iran، which was selected through randomized and multistage sampling in 2008-2009. Attachment to parents measured by Attachment to Each Parents Scale and attachment in adolescents measured by Revised Adult Attachment Scale and identity status measured by Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status-2 Version Scale (EOM-EIS-2). Data were analyzed through chi square and liner regression analysis. Findings show that secure، non secure-ambivalence and non secure-avoidance attachment styles had the most effect on the achieved identity، respectively. Non secure-avoidance، non secure-ambivalence and secure attachment styles had the most effect on the foreclosure identity، respectively too. Moreover non secure-ambivalence and avoidance attachment styles (positive relationship) and secure attachment style (negative relationship) had the most effect on the moratorium identity respectively and Non secure- avoidance and secure attachment styles (negative relationship) and ambivalence attachment style (positive relationship) had the most effect on the diffused identity respectively. Findings indicated that there are meaningful relationships between perceived childhood attachment style and identity status and between different attachment styles and identity status in high school students.

The main objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between dysfunctional attitude, spiritual intelligence and their effect on mental health in students of Systan and Baluchestan University in 2009-2010. Our sample was included of 370 students (108 males and 255 females) which were assessed with the Spiritual Intelligence Self‐Report Inventory-24 (SISRI-24), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data have been analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. There are significant positive correlations between SISRI-24 scores and GHQ scores (P<0.01) and significant negative correlations between DAS scores and GHQ scores and between DAS scores and SISRI-24 scores (P<0.01). Based on the regression analysis, both spiritual intelligence and dysfunctional attitudes scores could predict students’ mental health. Students’ spiritual intelligence and dysfunctional attitudes correlate with their mental health.

Ecstasy abuse is one of the risky behaviors. According to World Health Organization, there is a relationship between knowledge and attitude and drug abuse. The purpose of this study was to determine adolescents’ knowledge, attitude and performance about ecstasy in west of Zahedan in 2008. It was a cross-sectional study. Eight hundred 18 years old adolescents residing in west of Zahedan participated in this study. Adolescents’ knowledge, attitude and performance were also determined by a questionnaire structured by the researcher. The questionnaires were filled out by participants after obtaining an informed consent and data was analyzed with some statistical software like SPSS and descriptive statistics methods, statistic tests, analysis and variance. The level of knowledge of most of adolescents about Ecstasy was fair (60.2 %) and most of them (77.4 %) had a neuter attitude toward using ecstasy. Findings regarding adolescents’ performance indicated that 100% of students have not experienced ecstasy through their life. On the basis of these findings, although the level of knowledge of most adolescents towards ecstasy was good and reasonable, lost of awareness was one of the most important reasons related to ecstasy abuse from the points of view of most of them. Therefore, it is recommended that informal educations should be performed in different advertising programs such as short messages, posters and video clips.

Anxiety is the most prevalent emotional reaction of women during labor. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of lavender oil inhalation on level of anxiety during first stage of labor in primigravida women. This clinical trial which was done in 2008, 102 primigravida women was randomly accomplished on three groups. In lavender oil group, subjects inhaled oil by handkerchiefs smeared with oil for 15 minutes, in placebo group, subjects inhaled sweet almond oil for 15 minutes in the same way and in usual caring group, the routine care of maternity ward was done. The rate of anxiety was measured by Spiel-Berger anxiety questionnaire and compared before, immediately, and 60 minutes after intervention in groups. Data analyzed using chi square, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Result show significant decrease in the rate of state anxiety, before and immediately after intervention and before and 60 minutes after it in lavender group compared with placebo and usual care groups (P=0.001). Also there was significant decrease in the rate of trait anxiety, before and immediately after intervention (P=0.021) and before and 60 minutes after it (P=0.049) in lavender group compared with placebo group. Lavender oil inhalation can reduce the rate of state anxiety during labor until 60 minutes after inhaling, so using the lavender oil for reducing the anxiety of women in each time of labor is suggested.