فصلنامه پیک نور (علوم انسانی)
سال ششم شماره 3 (پاییز 1387)

Study of political attitudes of college students and its effective factors can prepare an appropriate sight toward problems of college students. The research has studied impacts of gender and value priorities of students on their subjective readiness for political participation (SRPP). The statistical population of research includes all Payame Noor University Students in Hamedan Province, from which 540 cases were selected as a sample via multistage cluster sampling method and so were investigated. The research method was survey and data was collected by questionnaire. Likert Scale was used for measuring SRPP and Inglehart's Twelve-Values Measure was applied for estimating value priorities. Findings imply materialism values domination and necessary readiness for political participation between college students. Horeover gender has neither effect on value priorities nor on their SRPP. Finally the following equation can be used for predicting SRPP of Payame Noor University Students: SRPP = 45. 56 + 3.16 (value priorities).

New sociology of education proceeds higher levels of education namely academic fields and writings, and created in particular social and cultural contexts including specialized academic and social contexts or even the culture and historical times which are wider ones. In this article the new sociology of education and its general concepts are studied.

To reach a rapid and well interaction between learner and teacher, three concepts seem essential as follow: a. Learner’s readability and legibility; b. special characteristic to availablethemes and contexts; c. aesthetic and artistic aspects from shape, space, visualcomposition and unity, balance and contrast viewpoints. In this article some important features of aesthetic criterions in shape and the context of Elearning courses are studied.

Distance education or resource-based Learning approach initiatives have changed Learning process and have taken the challenges of the Information Age. Such education emphasizes the interactions between distance learner and instructional materials. Information Literacy is a potential tool of empowerment for all Learners, guides through a resource-based Learning approach. Information Literacy programs changes the role of teachers and learners. Students engage in self-directed learning activities, and teachers facilitate students’ engagement. Information Literacy is a pedagogical approach that can effectively combat against stereotypes of traditional education, by assisting students in developing critical thinking skills. Thus enabling them to do problem-solving, decision-making, and creative thinking, and that is suitable for active learning. Active Learning method is mainly hands-on learning that emphasizes on increasing students’ skills rather than information transfer to them. From the viewpoint of distance educators, active learning is an important part of distance education. Educators have discussed the importance of incorporating active-learning in distance education environment. Use of new information and communication technologies that consists of synchronous and asynchronous provide possible ways in communicating with the distance education students. The application of new technology requires information literacy skills that must be incorporated into distance education courses. In distance education environment, digital libraries make it possible to provide interaction between learners and library materials, also these libraries can create online tutorials to help the students learn how to use library resources.

In this article we consider to evaluate the probability of the successful random choice in all multiple choice exams. In order to conduct study, all of answer sheets of the courses with multiple choice test were determined. We determined two groups of low and upper students, in region five Payame Noor University. Then the answers compare according to difficulty and discriminative indexes. The results showed better scores of lower group. It has also shown that the negative score had an important role on random selection of choices.

In this study gifted female and male students were compared with normal students on an adapted version of hart’s perceived competence scale. Four different domains of perceived competence were tested namely cognitive competence, social competence, physical competence and general self – worth. The subjects were 50 gifted (25 male and 25 famale) students of exceptional talent’s center and 50 normal students(25 male and 25 female) selected randomly from the third middle school of Urmia. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and analysis of variance. The data indicated that the exceptional talent male students attained signifycantly higher scores than the normal male students on the cognitive and general selfworth subscales, but not on the social and physical subscales. In general, female students differed significantly from male students on the cognitive, social and physical subscales, but not on general self–worth subscale. The results of the study were discussed in terms of Harter’s effectance motivation model.

In this article art education is discussed as a new concept in which artistic researches occur in visual culture. In cultural contemporary life, art education is explained in visual culture framework. Here we talk more detailed aims rather Art. There is more emphasize on the progress of contemporaneous culture lead to more changes of visual culture. Another explanation of visual culture, thereafter, is given. Two final sections of article devote to art curriculum and its landscape in schools and some educational suggestions for art teaching.

The main aim of this study is to find the role of IT (Information Technology) especially computer and internet on the academic achievements of students in grades 2 and 3 of Ardebil’s high schools in years 1384-85. Statistical community includes a 1139 population of all Ardebil’s high school students in control group without workshop and computer, and an experimental group of 577 students having workshop and computer. This study aims to find whether its has any role on student’s academic improvement. The research was done in the years 1384-85 supported by technical organization of Ardebil’s education institute. The main hypothesis is the effect of IT and use of computer in students’ academic achievements. Findings are as follow: the interaction of workshop and gender by amounts of F (F= 10.123) and P (P= 0.0002 < 0.01) in an α (α = 0.01) level was meaningful. It means that with %99 assurance, there is a meaningful difference of academic achievements of students (boys and girls) used computer and information technology and those ones who did not use them. That is the use of computer and internet has an effective role on students average regardless their gender. The final educational average obtained by experimental group is 15.48 and 15.10 for control group.

This study talks about student to teacher index as one of considerable indexes in higher education. There is not much difference in attendance method of Payame Noor University with other countries but a gap is evident in non - attendance method and also the academics number of Payame Noor University with other open universities. According to this, four hypotheses are given: first is the important role of cognition on students’ interest to have higher education in PNU. Beside the influence of cognition on students’ interest, there is also an interaction of cognition and interest in this hypothesis. Being agree with distance education and job satisfaction have a meaningful influence on students’ interests and are discussed in second and third hypotheses. The results of above – mentioned hypotheses show that the educational frameworks of PNU’s distance education must be made known. There shall be also more effort on the promotion of job satisfaction especially on payments and job elevations. The fourth hypothesis includes administrative and regulation constraints of applicants. Data analysis shows two first, employment obstacles are divided to In _ N_ Out university ones from which ministerial laws have meaningful influence here on the latter. Whereas, there isnot a meaningful relation between academic regulations.

Epistemology as one of important branches of philosophy, discusses knowledge nature, subject, sources, and its criterions. Thus teachers face various views about reality and knowledge as results of education. In case of open learning and distance education’s relation with opistemology, some viewpoints and assumptions of epistemology and their effects on important elements of educational system including teacher, student, curriculum and teaching – learning strategies are discussed. In this article more common approaches of epistemology and philosophy through each education descent and their influence on teacher’s viewpoint and functions in this educational system are studied Epistemological approaches include mainly: 1. positivism, 2. interpretivism and 3. critical ones considering the changes of open learning and distance education. Here we study implications of epistemologic viewpoints of curriculum by giving a general scheme of open learning and distance education system.

The aim of this research is to study the relation between Field Dependence and Inedependece styles, cognitive and metacognitive strategies and educational performance of Payame Noor University humanity students. The statistical population included 122 female psychology and educational sciencees students of Tabriz Payame Noor University who selected randomly as a sample via monostage sampling and were asked by Group Embeded Figures test (GEFT) to examine Field Dependence and Independence styles, and also Learning Strategies Questionnaire (LSQ) was used to examine Cognitive and Metacognitive strategies, Multiple regression statistical analysis and Pierson correlation test were used to analize data. The results showed that metacognitive strategy of knowledge and self regulation (warranty, attitude and attention) are the best predictable factors of educational performance whereas some factors including FD/I styles, subjective survey strategie's semantic expansion, organize, evaluation, planning and supervision cannot progress the predictive power meaningfully. All these variables had a high overlap and relation except FD/I styles, knowledge metacognitive and self regulation. There was a negative correlation between FD/I styles with all cognitive and metacognitive strategy variables except organizing metacongnitive strategy. The educational performance had a positive relation with all variables. The relation of educational performance with cognitive and metacognitive strategies was meaningful but not with FD/I styles. Cognitive and Metacognitive variables also had a high and meaningful correlation. In this article educational application and suggestions are being studied in addition to results and findings.

Students’ reaction is different in study and classroom activities. Some of them are eager, some dislike and others refuse it. These reactions have significant relation with success of defeat during learning process. The purpose of this research is comparing the learning and study strategies among successful and unsusccess ful students. This survey has done on a sample of 213 successful and unsuccessful high school students in Mianeh using stratified random sampling. A questionnaire including 30 items was used, and collected data were analyzed to test six hypotheses. Faridman and independent t-test were used to study the relations between the variables. The results indicated that successful students use learning and studying strategies and consider study, study conditions and methods more than unsuccessful ones. No significant differences were found among female and male students regarding using the learning and study strategies.

As we move into a knowledge-based economy where information, knowledge, and learning are key resources, the learning” how to learn” provides a powerful tool for creating organizations ideally suited to the digital age. A holographic organization uses principles to record information in a way that stores the whole in all of the parts. Holography demonstrates that it is possible to create processes where the whole can be encoded in all of the parts, so that each and every part represents the whole. The primary objective of this article is to design a holographic organization that can learn, adapt, create, and change in conjunction with rapid changes in the environment