فهرست مطالب ساجده جلیلیان

 In addition to environmental pollution negative effects on development process of countries, it can affect other aspects of quantity and quality of human life and on life expectancy as an important component of Human Development Index. According to undeniable importance of life expectancy and its role in sustainable development, public health promotion and optimal allocation of individual and national resources, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affecting health quality; hence we assume that health quality promote through economic, social and environmental factors such as environmental pollution.

 In order to investigate the effects of environmental quality improvement on life expectancy in Iran, we use statistical information of 30 provinces during the period 2003-2014 by using Generalized Method of Moments; and health production function estimated for this purpose. It should be noted that the carbon dioxide emissions has been used in provinces as an indicator of environment quality.

 The results indicates that environmental pollution have a significant and negative impact on life expectancy, In other words, increasing CO2 emissions reduced life expectancy in Iran provinces. The relationship between GDP per capita, industrialization index and literacy rate with life expectancy are significant and positive. But health's per capita expenditures, urbanization rate and lag pollution have a negative impact on life expectancy.

 According to the obtained results of this study, increased pollution associated with increased mortality and reduced life expectancy. Since non-negligible negative consequences of pollution on life expectancy in the form of health index or human development is concerned, therefore in terms of the pollution component and its effect on measuring life expectancy in one hand could raise development leveland in other hand it is associated with people health and environment; so environmental protection in a society’s planning system can achieve sustainable development.

The current study is an attempt to estimate markup and return to scale of 19 two-digit ISIC manufacturing industries of Iran, simultaneously, in accordance to Solow Residual and Structural approach, during the period 1995-2007. Based on Solow Residual approach, the neoclassical assumption of constant return to scale is approved within 95% of manufacturing industries; however in 84% of industries the price was higher than marginal cost significantly. Based on structural approach, 53% of manufacturing industries of Iran are experiencing increasing return to scale significantly; however, in 79% of industries, the price is higher than marginal cost. According to the criteria share of the cost of inputs in income as a theoretic criteria for return to scale-markup ratio, in 53% of cases, structural approach estimates this ratio closer to the reality.