مجله اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 9، زمستان 1389)

This correlational-survery research was conducted with the main objective of investigating viewpoints of farmers of Markazi district of Karaj towards participation in community supported agriculture. The statistical population of the study consisted of farmers in Markazi district of Karaj (N=1598) out of which 117 people were selected as sample using Cochran Formula. In order to enhance the representativeness of the sample, finally the sample size was increased upto 130 farmers. simple random sampling was apllied for the study. The tool of study was a questionnaire which was validated by getting judgment of some experts (faculty members of the Department of agricultural Extension and Education in the university of Tehran). In order to estimate the reliability of the different scales of the questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used. The values ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 which indicated that the tool of study was reliable. The data were analyzed by SPSS-Win. The findings showed that the main motivation of the farmers for participation in community-supported agriculture was to securing financial sources and marketing of their produces. The results of correlation analysis revealed that there were significant positive relationships between the level of interest to receive citizen's financial support with the variables viz., annual income, family labor use and the numbers of citizen's visits to farms at 1 percent level. The same variable was significantly and positively correlated with dependency to residential area and educational level at 5 % level. In addition, the results of Kruskal Wallis test indicated that there were significance differences among different categories of farmers from various residential areas in terms of interest to receive citizen's financial support and tendency to cooperate with citizens of diverse income level, satisfaction level of farming income and the length of plantation at 5 % level.

In current study, an irrigation examination and acquisition of environmental water in Kor-river fields, that is dominated from Doroudzan dam to Bakhtegan Lake, was done by an integrated economy-environmental model. The model was considered by economic, hydrologic and agronomic components. In the economic component, an optimal harvesting of water was done using non-linear programming in two scenarios; with and without environmental water constraint. Solutions from simulation of environmental data in the hydrologic component, was used as initial data in the economic component. In the agronomic component, actual crop yield in wet, normal and dry years was determined using the relationship between crop yield and irrigation water amount. Results showed that, the current allocation pattern of surface water in wet, normal and dry years in Kor-river basin is different from the optimal pattern. Water pricing without considering demand and supply and the absence of water markets in the region can be the causes of this difference. Additionally, optimal cropping pattern of the region was determined by the model that can be taken into account for preservation of surface water resources.

This paper carried out to study determinants of willingness to pay and ecotourism value of Tandoreh natioral park using cross section data of 144 households of Dargaz and Ghochan and contingent value method and logit model in 2008. Results showed that age and entrance offer have negative effect and income have positive effect on willingness to pay for ecotourism in Tandoreh natioral park. Also, average willingness to pay of each visitor for Tandoreh is 2639 rial per visit. Total tourism value of this park is 165.665 million rial. The ecotourism value of this park will provide a tool for policy and decision makers for supporting of quality, investment of tandoreh park and avoiding of degradation of it.

Since about 34% of areas under rice cultivation in whole country is attributed to Gilan; in this study we pay attention to some economical dimensions, especially economic values of inputs in this region. Data were collected from 80 rice producers in 2007-2008. Consider to importance the parametric approach in production structure and factors demand, Applying Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation method, a translog profit function with the factors cost share equation estimated. Finally with Hotteling-Lemma, economic value for every hectare of land and family labor were 16000000 and 200000 (Rial), respectively. Therefore attention to this value can result to increase in profitability of rice production process.

In this research, the comparative advantage of cereals including: wheat, barley and corn in cities of Kerman, Bardsir and Baft was investigated by using Domestic Resource Cost (DRC), Social Cost Benefit (SCB) and Effective Protection Coefficient (EPC) index during 2005-2006 and effect of exchange rate changes, price changes and products costs on comparative advantage, were investigated. Results show that Kerman doesn’t has comparative advantage on wheat production, Baft has comparative advantage on corn production and Bardsir has comparative advantage on barley production. Nominal input protection is positive for all crops. Protection of products market and effective production are positive for wheat, barley and corn.

The main aim of the paper is to determine the marketing efficiency of poultry industry in Karaj. In this research the marketing margin and the marketing efficiency of poultry market in different level of the market in Karaj was calculated. The results showed that slaughter houses gain the main part of marketing margin and marking profit. The share of slaughter house was more that 50 percent. The results also indicated that the share of producers from marketing profit was less than 10 percent. Whereas the ratio of producer price to consumer price was 68 percent. This implies that the production cost is relatively high. Market efficiency was also computed and it was less than one. This means that chicken meat market is operating inefficiently. It was suggested that some policy issues should be taken to improve market efficiency.

The objective of this study is evaluation of government’s optimum combination of policy instruments on per capita consumption of bread and the share of this product in food cost of families in different income classes. The minimization of changes in dead weight loss function is used in this study. By using boot strop method and on base of normal distribution for supply elasticity and demand elasticity, statistical properties of optimum combination of the policy instruments and the welfare outcomes were analyzed. The results of the welfare outcomes in wheat market show that government protects consumers more than producers by using consumption subsidy and guarantee price simultaneously. The optimizations of governments’ policy in wheat market reduce governments’ cost and dead weight loss by reduction in protection from consumers. Results also show that per capita consumption and the share of bread in food cost of families change considerably after using optimum combination policy instruments and the effect of using optimum combination policy instruments on the share of bread in food cost of rural families is more than urban families and for low income classes is more than high income classes.

Export of nonoil goods in economic activities is so important and its effect on economic and comparative growth is undeniable. So, Emphasize on agricultural sector and development of export in this sector prepares good conditions, for Iran, to be present at international markets relying its advantages. The study tries to recognize necessary policies to enhance agricultural export potentialities. To this end, this study investigates determinants of supply and demand of Iran’s agricultural products export from 1965 to 2007 by using Tree-stage least square. The result indicates that shadow exchange rate, relative prices, product quantity, domestic price and dummy variable related to war, are effective variables on demand and supply of exports. Also, price elasticity in long run and short run for export demand are estimated to be -1.83 and -2.12, respectively. And Price elasticity of export supply in short run is 2.17.

Agricultural sector is a developmental domain and id a way for achievement to goals that are anticipated in Iran perspective document. from this view, knowledge management (KM) is critical for starting and continuing this way. This paper investigate on process of applicable and especial knowledge in Agricultural sector (A case study in yazd province). Also ranks stages of knowledge process and their factors in any stage of process. Stages of knowledge process are defined in terms of creating & acquiring, storage & retrieval, share & transfer and application of knowledge. We gather data by studying previous studies, interview & questionnaire the validity of questionnaire have approved by some of universities,s professors, researchers and experts in management and agriculture. we have distributed 196 questionnaires among personnel of Jahad agricultural organization of yazd province. From 196 questionnaire, 160 questionnaire are gathered. Coronbach,salpha showed reliability, 0.8613. results showed that the mean of all 4 stages of Km process, creat & acquire, storage & retraival, share & transfer and application are more than 5 in this sector. According to ranks that obtained by Topsis technique, emphasis of agriculture sector is respectively on share & transfer, application, storage & retrieval and creat & acquire knowledge. And the differences among them are significant with 99% confidence. Totally, this study indicates that primary structure of KM exists in agricultural sector. In this way, continuing and speeding toward documentation applicable-especial knowledge is important for establishing KM completely.

Soil nutrient management with efficient fertilizer use has an important role on maximizing yield and environmental effects. In this study game theory is applied to identify the nutrient proportion for corn production in Kooshkak in Fars province, Iran, in 2008-2009. Cost of fertilizer combinations and production of corn are the players of the game. A goal programming was applied to obtain the optimum fertilizer combination and then these combinations were used as payoffs of the game analysis. Based on the maxi-min criteria, the fertilizer combination of 395.07 kg/ha, was found as game solution, including 395.30kg/ha of nitrogen, 195.60 kg/ha of Super Phosphate and the mentioned combination of fertilizers contains 1050000 rials/ha and the yield is 102000 kg/ha.

Comparison of food prices in different periods, indicates fluctuations and continually upward trend. Any change in agricultural sector variables, as main food supplier, will affect food price. Productivity shocks and production gap are examples of such variables. In this paper, Hodrick Prescott and Kalman filters are used as generators of productivity shocks and production gap series. Also for analyzing the impact of these variables on food prices growth during the 1976-2007 Johansen Cointegration test and VECM Model are applied. Main results indicated that, productivity shocks have a reverse effect while production gap has a positive and significant effect on food price. Also among all surveyed variables, the effect of negative productivity shock on food price is the greatest. Therefore more attention should be paid to management of negative shocks in comparison with positive ones. Productivity promotion and bridging the gap between actual and potential production can lead to control of agricultural prices.

Awareness of consumer reasons during nutrition choice is very important, because this decision directly affect their health. Since beef is one of the essential goods in consumer basket of goods of Iranian households, Exploring of factors that influence consumers purchase decisions and intentions toward imported frozen beefs in East Azerbaijan province – Tabriz city is the purpose of this survey. Present research through identifying affective factors in two categories surveying internal and external factor at conceptual model. Consumers’ viewpoints were collected using probability cluster sampling. Proposed hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling. Results show that external factor has direct and significant influence on consumer perceived quality; also consumer perceived value effect on purchase intention are positive and significant. Factors prioritizing result show importance of slaughter type, price and regarding of sanitary standards, and country of manufacture didn’t gain needed supports.

The Present research accomplished to determination of the trade liberalization effects on Import function of Iran’s wheat crop using time series data from 1357 to 1387 that earn from sources such as agricultural and aerology statistics annual letter, customhouse and Iran central bank website.In this investigation, at first, wheat liberalization index was measured by using Level of International Trade (LIT) and then the effects of LIT was evaluated on mentioned function.In order to checking short run and long run relations between function variables, utilize from Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and method of Error Correction Model (ECM).The estimate of wheat import demand function shows that when trade liberalization occurred, demand for import increased; This increase in long run is more than in short run. Technology advance cause decrease in wheat import request in both long run and short run.

In this paper, we examine relationship between financial intermediary development variables and values added of agricultural sector in Iran during 1352 to 1385. The five indices derived from the banking system as a financial intermediary development indicators, that define in related to the agricultural sector, and with the introduction of statistic methods of factor analysis and its applications, several financial indicators transform to a comprehensive index, and use a cointegration method Engel – Granger, the relationship with financial intermediary development variables and values added of agricultural sector is estimated. Also, using Granger causality test, the Causality relationship between these variables will be evaluated. Results of this study indicate that between financial intermediary development variables and values added of agricultural sector is a direct relationship, but about the causality relationship between them cannot be commented.