فهرست مطالب حسین غفاری خلیق

The red bean Ofogh cultivar introduced to Iran in 1994 under the name of Line D81083 from the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and was evaluated in several experiments with breeding, agro-techniques, plant protection and onfarm aspects. This cultivar with grain yield of 2324 kgha-1 had 11% higher yield compared to the Goli check cultivar in evaluation of adaptability of red bean cultivars in Khomein region. Based on its grain yield and also due to early maturity, plant stand type, excellent grain size and good marketing this line was selected for further studies. Ofogh cultivar had the lowest yield reduction under drought stress conditions and had a lower susceptibility index and higher drought tolerance index compared to Goli check cultivar. Also, with an efficiency of 0.28 kgm-3 under drought stress conditions, it had a good water use efficiency. This cultivar is resistant to bean common mosaic virus disease. Also, it is 20-25 days early mature than conventional red bean cultivars and cut down at least four irrigations, where under flood irrigation conditions it will save at least 3400 m3 of water consumption. This cultivar is recommended for areas where cultivation of beans is not possible due to early autumn cold damage, or in the areas where bean planting time is delayed in spring due to coincidence with irrigation of autumn crops such as wheat, barley and canola.

Line G-14088 was first introduce in Iran together with 60 other chitti bean lines in 1988 through CIAT. It was tested in different breeding experiments for yield and agronomic characteristics and was compared with local cultivar checks and other advanced lines of chiti bean from 1988 to 2005 in different locations of Iran. Due to higher seed yield and favorable characteristics, it was selected as a superior line in all experiments. Line G-14088 was found to be a high yielding genotype in dry sowing condition and suitable for mechanized cultivation. It was evaluated as a susceptible line to BCMNV, but tolerant to CMV and BCMV. It was also susceptible to two spotted mite and bacterial diseases. In farmers conditions its yield (2080 kgha-1) was more than the check cultivar grown by the farmers. Based on favorable characteristics and higher seed yield, line G-14088 was officially introduced in 2010 and named Sadri for cultivation in temperate- cold areas of Iran.

Line G11867 was first introduced in Iran together with 206 other white, chitti and red beans lines through CIAT, and was tested in different breeding experiments from 1992 to 1999. It was selected as a superior line in all experiments. In 2001 this line was evaluated with other six lines for drought tolerance, and it was found to be more tolerant than cv. Daneshkadeh the check cultivar. Line G11867 was evaluated as a resistant line to CMV but susceptible to BCMV and BYMV. It was also resistant to two spotted mite in several experiments. In farmers farms its yield (2700 kgha-1) was more than the local check cultivar (1986 kgha-1). Its cooking quality was also evaluated good, compared to the newly introduced cultivars Pak and Shokofa. Due to high yield, drought tolerance and resistance to CMV and mite, line G11867 was officially introduced as a new cultivar for cultivation in cold regions of Iran in 2010.

Available genetic variation for ascochyta blight resistance in genus Cicer has prompted interest in the development and use of autumn sown resistant chickpea cultivars. A thorough understanding of the mode of inheritance of resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea would assist the breeding efforts. In order to determine the number of genes, as well as to evaluate heritability and action of genes conferring blight resistance and leaf size in chickpea, two genotypes, Iranian local-Bivanij and ICC 12004 were crossed. Parents along with F1, F2 and F3 generations were sown in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) under artificial infection conditions. Results showed that, in F2 and F3 generations, ratio of resistance to susceptible plants didnt show significant differences with the respective expected ratios of 9:7 and 5:3. There was a negative correlation observed between leaf size and blight score, meaning that, large leaf genotypes are more susceptible to ascochyta blight. Generation means analysis for resistance to blight revealed that, in this study, additive components played the main role in blight resistance variability, while dominant ones had a significant contribution in variation for leaf size. For these two traits, dominance effects (h) and dominance × dominance interaction (l) had opposite signs which may show the presence of a duplicate epistasis. With respect to these findings, genotypes of the resistant parents could be considered as R1R1R2R2. According to these results, breeding programs could be suggested which appropriately use additive variance for gene pyramiding that can lead to developing ascochyta resistant genotypes in chickpea.

A Field experiment was conducted in order to investigate effects of weeding, Trifluralin (pre-sowing herbicide), Haloxyfop ethoxyethyl, Bentazon, Sethoxydim (post-emergenc herbicides) and a combination of these treatments on weed control in common bean. The experiment was carried out in 2000-2001 using RCBD with 10 treatments and 4 replications at the Azad University of Shahr-e-Rey experimental field station. Results showed that highest yield (581.1 g/m2) was achived from Trifluralin + twice weeding treatment followed by, twice weeding (527.6 g/m2). Maximum yield (466.4 g/m2) from post emergence herbicides group was obtained from Trifluralin + Haloxyfop ethoxyethyl treatment. Treatments in which weeding was included were the best. This finding signifies the importance of weeding in common bean crop production. Results of this experiment indicate that sole application of pre-sowing herbicide (Trifluralin) for weed control in common bean is not effective. However, in order to control weeds in common bean we suggest application of Trifluralin together with twice hand weeding. Hand weeding in small fields with cheap workers is economically acceptable. Otherwise, a combination of Trifluralin (pre-sowing herbicide) and Haloxyfop ethoxyethyl (post-emergence herbicide) should be applied.