نشریه مطالعات شهری
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1391)

Dealing with major challenges that many of the regions in Iran are faced with that, it is necessary to analyze the capacity of regional institutions and enforce their abilities. This article, therefore, tries to assess institutional capacity in the studied regions to demonstrate their institutional capacity. The article, also, aims to respond to this fundamental question: what are the appropriate strategies to enforce institutional capacity in Boukan and Orumiyeh counties? In order to reach the above aim and also answer the posed question, the surveying method is used. The paper also applies the strategic planning framework to determine appropriate strategies to enforce institutional capacity in the studied regions. The results demonstrate low institutional capacity in Boukan (by the average 2.46 out of 5). The results also demonstrate medium institutional capacity in Orumiyeh (by the average 3.04 out of 5). The appropriate strategies also include creating legal mechanisms to improve the relationship between institutions, improving the circumstance and necessary and appropriate legal arrangements to improve the performance of institutions, providing the necessary circumstance to enhance the accordance of the national and provincial regulations with their regional counterparts, enhancing the role of technical committees, devoluting of the local affairs to local institutions, creating a legal context for cooperation of existing institutions in regional governing process, improving institutions’ access to knowledge and learning resources, paying attention to viewpoints and wills of local people, and enhancing the institutional abilities.

Dealing with major challenges that many of the regions in Iran are faced with that, it is necessary to analyze the capacity of regional institutions and enforce their abilities. This article, therefore, tries to assess institutional capacity in the studied regions to demonstrate their institutional capacity. The article, also, aims to respond to this fundamental question: what are the appropriate strategies to enforce institutional capacity in Boukan and Orumiyeh counties? In order to reach the above aim and also answer the posed question, the surveying method is used. The paper also applies the strategic planning framework to determine appropriate strategies to enforce institutional capacity in the studied regions. The results demonstrate low institutional capacity in Boukan (by the average 2.46 out of 5). The results also demonstrate medium institutional capacity in Orumiyeh (by the average 3.04 out of 5). The appropriate strategies also include creating legal mechanisms to improve the relationship between institutions, improving the circumstance and necessary and appropriate legal arrangements to improve the performance of institutions, providing the necessary circumstance to enhance the accordance of the national and provincial regulations with their regional counterparts, enhancing the role of technical committees, devolution of the local affairs to local institutions, creating a legal context for cooperation of existing institutions in regional governing process, improving institutions’ access to knowledge and learning resources, paying attention to viewpoints and wills of local people, and enhancing the institutional abilities.

Suitable land locating is one of the most important factors of housing production, since the multifaceted nature of this process is very complex. Using models and software in land locating facilitates decision making and helps in optimum site selection. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the main decision-making methods that works with giving weight to criteria. Using this method criteria and sub-criteria will be classified and finally the best alternative for locating will be selected. In this paper with the goal of facilitating the best land locating for residential space, using descriptive-analytical method, first we explain the process of the method, then the effective criteria in residential land locating will be introduced and the hierarchy tree of criteria will be drawn. The criteria has been set in questionnaire format and distributed between urban studies and housing Experts. The average weight of every criteria and sub-criteria in the way of binary comparisons has been calculated using Excel software. After Prioritization of criteria in AHP method, Realization of criteria Surveyed in 13 Masken-e-Mehr projects as a case study. The necessary information for locating in the questionnaire format has been extracted from Yazd urban organization and then data has been classified and analyzed and finally analytical matrix for locating residential project of Yazd has been drawn.

The process of gender-specification in public urban realms and the ignorance of different characteristics and needs of different groups in societies by urban designers have resulted in the loss of the real identity of these realms. Women are an example of the groups whose needs of attendance in public urban realms and their appointment in interaction with others in order to be efficient members in the society have been neglected. The current research has been formed to depict and present important features of the presence of women in public urban realms by emphasizing their needs. It has to be mentioned that descriptive, descriptive – analytic methods with some library research and also survey method in descriptive – analytic way with field studies as well as observations, interviews and questionnaires as data gathering procedure and SPSS and LISREL as analysis and assessment procedure have been applied in the current research. In the main article in addition to discussing the main topics, the results of them in case of the attendance of women in public urban realms have been presented. The results of this research indicate that designing aspects such as access, security, comfort, along with the phonetic nature, attractions and dynamics, event disclosure, ambiguity in urban public realms, are affective on motivating the presence of women in these realms.

A comprehensive planning of urban transportation to provide an urban necessity, that is commuting, is inevitable. In megacities, the complexity and the potential for disruption are greater; therefore, the urban transportation planning must be effectively managed. The most important transport problems are often related to urban areas and they take place when transport systems, for a variety of reasons, cannot satisfy the numerous requirements of urban mobility. Urban productivity is highly dependent on the efficiency of its transport system to move people, consumers and freight between numerous origins and destinations. In Iran, the history of new transportation systems is limited to the last 50 years and they were established decades after formation of modern urbanism. It is very important that the three factors of transportation, population and urban development perform their roles parallel to each other in communities. Cities in our country and in developed countries may have the same urban and transportation properties but we cannot always deal with their urban problems in the same way. In the past decades, Tehran, the capital of Iran and Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan province have enjoyed a rapid growth in the number of vehicles, and daily journeys have been increasing rapidly. Moreover, most of the journeys and the commuting take place by private and semi-collective transportation and only a few passengers use public transportation. As a result, it is necessary to enhance the culture of using public transportation along with improving its quality. In this study, based on the past history of population and urban transportation of Iran and France as two developing and developed country respectively, urban transportation development in them has been compared. For this purpose, the capitals of Tehran and Paris, as two megacities and two cities of Sanandaj and Rennes in these countries with low population, geography and demographic characteristics have been chosen and studied. The results show that the urban population has increased much more rapidly in developing countries than in developed ones. Undesirable growth of private and semi-private transportation in developing countries has doubled the urban problems. In contrast, public transportation systems and urban railway systems, particularly, in Iran have grown very slowly or insignificantly compared to France. Given the circumstances, it seems, in the coming years, the urban transport system in most of the large, medium and small cities in Iran will have a difficult time for the citizens. In collective transportation systems of our country, we must achieve seven principal factors: higher capacity, higher speed, lower cost, lower energy consumption, using green energy, safety and comfort of passengers. The main feature of urban transport in our country is that direct employment is very high. So it is necessary to modify the current trend of development of transportation with proper investment and also by changing the traditional, cultural and employment patterns. Otherwise, the challenges of traffic, environmental pollution and indiscriminate use of fossil energy would endanger the healthy life of most urban areas.

The rapid increase of motor vehicles and car ownership rates in urban areas has led to serious concerns such as increasing traffic congestion and air pollution. Public transport is an important solution for such problems. However, the current trend of passenger demand for bus shows a decreasing figure for bus market. Discovering such kind of problem is an important research issue. It seems that making public bus system more attractive and viable could increase the share of travelers choosing the bus as a sustainable mode of travel. This paper gives an attempt to survey a sample of passengers attending in all 11 bus transfer points throughout Shiraz Metropolitan area asking them to describe their satisfaction with current public bus system. The primary data was collected using a survey questionnaire. Then, several statistical analyses including correlation analysis, ordinal regression and test of parallel lines were applied to discover the factors affecting passenger satisfaction level. The following factors showed significant roles affecting passenger satisfaction: education level, car ownership, frequency of car use, bus headway and the frequency of bus usage. Furthermore, the analysis showed that frequent bus users were less satisfied with the current level of service confirming the necessity of improving the quality of the system