مجله پژوهش های بوم شناسی شهری
پیاپی 6 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

In recent decades due to growing prices of fossil fuels and environmental pollution as a result of increased energy demand in renewable energy research and study has been considered by researchers. Resource constraints and environmental investments in the electricity sector، including key issues that will affect the process to minimize cost and environmental impact has always been regarded experts. Environmental protection and energy security of the electricity produced by power plants solar power acts emphasized. Iran has a warm climate is semiarid due to the special geographical location and orientation on the radiation belts and desert، The more central parts of the country، especially those are with a clear sky. This increase in sunshine hours and radiation from these regions than in other parts of the world. Therefore study in the construction and deployment of solar sites in the regions of the country can achieve clean energy for residents. This paper uses the capabilities of GIS and models to predict the overall radiation، sunshine hours and the amount of radiant energy receivedin Ardekan township villages. Calculated for each of the months and years، where 7/ 7hours sunny day and average 5/3 solar radiation of more than kilowatt hours per square meter per day were suitable for solar construction sites were identified. And for embedding solar panels priority direction is south and southwest in this place، respectively.

In this research through applying Terjung method، climatic parameters of average max and min temperature، average max and min relative humidity، average sunshine hours، and average wind speed of 4 synoptic and 14 climatology stations during 16 years statistical period (1994/3/21-2011/3/20) for each month of the year has been used to evaluate Semnan province human bioclimatic، also Arcmap and AutoCAD map software is used to prepare region maps in different months regarding to height gradient and buffering. The result of this survey indicates that most of the stations located in south، east، and west of the province in months Farvardin (March20-April 19) and Aban (October 22-November 20)، and north provincial stations in months Ordibehesht، KHordad، Shahrivar، and Mehr (April 20 until June 20، and August 22 until October 21) are in relief confine. Due to dominance of massive climatic phenomena on country''s atmosphere and therefore on province، the number of bioclimatic types decreases in cold months. On the other hand when warm months of the year begin the role of massive climatic phenomena decreases and local factors dominate، and therefore the type number increases.

Using of land and natural resources، without considering the environmental and ecological potential، cause the adverse effects and environment degradation. Geomorphic forms and processes are the prevailing natural features and disasters that have caused damage to the humans and the environment via theirs properties. This study investigates the suitable positions of urban settlements development in the Yasouj according to geomorphic forms and processes. In this regard، according to region''s natural characteristics، 5 criteria، 15 sub-criteria and 84 classes were identified in order to achieve goals. First، layers slope، aspect، elevation classes، lithology، settlement density، distance from settlement، landuse، road density، distance from road، fault density، distance from fault، density river، distance from river، rainfall and temperature were prepared via basic maps of Yasouj، and were analyzed. Then، these factors were evaluated and were weighed by AHP model. At the end، their raster layers were integrated by Arc GIS 10 software، and final map of urban settlements development in the study area were drawn. Finally، to confirm the results، the final map was evaluated with the current map of the city Yasouj comparatively. The results show that among the effecting factors، sub-criteria of slope، lithology and distance from settlement، with weights of 0. 205، 0. 129 and 0. 104،have been identified as the most important factors in the site selection of Yasouj urban settlements، respectively. According to final map، about %13. 46 (37. 56 Km2) and %24. 44 (68. 406 Km2) of the study area are very suitable and suitable for the development of urban settlements، respectively.

The city، inseparable part of the lives of citizens. An urban man as much about the language and culture is the need for education about the city and how to manage and protect the environment also need education and learning. In the context of this study، to develop strategies for the development of environmental education with the participation of 55 experts and professors with expertise in the field of environmental education issues and complete the SWOT matrix، little strategic planning، known as the results of the strategies to be key to QSPM be used in the development of Iran. The results show that the strategy (PSM assistance of non-governmental organizations in the field of environmental education for all citizens) as the main strategy was introduced on the highest rating.

Purpose of this study Evaluation Proportion Land For rapeseed cultivation Level Province Mazandaran are based on the Research Present of Data Climate 28 Synoptic stations and climatology Level Province of at Establishment Until Was created in 1390 For Performance Analysis of Three Index Needs Temperature (mean Annual Degree، Heat Average Minimum Degree، Heat Average Maximum Degree، Heat Temperature Bud Woman and Temperature، Flowering Index Needs Precipitation (mean Precipitation، Annual Precipitation، Fall، Precipitation، Winter، Precipitation Period Growth and Flowering and Precipitation Period Handling and Index Other Needs Climate (temperature Day Growth، Hours Sunny، Glacial and Moisture، Relative) Use The a Because Different Be Scale Size The Data Statistical Other Needs Climate Of Method Score Standardization Data Use Was. Methods This descriptive - analytical، so that the documentary method (library search)، to collect raw data and theoretical research and study records and data from synoptic stations and land suitability assessment process provided climatology was. to Manner General Results Decomposition and Analysis Climate Time Be Generalization to Sea Widespread Will Was That With Use of Methods Interpolation Data Spot to Data Sea Conversion Be to The same Reason Of Method Interpolation IDW at Environment GIS For Measurement Proportion Land For cultivation Canola at Area Case Study Use The and the final map was produced. The analysis results showed that most of the lands have moderate limitations and low lands have no limitations area

With all the importance of water in the economy Iran is، every year floods volumes high of waters and Prolific soils of the country and access out to the desert، lakes and seas Delivers. the hydrological model can be structured according to the basin and operating characteristics affecting desired interaction phenomena and its behavior show with reasonable approximation. However، using different experimental models in the esteem at ion of runoff washbasin associated with many problems. Why regional analysis in flow، with an estimated return period specified by the physiographic an climatic chara cteristi chase wide application. In this study data from five sub basin the monthly precipitation and discharge in the river basin kashkan scale With good dispersion in the basin are is. Runoff generated from the multivariate regression modeling has been at tempted models for evaluating models developed using. A number of criteria and indicators in clouding، correlation coefficient، standard error، the relative error of estimation and verification، the mean absolute percentage error، Relative mean squared، error squares Square of the mean square error، the average absolute error is used. Results the multiple regression shows the I all period return Different the original factors Runoff Production factors maximum monthly rainfall، Area، time to focus، Coefficient Compaction are.

Cities forward to develop upon dangerous natural-infrastructures، while there is lack of proper and immediate urbanism law and provision. This condition، moreover to that exceeds the amount of these kinds of dangers، leads to make the most possible victims because of civil population concentration. This process suggests it is serious to determine the dangerous areas and plan for preventing development into the dangerous areas; because determining safe civil areas cannot be applied by the automated civil growth and the intentional targets of house-building dealers. For this reason، this research –using descriptive and analytic method- is seeking to survey Birjand’s physical civil growth and how this city is developed into dangerous areas، and then spots controlling and directing condition of building development growth. The research has been applied by descriptive and analytic method and the results show that not also the physical civil growth has been intensified، but if the civil population concentration has been increased after upgrading the city to province center، while this concentration is distributed without regarding dangerous factors and areas. Therefore، targeted and legal intervention to direct house-building path and refining executive solutions for minimizing damages and victims seem necessary.