Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery
Volume:23 Issue: 1, 2013

Uterine Leiomyoma is the most common benign pelvic tumors. There are different and controversial reports on its frequency and related risk factors. This study aims to determine the frequency of uterine fibroids in women who had hysterectomy and surveyed related risk factors in two groups of women with and without fibroids. This descriptive retrospective study was conducted on all women who had hysterectomy from November 1385until March 1386.in Al-Zahra Educational Center in northern city in Iran and also had a pathology report on their medical charts. Demographic data such as age, parity, menstrual condition, history of infertility and hypertension, diabetes, use of OCP were collected from medical charts and data were compared and analyzed in two groups of women with and without fibroids. Based on pathological report from 267 women who had hysterectomy, 56.9% had uterine fibroids and 43.1% didnt have fibroids. According to multiple logistic tests, there was a positive relation between AUB, menstruation duration disorder, history of infertility and risk of uterine fibroids. But there was an inverse relation between history of OCP use, parity, age and risk of fibroids. In attention to study results which indicated a positive relation between AUB, menstrual cycle length disorder and fibroids and an inverse relation with use of OCP, for prevention of fibroids, use of OCP, treatment of menstrual disorder and AUB in high risk women can be effective. Knowledge of these factors may be the Key to proper understanding of the real causes of these tumors and prevention measures of Hysterectomy.

Nurses play a fundamental role on continuity of care and health promotion and affect organizational utilization. Awareness of nurses’ viewpoint on relationship between working shifts and human resource utilization provides the possibility of increasing their utilization and helps managers in achieving their major and crucial mission of increased utilization. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses’ working shifts and utilizing human resources in state hospitals in northwest of Guilan province. This research is descriptive analytical cross-sectional study. Study sample included nurses with a Bachelor degree and higher and 184 nurses were chosen by random stratified sampling method. The tool of data gathering was a questionnaire that its validity was obtained through the content validity by grasping the views of Professors of management and nursing and its reliability was attained through test-retest process. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive – statistical test (One-way ANOVA and student T) by SPSS software. Using one-way ANOVA the results showed that five factors of organizational culture، environmental conditions، motivational factors، enabling and leadership style were significantly affected by working shifts. Among these factors، the factor of organizational culture had the most effect on nurses utilization in the working shifts (p<0. 05). Human resource utilization was highest in the morning shifts and then rotating shifts، evening shifts and night shifts were reported.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the most important chronic diseases in the world that these patients are faced with various physical and psychological stressful factors which leads to decreasing quality of life. Social support by all sources can lead to decreasing problems in CHF patients and increasing quality of life in them The aim of study was to determine quality of life in CHF patients and comparing it with QOL of healthy people and also determine the social support of CHF patients، and measuring the relationship between QOL and social support in CHF patients. This is a correlationalstudy and samples were chosen by simple sampling. For this purpose، 125 eligible CHF patients who referred to hospitals in city of Maragheh، and 125 healthy people were selected simultaneously during a period of ten months. Data were collected using an integrated three part questionnaire including demographics، quality of life، and social support completed by interview. Data after collection were analyzed using SPSS (Ver. 15)، descriptive statistics (Mean. Median، Frequency، Standard Deviation) and Inferential statistics (T-independent test، Chi-square، Exact Fisher test، Pearson correlational test، Multiple Regression. Findings indicated that quality of life was undesirable in 49. 6% and had significant difference with QOL of healthy people(P<0. 0001). In subsectors of quality of life، social dimension was desirable in 83. 2% of patients and showed no significant difference with healthy people، while in physical dimension (63. 2%) and psychological dimension (63. 2%) in most of the patients were undesirable and in most of the healthy people were desirable. Social support in 51. 2% of CHF patients were desirable، and there was a direct and significant relationship between these two variables (p<0. 03، r = 0. 2). In attention to positive relationship between QOL and social support it is suggested that health care planners and managers in addition to increasing instrumental supports، emotional and informational support should be promoted in order to improve patients’ quality of life.

Heart failure is considered to be one of the most common chronic diseases in the world which puts high expenses on health care systems. In order to control heart failure there are a lot of ways; self care is one of them. This survey has been conducted with the aim of studying self-care behaviors and related factors in patients with CHF. This cross sectional study assessed the associations between self- care behaviors and demographic variables in 33 patients who referred to medical & educational center of heart in Rasht city. Data collection instrument included questionnaire covering demographic characteristics and European questionnaire of EHFSCB. Data collected were analyzed using one – way ANOVA، Kruskal Wallis and independent t- tests in SPSS (version 15). The mean age of individuals was 69. 9 ± 19. 9، of which %60. 6 were woman، %57. 6 were married، %57. 6 were illiterate، %66. 7 had poor financial conditions and %90. 9 suffered from other chronic diseases that had the highest percentages such as hypertension %25، diabetes %18. 7. Also the mean of disease duration was 2. 5 ± 1. 6 month. The mean of self-care score was 37. 9 ± 5. 4 and only %6. 1 of individuals had good self-care. The best self-care behavior was related to taking drugs according to doctor’s recommendation، going on low-salt diet & taking enough rest with mean score of 1. 09، 1. 72 1 and 1. 81 respectively. The least self-care behavior taken was daily weighing، regular exercise and injecting flu vaccination (mean of 4. 75، 4. 72 and 4. 72 respectively. Considering a low percent of individuals who had good self-care behavior، it is recommended that more assessed and proper intervention be taken to confront these factors.

Despite the impact of increased abdominal hypertension on organ dysfunction and increased mortality، data on the frequency and its related risk factors in critical care unit does not seem enough. While studies have shown that patients’ intra-abdominal pressure measured at admission to intensive care unit can serve as an independent prognostic factor for mortality and assess impacts of IAH on organ function. This study aims to determine the frequency of increased abdominal hypertension and its related factors in patients hospitalized in ICUs. This cross-sectional، descriptive –analytical study was conducted on 76 intensive care unit patients in one o f the teaching hospitals in city of Rasht. Intra-abdominal pressure was measured every 8 hours for a 24-hour period through a Foley catheter (Korn method). Instrument used consisted of three parts: first part covered personal data (age، gender، Body Mass Index، disease diagnosis)، second part included continuous assessment of organ dysfunction scale (respiratory condition، liver، kidney، hemodynamic، and level of conscious) and third part covered data related to IAH and accompanying variables (mean arterial pressure، abdominal perfusion pressure، peak airway pressure، maximum airway pressure، plateau pressure and positive end expiratory pressure) and demographic data، type of diagnosis، SOFA score، central venous pressure، mean airway pressure was recorded. Findings showed that the frequency of intra-abdominal hypertension was 18. 42percent. Also Step wise regression method showed that the mean arterial pressure of1. 02 times can increase intra abdominal pressure and Abdominal Perfusion Pressure with0. 97 times can reduce intra-abdominal pressure. Intra-abdominal pressure as a factor affecting the performance of other organs in patients in intensive care units is important and it''s recommended that intra-abdominal pressure to be measured routinely in critically ill patients and through this prevent abdominal compartment syndrome and its complications.

The problem that engaged obstetrics & gynecologists was causes of polycystic ovaries (PCO) and one of its important clinical complications is infertility. Laparoscopy has high value and precision in disease diagnosis. This study aims to survey the prevalence of PCO in infertility by laparoscopy and its relation to age، duration and type of infertility in patients referring to Al-Zahra hospital from 2005-2009. This cross sectional study was conducted on 357 infertile women referring to Al-Zahra hospital in Rasht city during 2005-2009 who went through diagnostic laparoscopy. Data were collected from patients’ medical charts and analyzed by descriptive and Chi-square tests. Based on gathered data 47. 1% of sample were 25-35 years old and mean age was 27. 8 years. In 56. 9% of samples the duration of infertility was less than 4 years. 311woman (87. 7%) had primary infertility and 41 woman (11. 5%) had secondary infertility. Findings based on laparoscopy showed the prevalence of left ovary 51%، PCO3. 6% ovarian cyst، 4. 5% adherence and 2. 5% endometriosis from which 0. 3% abnormal and 36. 7% was normal. In right ovary PCO was 50. 4%، 4. 8% had ovarian cyst، 3. 6% adherence، 1. 4% endometriosis، from which 0. 6% abnormal and 38. 1% were normal. There was a significant relationship between PCO and age and prevalence was higher in under 25 year olds (95. 2%) compare to 26. 8% in older than 35 years (P<0. 01) but no significant relation was shown with duration of infertility. In attention to result، PCO had higher incidence in patients referring to this center than other similar studies which shows increase of disease in society. Therefore prospective studies with more samples are recommended which can be a big step toward diagnosis، early treatment and decreased costs which will help economy.

AIDS is the most serious health problem and the most deadly infectious disease in the present century. Emerging of disease and lack of sufficient awareness about the disease can easily expose the adolescents to the risk of disease. Increased knowledge and change in inaccurate beliefs and behaviors are the best way for prevention of disease. This study was conducted to determine knowledge and attitude of high school students in Bonab city regarding AIDS. In this cross sectional study، 176 high school students in Bonab city were chosen by two-stage cluster sampling method. Data was collected through a three-part questionnaire (including demographic characteristics، 23 items to assess knowledge and 9 items for attitude). The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity and Cronbach''s alpha. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using independent t test، chi-square، ANOVA، Scheffe test and Pearson correlation statistical tests. Findings of study in relation to knowledge showed that the mean score of knowledge about nature of disease and preventive approaches، (5. 25±1. 82)، awareness about the transmission ways، (9. 09±3)، and the general awareness of the disease was moderate (14. 34±4. 23). Two variables of father''s occupation (P=0. 018) and having previous knowledge about the disease (P=0. 000) were correlated with the awareness of students، so students who had the lowest scores had unemployed fathers. Although the majority of students were in moderate level for knowledge there were misconceptions about AIDS and the transmission ways of disease among students. Results showed that the mean of attitude scores was 24. 2±5. 67 and the majority of them had a good attitude towards the disease. Variables of father''s occupation (P = 0. 03) and mother''s occupation (P=0. 02) showed significant results with the attitude scores. Knowledge and attitude scores of students also were correlated positively together (r = 0. 41 and P = 0. 000). Although the knowledge level of students seemed to be moderate، there are misconceptions and unfavorable attitudes about the routes of transmission that should be corrected. We propose to develop strategies to reduce the risk of HIV in schools. Efforts should be intensified to change attitude and performance among the high school students in Bonab.

Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis which disturbs one''s function through its destructive effects on mind، behavior and personal interaction. More than 70% of schizophrenic patients are living with their families. Lack of correct cares of caregivers causes repeated and decreases patient’s physical and mental abilities. Studying the weal points of caregivers'' attitudes can provide the physical and spiritual comfort to patients. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of care givers of schizophrenic patients referring to Kerman Shahid Beheshti hospital regarding their method of caring for patient at home in 2005. In this analytical and descriptive study، 196 care givers of schizophrenic patients were selected by convenience sampling during a period of five months. For data gathering، a two-part researcher- made demographic (patient and caregiver) questionnaire was used. Data were gathered by structured interview and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistic tests such as T-test and One-way ANOVA. Findings showed mean score of caregivers'' attitude was 14. 39 (SD=1/8) which is a moderate and positive attitude. There was a statistically significant relationship between mean score of caregivers'' attitude and patient employment (p<0. 04) and level of education (p<0. 001) and also between mean score of caregivers'' attitude with his job status (p<0. 03)، instruction history of caregiver (p<0. 01) and caregiver''s economic status (p<0. 001). Based on moderate attitude of caregivers about method of caring، it can be said that they have the motivation for proper care giving. Caregivers'' attitude can be elevated through public and family education regarding home care using public media and mass communication tools.