فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی زنان
پیاپی 50 (زمستان 1389)

This paper studies the relationships between through four theoretical approaches: psychological stress, the cost of divorce, and combined and individual liability (selection) ones. We analyzed data of forty years from 1966 to 2006 to study how the unemployment and the divorce rate related in Iran by using time series analysis. The results show that there is a long-run relationship between divorce and unemployment but not for short-run one. This supports the psychological stress perspective which emphasizes on the lag effect on unemployment on divorce.

This research studies the factors which affect the leisure time activities of young female university students regarding its pathological aspects. Our findings show that values and attitudes, life style, the kind of media consumption and the amount of family awareness about the person's leisure activities are among the most important factors which affect the leisure time activities. Moreover the individual factors have had much more effect on the spending leisure time in a sound or a pathologic way comparison with familial conditions. These findings confirm that the influence of family in the socialization process has reduced nowadays and other institutions including mass media have more influential effect on the people's attitudes and behavior.

In recent years, extensive gender changes have occurred in higher education centers and universities that are not merely related to the quantitative changes and there is remarkable growth of female compared to male university students. Thus, the qualitative dimensions of this change have been emphasized by more significant point of views. Therefore, these viewpoints have pursued and analyzed the gross changes with respect to the consequent educational developments. Undoubtedly, a great part of these studies revealed that the female university students, motivation and attachment to education have led to their academic achievements.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the cognitive discriminations in a just world beliefs among males and females. From 17 years old and above males and females in Esfahan habitants, 1577 persons were selected using random multi stage sampling. Research questionnaires were the two eight items questionnaires about just world belief for self and others. Data were analyzed using one sample t test and independent sample t test. Findings showed that there is not significant cognitive discrimination between males and females in beliefs in a just world for self, but there is significant difference in beliefs in a just world for others. The most important finding of this research was the fact that, females are different rather than males in considering to the justice on the basis of equity and deserveness for others and not selves. That is females rather than males, tend to attention much more to equity and justice for others.

The age difference between spouses can affect fertility, family planning, divorce, marital satisfaction, and widowhood. The age difference has relatively been higher in Ardabil province. Using Iran 2006 census data this paper has tried to show and explain the effects of social and demographic factors on the age difference among women aged 15-49 years in Ardabil province. The average age difference of couples was about 5 years and in about 80 percent of marriages women were younger than their husbands. Age, education, employment, place of residence, migration and remarriage had significant relationships with the dependent variable. The relationships can be explained by social, economic and demographic changes.

Most of our understanding of the social world in which we live or the problems that we face are shaped based on the theories and knowledge that have been created by men. Male domination in the area of theorizing and knowledge production excluded women from the process of formal theorizing, so when the “man made theories” were put into action, the participation of women and the essential issues related to them were neglected or undermined. This article aims to put emphasis on the necessity of theorization in the field of women’s issues and tries to integrate (or assimilate) our understanding of feminist theories and gender issues based on a critical view.

in this article at first we review about" theory" as if, gravity center for knowledge and different definitions of it, then, we to problem.Science is anything else "problems" and "subject "is secondary and subsidiary the problems introduce and discuss, graduality, and then, various problems integrated as "unite subject", and brings knowledge. this matter search by centralization on social science and sociology, specially, gender sociology and family sociology, theremove, we centralized on "debatable discussions". debatable discussions are initial point for problem and afford particular in sight for perception of over look or vision and creates a station for research and new problems.