فهرست مطالب الهام سرحدی

Neuropathy is one of the most prevalent side effects of type II diabetes mellitus. This disorder is an early complication in type II diabetic patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of neuropathy among subjects with type II diabetes.

The present descriptive-analytical study was carried out on a total of 195 patients with type 2 diabetes in Zahedan, Iran, in 2018 using systematic sampling. To determine the severity of neuropathy, the nerve and muscle measurement tests of electromyography and nerve conduction velocity were performed. Neuropathy was categorized into three sensory, motor, and autosomal groups. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).

The results of the present study showed that the overall prevalence of neuropathy in diabetic patients referring to the diabetic clinic was 42.1% (n=82). Regarding the distribution of neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Zahedan, 72% (n=59), 24.4% (n=20), and 3.7% (n=3) of the patients were diagnosed with sensory neuropathy, motor neuropathy, and autonomic neuropathy, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the studied variables, such as age, disease duration, blood sugar, triglyceride, and hypertension, with the type of neuropathy.

According to the obtained results, the prevalence of neuropathy has been increasing in diabetic patients; therefore, special health planning is required to control diabetes for the reduction of the complications of the disease. It is recommended to provide access to periodic screening methods for patients and individuals at risk with positive family history, previous cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and age of over 30 years. In case diabetes can be better controlled, the associated side effects can be decreased, which in turn can reduce the effects of disability and treatment costs

Pain is one of the complications of electromyography. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of acetaminophen-oxycodone and lorazepam on the pain caused by needling in electromyography. 

In this clinical study, 150 patients were divided into three groups (receiving lorazepam, acetaminophen and placebo). Pain was measured by visual analogue scale.

There was no significant difference between acetaminophen and lorazepam groups.

there is no difference between lorazepam and acetaminophen on the pain induced by electromyography.

Luteolin is an important plant extract. This shows anti-inflammatory, inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis. Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Also metastasis is widespread in this kind of cancer and late diagnosis is a cause of patient's death. Cofilin, actin and nucleoside-diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are important in cell death and metastasis. In this study the effect of luteolin on MKN-45 gastric carcinoma cells was evaluated.
At first the cells were cultured and then for 48 hours were cultured with the drug concentration. Then the cells where collected and their protein were extracted and analyzed using 2D electrophoresis and separated on the basis of their molecular mass and PI. After that these samples were used for determine the amino acid sequence by MOLDI-TOF.
The growth rate of MKN-45 inhibited under influence of luteolin, this means increasing Apoptosis. Based on the results presented here by identification of protein spots by MOLDI-TOF mass spectrometry the expression of three protein cofilin, actin and NDPK has been decreased by luteolin.
It seems that the anti- tumoral effect of luteolin is expressed through three proteins cofilin, actin and NDPK in gastric cancer cells

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between vernalization requirement and phenological development with expression of low-temperature (LT) tolerance in two bread wheat cultivars acclimated under both controlled and field conditions in cold and temperate climates of Iran. Two bread wheat cultivars (MV17and Shahryar) with different vernalization response and phenological developments were planted under field conditions at Zanjan Agricultural Research Station in cold region and Karaj Agricultural Research Station، Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in temperate zone of Iran in the autumns of 2009. LT tolerance، as measured by LT50، stage of phenological development، as estimated by final leaf number and shoot apex developmental morphology were determined during the autumn and winter seasons. Second set of experiments were conducted under controlled conditions. Norstar (winter wheat) and Azar2 (facultative wheat) cultivars were subjected to cold acclimating temperature (2°C) over a period of 0-89 days and LT tolerance and vernalization fulfillment were measured at various acclimation periods. Results of field experiments showed that winter habit ‘cv. MV17’ and facultative ‘cv. Shahryar reached their maximum LT tolerance at LT50= -19ºC and LT5 = -16ºC، respectively، at the point of vernalization fulfillment in Zanjan. While، maximum LT50 of MV17 and Shahryar cultivars were -12 and -8ºC in Karaj temperate region، respectively. The level and trends of LT tolerance were different for two cultivars in two different regions. Double ridge was formed very late in plants acclimated in Zanjan cold region. Delay in the vegetative to the reproductive transition in winter wheat cv. MV17 grown in cold region maintained plants for a longer time in the vegetative stage and caused increased level of LT (LT50= - 19oC). While plant development to advanced stage reduced the ability of cv. MV17 in Karaj temperate region to acclimate to LT with LT50 of about -16oC. Similar results were observed for LT50 of cv. Shahryar (facultative wheat). with LT50 of about -16oC in Zanjan as compared to LT50 of about -12oC in Karaj supporting the regulatory role of developmental traits in the expression of LT. Results of experiments conducted under controlled conditions showed that cv. Norstar (winter wheat) had a longer vernalization requirement (between 35-42 days) than Azar2 (facultative wheat). Maximum level of LT was achieved about the same time as vernalization fulfillment occurred in both cultivars. It is concluded that both the acclimation conditions of regions and plant development had major influence on controlling of LT in bread wheat cultivars.