فهرست مطالب آذین آیت اللهی

Recently, the cases of dermatophytosis have increased sharply, which is associated with frequent reports of chronic cases of the disease, uncommon skin manifestations, and treatment failure. Cases of emergence of resistant species in other geographical areas such as Denmark, Switzerland, and China, Belgium, Germany, Japan, Iran, Finland, Switzerland, France, Iraq and Bahrain are also known. Antifungal drug susceptibility testing for dermatophyte species has not yet been standardized. Antifungal Susceptibility Tests (AFST) are used to determine the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a specific drug in laboratory conditions with the aim of predicting whether a patient will respond to standard antifungal treatment or not. In the continuation of this article, we gave an overview of the antifungal sensitivity test, including its strengths and weaknesses and its role in helping to make therapeutic decisions.

Recently, many Iranian companies have started manufacturing hyaluronic acid based dermal fillers. Current review aimed to assess and compare the clinical safety and efficacy of 5 Iranian hyaluronic acid based dermal fillers.

The first part of the study reported, the overall safety and efficacy of 5 Iranian hyaluronic acid based dermal fillers for improvement of nasolabial folds in 150 participants (age 44.30±9.97 years) using clinical and objectives assessment methods. In the second part, we performed a comparative study among 5 tested dermal fillers.

Generally, at weeks 2, 12, and 24, 80.6%, 63.3%, and 60.66% of the participants, showed one grade or more improvement in the severity of nasolabial folds respectively. In all visits, the nasolabial folds biophysical parameters as well as the echo density dermis improved significantly compared to baseline. In comparative study, two fillers with the hyaluronic acid concentration of 24 mg/ml, showed the best objective efficacy, while in clinical evaluations, the filler containing mannitol has the best performance in reducing the severity of nasolabial folds showed.

Iranian hyaluronic acid based dermal fillers showed different levels of safety and efficacy for improvement of moderate to severe nasolabial folds, with efficacy.

Candida albicans have the ability to colonize living and non-living surfaces and form biofilms that are very resistant to common antifungals. The present study was designed to evaluate the fungicidal activity of itraconazole on Candida albicans biofilm.

The present study was conducted on 10 nail samples. Routine mycological and molecular tests were performed to identify and determine the type of fungus. Biofilm was formed in the 96-well plate and was subjected to the itraconazole. ROS accumulation was measured. ROS levels were determined in biofilms treated with itraconazole in the presence of antioxidants.The minimum inhibitory concentration of itraconazole was measured in the presence of ascorbic acid (10 mM) according to the protocol of the previous step. Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit was used to investigate the possibility of apoptosis induction following itraconazole use. 

Mann-Whitney showed a significant difference between biofilms treated with itraconazole and untreated biofilms for 10 tested strains. Treatment with itraconazole resulted in a significant reduction in the number of biofilms. Ascorbic acid significantly reduced ROS accumulation caused by itraconazole for biofilms of all Candida albicans strains. The findings show that itraconazole induces ROS-dependent apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in biofilm cells.

In this study, it was found that the presence of intracellular ROS is the main cause of the apoptosis mechanism of itraconazole. The ability of itraconazole to induce ROS in Candida cells appears to be a very effective fungicidal strategy.

Tinea capitis is the term used for scalp infections caused by dermatophyte fungi. Tinea capitis is common in children and is less common in adults.

The case was a 9-year-old girl with itchy patches of alopecia on the. The patient had a cat as a pet. On examination, the patch of hair loss was itchy and the hair shaft was broken and scales were mild. In the examination with Wood's lamp and direct microscopic examination, the ectothrix infection was deagnised. According to the dermatologist's opinion, a terbinafine 50 mg was prescribed daily. However, no significant improvement was observed despite 4 weeks of terbinafine. As a result, the dose of terbinafine treatment was changed from 50 mg to 250 mg per day. After 6 weeks of treatment, the clinical manifestations of the patient improved significantly.

After ringworm is confirmed microscopically, choosing the most appropriate antifungal treatment depends on determining the fungal species by culture. Therefore, when choosing empiric antifungal agent therapy, a dose of 250 mg terbinafine may be a good choice for children.

Dermatophytosis are micro-organisms which can lead to skin diseases. In rare occasions they can have atypical skin manifestations, which could result in delay in diagnosis.  

 A 20-year-old Iranian boy was referred to our center with a 5-month history of circular, symmetrical, itchy crusted skin lesions on his groin. Direct microscopy, culture test and PCR-sequencing of ITS regions of the rDNA gene were conducted and showed T. indotinea as the causative agent. Based on antifungal susceptibility test oral pulse therapy with itraconazole 100 mg twice daily for 1 week combined with topical clotrimazole cream for 1 month was initiated, which cleared the lesions.

This case report is of significance since T. indotinea produces atypical skin lesions, as well as, multidrug resistance to antifungal agents.

Diode 1470 nm laser is a minimally invasive laser used for skin lifting and tightening. It can reduce laxity and excessive fat tissue. Three patients with facial fat lump due to past facial fat injection treated by this laser in one session.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using saliva instead of serum (as a simpler method without the need for blood sampling) to determine the level of some cytokines and enzymes. In this study, the levels of cytokines IL10, IFN-Y, TNF-α, TGF-β and the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in the saliva and serum of three patients with alopecia totalis by ELISA. Comparison of the levels of these substances in saliva samples at 5 am, saliva at 11 am and serum at 11 am with Friedman test did not show a significant difference. Therefore, saliva samples may be a good alternative to serum in the study of immunological factors.

Leprosy is an infectious disease which primarily affect skin and peripheral nerves. Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis that are the acid-fast bacillus are known to be cause of leprosy. Genetic factors and immunological function have some roles in susceptibility of developing leprosy. There are some cases of familial leprosy.

 Here in, we report a case of familial leprosy which in one member it was symptomatic and others were asymptomatic with positive skin smear for mycobacterium leprosy bacilli.

We recommend in addition to approach and manage lepromatous patients, their families be also evaluated.

Onychomycosis is a common nail disorder. If left untreated, it may cause nail deformity and nail plate dystrophy. Since nails have aesthetic importance, onychomycosis may have some impact on quality of life by causing a change in the appearance of nail and/or nail dystrophy and by interfering with fine activities carried out by hand. The aim of this review is to evaluate the quality of life in patients with onychomycosis.