فصلنامه پژوهش در نظام های آموزشی
پیاپی 22 (پاییز 1392)

Introduction and Product-orientation to evaluating religious educationcan cause serious damage to religious education and deviating it from the intended goals. This research focuseing on the the issue that to what extent the product-oriented approach evaluating religious education is justifiable based on Quran verses and rationale arguments. Besides the rationale arguments extracted from related literature, some Quran verses, as original and valuable Islamic documents were categorized and analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. The four categories of Quran Verses and some rationale arguments show that product oriented approach to evaluating religious education is inconsistent with religious nature and thegoal of religious education. Evaluation of religious education should focus process oriented approach rather than product oriented one. In this sense Process oriented approach means to inspect and trace the movement in correct religious way rather than investigating the process of achieving intended product.

Social health is one of the new concepts in social since which have recently received much attention in Iran and the world. Some of the social scientists believe that there is a kind of summation of society situation under this new concept and because of being vast it can be a good analytical tool for sociologists, social pathologist and planners. On the other hand educational system is an important subsystem in each society which covers some social health parameters and at the same time is connected to some other parameters of social health; it can be the axel of educating staff and form the process of new generation's socialization. In this study the researches and writings about education system and social health elements have been studied by using Metaanalysis.

The boarding schools in poor & rural districts accommodated some students with a pre-planned curriculum and purposes. In order to remove the weaknesses and to boost the strengths in these schools, we can evaluate those curriculum and the functions of the teachers along with a clear image of students’ academic status and their lives. The participants are 73 students and 15 teachers in two girl boarding schools in the Alborz provinace. These two schools were selected through jujmental sampling among seven girls’ boarding schools in this province with a total number of 609 students at secondary level. The instruments in this study were researcher -made questionnaire and survey; the given data were categorized and summarized in terms of their precision level and were described hence. Findings have shown that providing food supplies for students and the need to give attention and personal health all require the more efforts of the officials. Meanwhile, the executive programs in boarding schools failed in providing the ground for the ways students could spend their free times and training the human resources among the local students required for the poor and rural districts. In addition, there are still shortcomings in performing the sanitary programs and extracurricular programs especially the pedagogical one.

Nowadays, there is more emphasis on employee's roles in changing and improving organizations. Suggestion system is one of the most important means that is used for chasing the role playing of employee and their ideas and initiatives. But employee's intention to submit a suggestion is the key factor. Unfortunately, there is rare research about the employee's intention to submit a suggestion and the influencing factors. So, this research by using survey- descriptive method and developing the theory of planned behavior, investigate the influencing factors on employee's intention to submit a suggestion. The conclusions of research showed, although there is a significant relation among self-identity and proactive personality and employee's intention to submit a suggestion but self- identity has more effects on it.

Current approach to leadership in school highlights multiple leaders and power distribution in school instead of just one source of power and leadership. This approach is labeled as "distributed leadership". Educational researchers are now emphasizing on its important consequences not only for principals and school but also for the teachers. "Organizational citizenship behavior" as a one of the most important teacher-related consequences, is neglected in their empirical attempts. Current descriptive study tries to fill this gap through investigating the role of distributed leadership in teachers, principals organizational citizenship behavior of teachers. A representative sample including 360 teachers and 52 principals of Kraj primary schools have participated in the study and have completed distributed leadership and organizational citizenship behavior questionnaires. The reliability and construct validity were calculated. Research questions were responded using Pearson correlation coefficient and standard multiple regression. Results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between distributed leadership and organizational citizenship behavior dimensions. Also the results of regression analysis showed that dimensions of distributed leadership have significant explanation for all of organizational citizenship behavior dimensions. Results of this study draw attention to the importance of distributed leadership and organizational citizenship behavior as an important teacher-related consequence. Some implications were proposed in the final section of the article for policy makers, principals, teachers and researchers.

How Learners achieve learning? Do they learn what they must learn? Do they understand what they have learned? Educational theories have faced us with different frameworks to clarify and explain this problem. Have they been successful? Why do our teaching and learning take different paths? What is the reason of misunderstandings which troubles the teaching process? We cannot reach conceptual dominance of this problem unless we respond to the question that how people and learners achieve understanding or in more specific terms, how they create the meaning. At the starting point, we are faced with four main streams in this field: conceptual psychology that puts education in the realm of culture; dialogical psychology which formulates education in the interaction of language and formulizes it as a dialogical issue; Social-cultural and social-linguistic studies which believe that linguistic structures and social ones are intertwined in such a way that to be involved in teaching. The focus of all these issues is the narrative understanding. The narrative understanding as a linguistic issue impacts the understanding and in fact it is believed that education is formed in the framework of language. Language as a cultural element and as an element of the concrete manifestation of culture highlights its prominent role in human interaction. When language starts speaking its language is narrative language. Therefore, when enters the understanding realm, it sets the base of understanding. The narrative understanding forms the meaning-creation foundation. Language attempts with the use of metaphorical conceptualization and the narrative metaphor, collects the scattered phenomena together and in the complicated process of synchronized and desynchronized movement of language formulates the narrative understanding and constructs the meaning.

The porpoise of this study is to determine the effect of student's occupation on their academic achievement. The society was all the Payamnoor student in Bastak. 98 students were selected randomly among them. Theoretical framework used in this study was Bourdieu & Colman. The method was survey and the tool was questioner. The date were analyzed by spss. the result showed that there are significant relation between age, marriage, occupation, locus of living, studying time, the interval between school and college, family income and academic achievement but there was not signing cant relationship between gender and academic achievement.

New era government are going to use different tools for establish efficient diplomacy. In the current century as a country if you want to have a gooddiplomacy and good prestigious among the others, you must extend your interactional tools. One new dimension of diplomacy is utilizing university communication or higher education diplomacy which is intended by the writers. Then it is attempted to investigate the role of higher education in relation between Iran and Europe Union according to constractivism. The main questions are these: what is the current situation of Iran and Europe Union relation in higher education diplomacy and university relationships? And what effect can this kind of diplomacy has on Iran and Europe Union relationship.

Academic achievement of medical students is effective in public health. the aim of present research was to study the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy based on rational-emotional approach of Elis on locus of control and academic achievement in medical students. The present research was quasi-experimental method with pre – post test, fallow up and control group. The sample consisted of 60 medical students in Jondi Shahpoor medical science university who were poor in academic achievement and unaccepted for 3 semesters. 30 students with external locus of control were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n=30). Eight sessions of group cognitive-behavioral therapy based on rational- emotional approach of Elis was administered one hour per week. The instruments were Rotter external-internal locus of control and academic achievement. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between two groups in academic achievement and locus of control (p<0/001). Group cognitive-behavioral therapy based on rational-emotional approach was effective on locus of control and academic achievement in medical students. These results were consistent in follow up period. Group cognitive-behavioral therapy based on rational-emotional approach increased the internal locus of control and academic achievement in medical students.