فهرست مطالب سپیده امرایی

IntroductionNomadic tourism destinations are considered as an important part of the tourism system and a result of the transformation and development of a spatial-spatial phenomenon in space; Due to the balance in the spatial distribution of growth and development factors, a large number of host communities located in the geographical territory of the destination are also affected by the developments and benefits of tourism development and can play an important role in the formation of the image of the destination.Methodology The purpose of this research is to analyze the clusters of nomadic rural tourism attractions in the Papi Sepid part of the Lorestan Plain; Finally, the optimal model of the spatial organization of rural tourism destinations in this area was designed. The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied. The statistical population of this research consisted of 315 villagers living in 14 selected villages of the region (using stratified random sampling). To collect data, field methods and a questionnaire were used, the reliability of which was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test, which indicated the appropriateness of the research tool. To analyze the data, cluster analysis was used in the SPSS20 software environment, and ArcGIS software was used to draw maps and patterns of spatial organization suitable for rural tourism.Geographical area of researchtourism destinations in the rural areas of Sepid Dasht Lorestan (Papi sector) which mainly relied on ecotourism.Results and discussionThe findings showed that spatial organization with the first degree (spatial development with a high degree) was related to Cham-Sanger and Tang-Heft dehistans. Spatial organization with degree 2 (spatial development with moderate degree) was related to Bisheh and Garit dehistans and spatial organization with degree 3 (spatial development with weak degree) was related to Dehistan of Iran.ConclusionFor the spatial development and organization of tourism in the Papi sector, a concept (an intervening view of factors) is needed for spatial development, in other words, for spatial organization in this region, having a systematic and integrated view of all resources and factors in space (resources) human and natural resources) is necessary and requires a comprehensive regional planning.

Introduction :

The objective and conceptual developments of tourism in the present age have created the necessities of spatial development and internal and external relations of geographical territories that are reminiscent of the reflection of tradition in modernity. Meanwhile, the spatial development of rural areas, whose dominant social spaces include the nomadic territories of Iran, are of special importance in the development of postmodern tourism.

Purpose of the research: 

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial development of rural heritage and tourism destinations in Khorramabad city, which is one of the most important nomadic territories of Iran.

Methodology :

 The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied. The statistical population of this study consists of three main groups (315 villagers living in 14 selected villages of the region (by stratified random sampling), tourism experts in the province (30 people) and available tourists (30 people)) They gave. Finally, from the total of three statistical populations, 375 people were selected as the sample size. To collect the data, field methods and a questionnaire were used, the reliability of which was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test for three components affecting the spatial development of rural heritage of tourist destinations, which indicated the appropriateness of the research tool. Dispersion coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data in SPSS20 software environment and ArcGIS software was used to draw the maps. Geographical area of research Tourism destinations in rural areas of Khorramabad city (Papi district) which relied mainly on ecotourism.

Results and discussion:

 The findings showed that the most important components and key criteria affecting the distribution of the spatial structure of rural heritage are the destinations, quantity and quality of tourism resources and attractions, and the spatial-spatial status of tourist attractions. The study of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all independent variables (except social acceptance, physical dimension, spatial dimensions) with the spatial development of rural heritage of tourist destinations.

Conclusion:

 Since the villages of Gaza and Bisheh had the highest number of variables affecting the spatial development of rural heritage tourist destinations in Khorramabad, it is suggested that if invested in appropriate services and facilities, these settlements can be used in a wider range of services. Be used.

Rural Entrepreneurship is a process of emerging actions and value creation in geographical places. If planned and rationally managed, it can be an investment in the development of social and geographical space in rural areas. Rural entrepreneurial streams, the formation of micro-enterprises and the reflectivity and role-playing of entrepreneurs in the development of areas around large cities, can cause spatial-local changes in development. Accordingly, the present article was designed with the aim of analyzing the effects of rural entrepreneurship in the development of suburban spaces in Kermanshah based on the process method of multidimensional entrepreneurial attitude.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population is those rural settlements that have a history of agricultural activities and water and land capacities and under the demand pressure and condition went through changes such as replacing the cultivation of new crops instead of traditional ones, patterns of cultivation and more intensive cultivation. A total number of 21 entrepreneur villages of urban peripheral spaces located in Baladarband and Miyandarband Rural Districts in the central district of Kermanshah city in the period of (2016-2017) was included 38 active entrepreneurs less than 20 km away from Kermanshah metropolis. Since the number of rural entrepreneurs in the city was limited, in order to increase the accuracy of the research, a complete enumeration was used. A process approach to entrepreneurship in suburban areas is a multidimensional approach. In this view, entrepreneurship is a multidimensional and complex framework that emphasizes the individual, the environment, the organization, and the process of the economic project. According to Kuratko and Hodgest 2004, this type of process shifts entrepreneurship from a fragmented school of thought to a dynamic and interactive process approach that constitutes the variables and items measured in this study. The method of data collection was field method (questionnaire); its face validity was confirmed and its validity and reliability were obtained by using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha test for the variables of external and internal environment of entrepreneurship in the suburban area of ​​0.72, which indicated the appropriateness of the research tool. For this purpose, first the dimensions and concepts of identifying the suburban areas of the central district of Kermanshah city are inferred and determined according to the typology of the suburban areas. Then, correlation and multiple regression tests in SPSS20 software were used to analyze the effects.

Findings indicate that entrepreneurship in the central district of Kermanshah, from a spatial perspective, is the space of functions such as some agricultural and industrial activities (such as production sites) organic fertilizers, cut flowers, production of new crops instead of traditional crops, etc.), tourism and recreation that cannot be placed in Kermanshah due to lack of sufficient space. Conceptually, it has been associated with rapid social and economic growth. From an institutional point of view, it is very complex and sometimes confusing in the field of management due to the presence of formal and informal stakeholders, and this complexity has often led to the failure of economic activities in this region. In other words, from the perspective of the urban peripheral entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurial areas of the central district of Kermanshah city are structurally-physically in the category of rural urban peripheral spaces (rural places with urban awareness and thinking), which are not close to the city center and distance from the city (maximum 20 km). However, due to the presence of entrepreneurs and the spatial connection with the metropolis of Kermanshah, they have caused changes and are experiencing a kind of urban life. The results also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of entrepreneurial spirit of individuals, economic and environmental process in rural areas and the development of suburban spaces at the level of one percent error. The results of regression analysis showed that the variables of rural entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial spirit of individuals, economic process and environment (external and internal) governing the village), have a significant effect on the development of suburban spaces and have the ability to explain 96% of changes in suburban spaces. The most important influential variable was the environmental variable. In this study, among the multiple dimensions of entrepreneurship, the most important variable in the development of suburban spaces was identified as the internal and external environment of rural space, Entrepreneurschr('39') role in the environment includes the currents and peripheral spaces that govern entrepreneurship, such as people, experiences, social, economic, political, technology and related constructive interactions between the entrepreneur and the environment, can be concluded external elements affect the entrepreneur and his personality and in some cases create ideal conditions in which the entrepreneur can discover opportunities and take advantage of them. Therefore, it is proposed to control the flows and forces (economic, social, technological and political) that impact the entrepreneurs and their businesses from the external environment of the villages over time.