مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال هفدهم شماره 118 (هفته چهارم مهر 1393)

Researches have shown that body weight composed fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) is related with bone mineral density (BMD). This study was performed with the aim to determine the relationship between FM and LBM with BMD of femur neck in active and non-active postmenopausal women. This correlation descriptive study was performed on 12 active and 12 non-active postmenopausal women in 2011. FM and LBM and BMD of femur neck of the subjects were measured by DEXA. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Smironov-Kolmogrov test، Pearson correlation test، and multiple regression. P ≤ 0. 05 was considered significant. There was significant relationship between FM with BMD of femur neck in non-active postmenopausal women group (r = 0. 713، P = 0. 009). Also، there was significant relationship between FM and LBM with BMD of femur neck in active postmenopausal women (r=0. 624، P=0. 03 and r =0. 793، P=0. 002). In active postmenopausal women، LBM can be considered as strong predicting of BMD of femur neck، but FM is just as determinant factor of BMD of femur neck in non-active postmenopausal women.

Breast cancer is always one of the most important difficulties in women''s health that causes serious physical، mental and economical harms for the patient and her family. Nowadays، molecular therapies have been considered by the researchers. Used drugs act through different molecular mechanisms and prevents from breast cancer developing; a lot of proteins play a role in these mechanisms including melatonin has a specific role. For this reason، recognizing melatonin functions and executive mechanisms، related genes and orientation with melatonin news and also its benefits in breast cancer will help us to design new and efficient molecular methods in treatment and management of breast cancer. This study was performed with the aim to review recognized mechanisms by melatonin in breast cancer treatment till now. To open access the articles، we searched from valid internal and external databases. For research formula، at first، we determine main key words، then equivalent terms were identified، and using appropriate operators، the formula was developed. The results were screened and the relevant articles were selected. Finally، 55 articles about breast cancer molecular biology and Melatonin function mechanism were selected and based on them، the review was done. The wide function domain of Melatonin in breast cancer includes induction of apoptosis، telomerase and inhibition of epidermal growth factor bridle in breast cancer، cell cycle inhibition، stimulation of immune system to destroy cancer cells، repair of damaged DNA، the regulation of daily and seasonal rhythm and also angiogenesis inhibition. The role of melatonin as an oncostatics and oncocytotoxic factor leads to believe melatonin application as a supplement factor in breast cancer treatment. The safety of Melatonin along with its benefits introduces it as a suitable candidate to improve treatment methods for breast cancer patients.

Nausea and vomiting occur in 70-85% of pregnancies which can be reduced by psychological support and some changes in the diet and lifestyle. With advances in technology، telephone is the most accessible option for the majority of people. This study was performed with the aim to determine the effect of telephone support on the severity of nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy in the primiparous women.

This clinical trial was performed on 60 pregnant women referred to the selected Health Care Centers in Mashhad in 2013. In the experimental group، telephone support was performed by the researcher for 15-20 minutes twice a week for four weeks. Control group only received routine care. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire، checklist to record phone calls، checklist to train the subjects with nausea and vomiting، and Modified Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16)، and Chi-square، Independent t، Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. P<0. 05 was considered significant.

Mean score of nausea and vomiting was significantly different in experimental and control groups after intervention (P=0. 028). The mean score of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in the experimental group were significantly different before and after intervention (p<0. 001). However، no such significant difference was seen in the control group (P=0. 272).

Telephone support reduces the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. So it is recommended as an accessible and effective approach.