فهرست مطالب سید امین کوهپایه

The importance of effective treatment for prostate cancer cannot be ignored. Maintaining the quality oflife of people with this common type of cancer is vital. Identifying new treatments through modern sciences such as bioinformatics is essential and provides the possibility of personalized medical programs tailored to individual needs. In addition, these advances can help develop preventive measures that can ultimately reduce the risk of developing this type of cancer. We downloaded the GSE55945 gene expression data set from NCBI-GEO and analyzed thedifferentially expressed genes (DEG). The role of genes in biological processes, and the enrichment pathways of genes in the Enrichr database are displayed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Reactome, Bioplanet, etc. Also, protein-protein (PPI) networks drawn and discussed. A total of 7 hub or key genes, including CAV1, MYLK, CACNA1D, CALM1, NOX4, CCK, and AOX1, were identified. Analyzes related to molecular processes showed that most genes with differential expression are involved in the "mechanism of drug metabolism". Also, the results showedthat the molecular function of most genes is related to "G-protein dependent", and "inositol phosphatemetabolism" processes. DEGS, key genes and signaling pathways identified in this study may help to understand the molecularmechanisms of prostate cancer and provide possible targets diagnosing and treating this disease.

Patients with beta thalassemia major face various challenges in physical and psychosocial aspects. The need for resilience capacity to overcome these challenges can be effective. Identifying factors affecting resilience can be considered as a framework for designing nursing interventions. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of hope in the relationship between spiritual well-being and resilience among adolescents with beta thalassemia major.

This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the research included adolescents aged 11 to 21 years with beta thalassemia major who referred to thalassemia centers in Fars province in south of Iran in 1401, from which 288 participants were selected via convenience sampling method. Paloutzian and Ellison's spiritual well-being questionnaire (1982), Connor-Davidson resilience questionnaire (2003) and Herth Hope questionnaire (1992) were the instruments used in this study. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive tests, Pearson correlation, and a structural equation model in Spss-24 and Amos-24.

The results showed that all the fit indices are within the acceptance range of the model. The results obtained from structural equation modeling indicate a positive and significant effect between spiritual well-being and resilience (t=2.78, β=0.25), spiritual well-being and hope (t=2.31, β=0.32), and Hope with resilience (t=2.53, β=0.57). Finally, the indirect effect of spiritual well-being on resilience through hope is significant (p < 0.01, β = 0.052).

According to the results of this research, it is suggested to pay more attention to the promotion of spiritual health as a mechanism for improving hope and resilience in the care programs of these patients.

Recently trends inthe modern methods of education, increasing students’ participation and attention to teamwork in learning has been considered. Team-based learning (TBL) is a collaborative learning method that its goal is increasing the amount of learning. The aim of this study was carried out to investigate the application TBL in public health and students’ attitude towards new teaching method. The present study was a cross sectional study in which 45 students were participated and assessed by multiple choice test and attitude questionnaire. Independent sample t test and Pearson Coefficient correlation in SPSS20 were used to assess the mean score of test and also the relation between students' attitudes towards two types of teaching methods, respectively. The mean score of students in the Lecture method at the end of the fourth session were (8.8±0.9). Significant difference was observed between individual evaluation and group evaluation of TBL (p<0.005). The mean score of students' attitudes toward TBL and team work were (25.18 ± 3.78) and (21.5 ± 5.1), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between Students' attitudes(r=0.625, p=0.003) and teamwork(r=0.725, p=0.001) towards TBL in the classroom. The results showed that TBL method was more successful method in comparison to lecture method. According to Finding, it is suggested that modern teaching methods such as team-based learning should be used alongside traditional teaching in educating student in other medical sciences.

The duty of physicians in the new world is to promote health, prevent diseases and deliver primary health care. But in accordance with the Edinburgh Declaration, physicians are not trained to deal with these issues. One of the key areas that has an important role in the health of the population, contains the issues related to life style and particularly nutritional issues. Proper nutrition plays a major role in achieving optimal health outcomes and inpatient health care costs will be reduced. This article describes the experience of the implementation and results of the evaluation of providing a course of clinical nutrition for medical students.
Material & This action research study was conducted using census method, in collaboration with 50 students of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 96-1395. In this study, clinical nutrition course was presented along with clinical courses for students. The data were gathered through pretest and posttest questionnaire, in each training session, and EDC questionnaire was applied to evaluate student's satisfaction. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results of the questionnaires.
The comparison of student's score after each training session with pre-test scores, showed a significant increase in student's knowledge of clinical nutrition. Most student's satisfaction was related to the presentation (4.37) and the use of resources (4.32), respectively.
The results of this study demonstrated a positive effect of teaching clinical nutrition which can be considered by policymakers to insert this topic in the clinical course for medical students.

: The value of breastfeeding and its role in the health of infants and mothers is not overlooked. Given the importance of breastfeeding And the role of factors such as attitude toward behavior Subjective Norms on changing the behavior of mothers And hit the bottom of exclusive breast feeding in the country and the city of Fasa, The researcher focused on the impact of the curriculum on the theory of planned behavior On the breastfeeding behavior in pregnant women referring to Fasa city health centers.
This quasi-experimental study was performed on 50 case and 50 control women who referred to fasa urban health centers during the period from 30 to 34 gestational age in 2017. With a two-part questionnaire (demographic and planned behavior theory) and the checklist for Breastfeeding was Information was collected. Educational intervention as 3 training sessions each for 55 to 60 minutes And training to husbands was done indirectly by pregnant women themselves The control group received only regular training Breast-feeding behavior before training And 40 days postpartum were evaluated in both groups. Data was analyzed using Spss22 software and descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent T and paired t-test.
The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, Subjective norms, intent and lactation behavior before the educational intervention. However, after the intervention, the test group showed a significant increase compared to the control group for any of the above mentioned cases.
Mother’s attitude towards lactation, social networking support and proper breastfeeding in the community are among the factors influencing successful lactation in the first three months after childbirth.

Authority means referring a person to an individual or organization due to the capabilities of that person or organization. For example, an increase in the number of citations represents the authority of the author or a country or even a university or research institute and a special journal on that particular topic. From this point of view, production of knowledge is a necessary item but not sufficient for the scientific authority. Medical students can play an important role in the scientific authority.
A summer school was administered by Fasa University of Medical Science with the subjects of innovation in medical education and transformation plan, for elite medical students from all universities in Iran.
The results of student and teachers’ discussions in the scientific authority workshop affirmed thatforesight and conceptualization along with preliminary studies, feasibility in expression of view points and survey of present approaches, and breaking out of scientific borders by student researches are three major steps in the realization of scientific authority.
There are several steps which should be considered in the realization of scientific authority.

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity response to Aspergillus antigens in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF). The inhalation of spores from the environment is followed by growth of hyphae in the mucus of the bronchial tree and stimulates an immune response involving Th2 CD4 T cells and IgE and IgG antibodies. Although diagnostic procedure for ABPA is a big challenge, serological marker (measurement of IgE antibody) for the diagnosis of ABPA is chosen in clinical. However, cross-reactivity may also occur between crude fungal extracts. Therefore, combination of clinical, biological and radiological criteria with molecular-based allergy can solve this problem. Although, the mainstay of treatment for ABPA is corticosteroids followed by antifungal regimes, but treatment is dependent on the ABPA stage with asthma control, prevention and treatment of acute disease, and preventing the progression of bronchiectasis. The current review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis based on diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Ecologic conditions affect production of effective pharmaceutical products. We evaluate the effect of ecologic conditions on antibacterial effects of herbal plants in Fars. We collected eight plant species including Trachyspermum copticum، Withania somnifera، Laurus nobilis، Carum carvi، Thymus، Rosemary، Zataria multiflora، and Lavandula in Fasa and Sepidan.. Their antibacterial effects were studied by disk diffusion method، well assay method، and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Ecological and weather conditions were derived from internet. Comparing with standard antibacterial indexes the following results were achieved. Fasa herbs including Trachyspermum copticum، Zataria multiflora، Laurus nobilis، and Rosemary had the most effect on Staphylococcus aureus، while Carum carvi had the least effect. This effect in Sepidan herbs was the most in Trachyspermum copticum، Zataria multiflora، and Rosemary، while Carum carvi had the least effect. Surveying the effects against E. coli among Fasa herbs، Zataria multiflora had the most and Carum carvi and Lavandula had the least effects. On the other hand، among Sepidan herbs، Trachyspermum had the highest and Carum carvi، Lavandula، and Laurus nobilis had the lowest effects on E. coli. Antibacterial effects of Fasa herbs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most in Zataria multiflora and Thymus and the least in Carum carvi. In Sepidan herbs، it was the highest in Zataria multiflora and the lowest in Carum carvi. Considering the differences in antibacterial effects of the herbs in two ecologic conditions، we suggest other researchers to pay attention to the mentioned effects in their studies.

There is a fast growing tendency in the consumption of herbal remedies in the developing countries. One of the traditional medicines used for male infertility is Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pollen (DPP). The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of DPP on In vitro viability and proliferation rate of neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). cell suspension includes sertoli cells and SSCs were isolated from neonatal 6 day-old mice testes by 2 steps enzymatic digestion. The cell suspension was cultured in DMEM and FCS 4% in the absence or presence of 0.06, 0.25 and 0.62 mg/ml of aqueous extract of DPP for 2 weeks. In order to evaluate the rate of SSCs expansion at the end of culture, the mean number of whole cells and living cells were considered as proliferation and survival rates respectively. Data analysis was done with ANOVA test. The significancy of the data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post test. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the mean percent of viability and proliferation rate between control and 0.06, 0.25 and 0.62 mg/ml of DPP-treated groups (P> 0.05). Our study showed that treatment of neonatal mouse testicular cell suspension with DPP had no toxic effects on viability percent and proliferation rate of these cells. Thus, we can use DPP for evaluate the in vitro pattern of SSCs colonization in the future studies.

Burn injuries are one of the health hazards of today society. Considering the use of silver sulphadiazine in clinics and mastic gum-ghee mixture in some regions of Iran for burn recovery, this study was designed to compare the effect of mastic gum-ghee mixture and silver sulfasalazine ointment 1% in treating second degree burns. This experimental single blind study was performed after anesthetizing 10-rat groups with sodium thiopental (Intra Peritoneal Injection). During the four -week treatment with silver sulfadiazine ointment1%, Vaseline, pure ghee, or mastic gum-Vaseline mixture in three dosages (50,100. and 200 mg mastic gum in Vaseline in gram) and mastic gum-ghee in dosages of 50,100, and 200 mg mastic gum in ghee in gram, the effects of this substances on the remission of the ulcers were evaluated qualitatively and clinically. In the first two weeks of treatment after burn, most groups had almost similar trend of remission. But in the next two weeks of treatment, the degree of recovery changed in different groups. The silver sulfadiazine group, the mixture of mastic gum- Vaseline (200mg/ g) and Vaseline showed the highest improvement, respectively (according to the dermatologist opinion). According to this study, it is suggested not to use mastic gum-ghee mixture for second degree burns. We recommend that sulfadiazine ointment 1% is the better choice for the recovery of burn injuries.

Choosing antihypertensive as a drug for treating hypertension is the most important part of its treatment. The present study was done in investigating the consistancy rate of hypertension treatment through Guide Line JNC-7 in patients who were referred to health centers and health houses of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2012. In this cross- sectional study, the non-random sample of population was consisted of 200 patients who were suffering from hypertension. The questionnaire contained both demographic information and the use of anti-hypertension medication based on guide line (JNC-7 (. After the confirmation approval of content validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the data and the descriptive statistics were analyzed through SPSS-15 software. 60 ٪ of the patients were in the first stage of hypertension and 40 percent of them were in the second one. Beta blockers were the most common prescribed drugs which were used among the first stage patients. However, ACEI and Diuretics (Thiazides) were the commonly prescribed drugs for the second stage hypertension patients. Patients who had diabetes and heart failure were used Beta- blocker drugs which was not in line with the Guide line JNC-7. The treatment of hypertension in patients was not in consistence with guideline JNC-7. It is recommended to organize training classes for doctors to inform patients about the better way of treating this problem.

A broad application of nanostructures in various fields of science has led to their commercialization in different industries. For instance, application of the antimicrobial activity of nanosilver is one of the consequences of such these strategies. Furthermore, iron oxide nanoparticles is currently employed in microbial cell fixation. In addition, nanoparticles can be used for effective targeted drug delivery to the site of infection. In this term, study on the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the physiology of microorganisms is highly demanded. At low concentrations, since iron oxide nanoparticles can act as iron source of microorganisms, they may be eliminated from microbial environment. However, higher concentrations of these particles can result in cell stress and reduction in microbial cell growth. These nanoparticles attach to the microbial cell wall via electrostatic and hydrophobic forces, reducing microbial pathogenicity. The attachment of iron oxide nanoparticles to bacterial cell wall interferes in functionality of cell membrane and thereby increase membranes permeability. These phenomenon increases molecular transportation through the cell membrane and increases productivity in industrial process.

Previous studies have shown that high consumption of sprouted potatoes can cause acute toxicities، coma، and death in human. These effects are attributed to glycoalkaloids such as alpha-solanine which is naturally found in potatoes and cereals. It is also frequently appeared during inappropriate transfer and storage after harvesting. The present study is designed to assess the acute and chronic toxicity effects of alpha-solanine in mice. In this experimental study، 90 BALB/c male mice were equally divided into acute and chronic groups (n=45). Each group then equally subdivided into control، and 5، 10، 20 and 40 mg/kg groups of alpha-solanine (n=9). Animals were euthanized after 24 hours and 7 days of solanine injection (i. p) in the acute and chronic groups، respectively. Blood samples were taken for hematology and chemical tests. Alpha-solanine did not significantly effects on hematological and chemical parameters in the acute groups. Red blood cell count was significantly increased (6. 1±0. 3 to 8. 8±0. 8، p=0. 02)، but plasma alkaline phosphatase level was statistically reduced (764±50 to 452±33، p=0. 01) in 40 mg/kg chronic groups compared to control. Significant increase was observed in blood levels of sodium (149. 4±2. 1 to 155. 5±1. 3، p=0. 03)، glucose (181±59 to 322±64، p=0. 025) and creatinine (0. 34±0. 008 to 1. 07±0. 25، p=0. 02) in 40 mg/kg chronic groups compared to control. The results showed that long-term use of high solanine can dramatically induce hematological and chemical changes in a dose-dependent manner.

The incidence of medical errors is deemed one of the unavoidable cases of serious threats to the health and safety of patients. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing medication errors from the perspective of the nursing staff. This descriptive -analytic study recruited 80 nurses working in various wards in Fasa Hospital. The nurses were selected via the availability sampling method، and their perspective on factors affecting medication errors was gathered using a questionnaire designed for this study. The data were analyzed with SPSS-15 software. The most important causes of medication errors were work fatigue، low nurse-to-patient ratio، long working hours، high density of work in units، and doing other tasks. Other variables such as age and gender as well as factors effective on the incidence of medication errors are mentioned in the full text. From the nurses’ standpoint، workload and the patient-to-nurse ratio were the most significant factors leading to medication errors.

Risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke increases with the number of the metabolic risk factors. In general, a person who has the metabolic syndrome is twice as likely to develop heart disease and five times as likely to develop diabetes as someone who does not have the metabolic syndrome. High-calorie-diet rodent models have contributed significantly to the analysis of the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome, but their phenotype varies distinctly between different studies and maybe is not very similar to a model of the metabolic syndrome in humans. We sought to create a model in this study close to the disease in humans.

Twenty male, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the high-calorie diet group with 416 calories per 100 grams (researcher made) or the control diet group for 12 weeks. Weight changes, lipid profile, glucose, insulin levels, and QUICKI index (an indicator of insulin sensitivity) were measured. Weight changes were compared using the repeated measures and the independent t-test, and serum factors were compared using the independent t-test.

There was a significant change in weight, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile except for HDL at the end of the study. The QUICKI index (0.34 ± 0.02 vs. 0.40 ± 0.01; p value <0.0001) suggested that insulin resistance had been created in the high-calorie diet group.

The present study demonstrates the ability to make diet-induced metabolic syndrome domestically.

Host resistance to Leishmania infection is mediated by cellular immune responses leading to macrophage activation and parasite killing. IL-18 known as interferon-γ inducing factor, stimulate IFN-γ production by T-cells. According to the important role of IL-18 in defense against VL and known effect of IL-18 gene polymorphisms on its production, the aim of this study was to investigate the probable relation between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to VL in Iranian patients.

The study groups included 118 pediatric patients suffered from VL and 156 non-relative healthy persons from the same endemic area as the patients. In both study groups IL-18 gene polymorphisms at positions -656 G/T, -137 G/C and +105A/C (codon 35/3) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fregment Length Polymorphism).

The result showed that the frequency of T allele at position -656 was significantly higher in the controls compared to that in the patients (P=0.047). But in none of the genotypes of IL-18 there was significant difference between patients and controls. In addition, the distribution of ATG haplotype and AGG/ATG haplo-genotype were significantly higher in the controls compared to that in patients with VL (P=0.043and P=0.044, respectively). Furthermore a strong LDs (P<0.001) were detected between the -607, -137 and codon 35/3 SNPs.

In conclusion, this study showed that the frequency of T allele at position -656 and ATG haplotype and AGG/ATG haplogenotype (positions +105, -656 and -137) were significantly higher in the controls. To the best of our knowledge no study has been conducted on IL-18 gene polymorphisms and VL in other countries, therefore, we were not able to compare our results with other investigations, so it seems that more researches in this field on other populations will be worthy.

S. aureus is one of the most pathogenic bacteria. Lastly, increasing of resistance, led to difficulty in treatment, specially Resistance to methicillin, limited treatment of infections by S.aureus. Because of these, we evaluated the drug Resistance and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) types among methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in this study. In a cross- sectional study, we collect S.aureus isolates and then evaluate them with diagnostic tests such as drug susceptibility, MIC, molecular genotyping of SCCmec, to recognition of drug resistance in isolates. 78isolates among totally 164 isolates were MRSA. There is no resistance to vancomycin, but almost, there is high resistance about another antibiotics. Type II were mostly frequent type, type IV were less among another types. In compare with another researches we can recognized increasing of resistance in S. aureus, because of using high level antibiotics in infections treatment.

Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene is important in determining plasma triglyceride levels, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. Mutation in this gene affected plasma triglyceride level. We looked for possible associations of the APOA5 gene polymorphism S19W with coronary heart disease (CHD) in a sample of Iranian population.

A total of 73 CHD patients and 55 controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for this single nucleotide polymorphism. Serum lipids and Fast Blood Sugar concentrations were measured in all subjects with enzymatic method.

Allele frequencies observed in our population were 0.041 for the W allele and 0.959 for the S allele which are similar to other populations (p>0.05). There is no evidence that APOA5 S19W, is a risk factor of CHD in our sample (p>0.05). In addition, we observed no association between the APOA5 W allele and elevated plasma TG levels (p>0.05) in the CHD group. This result was also present in the control group (p>0.05).

The APO A5 gene polymorphism in S19W gene has no association with the high susceptibility to CHD.

Genus Salmonella has more than 2400 serotypes. The two major groups are S.enterica and S.bongori. Important serotypes are situated in S.enterica group. Antibiotic therapy in salmonellosis is restricted to typhoid fever and acute infections. After the first reporting of resistance in S.Typhimurium DT 104, nowadays, developing of resistance in Salmonella, specially, ESBL producing species is an important issue in salmonellosis. We evaluated serotyping, drug resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) in Salmonella enterica, collected from patients. We collected fecal samples in an 18 months period of time. Samples were cultured on selective, differential Medias. Serotyping was done with Biomérieux serotyping kit. After antibiogram, MIC was evaluated with E-test strips. By using ESBL disks in Double- Disk synergy method, ESBL phenotypes were distinguished. We isolated 96 S.enterica serotypes, including: 35Typhimurium, 22Enteritidis, 11Typhi, 8Paratyphi B, 4Newport, 3Derby, 1Virchow, 1Infantis and 11untypable serotypes. 36isolates were sensitive to all of antibiotics, but, in 60 isolates, there were at least one resistance. In 45 isolates there were Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Resistance to ampicilin was the highest percent, whereas, there was not any resistance to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. ESBL evaluation shown producing cefotaxime ESBL in 5 isolates and ceftazidim ESBL in 4 isolates. With furthermore epidemiologic studies on Salmonella serotyping and antibiotic resistance, using suitable drugs in treatment, we can restrict the spreading of resistant Salmonella (specially, species with animal source).