فهرست مطالب فاطمه زهرا امیرمحمدی

Since the glandular trichome in the medicinal plants is the location for storage and synthesis of essential oils, glandular trichomes are widely distributed all of the plant organs of the Lamiaceae, their secretions contribute largely to its great importance. They are the primary secretory organs of these plants, and their structures can vary widely among species. Therefore, their morphology could be, addition of taxonomical importance, to have essential oils which are widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Therefore, identification of a protocol that would preserve tissue size and morphology by usual methods can be useful. In this study compared two of the method by quantifying changes in size and trichome shrinkage percent at two different organs (leaf and calyx) in three Nepeta species studied: Nepeta. fissa, Nepeta. assurgens and Nepeta. eremophilla. Plant materials washed in distillated water, then immersed in FAA fixative (3.7% v/v formaldehyde, 50% ethanol, 5% acetic acid) and was then fixed (approximately 3 h) at 4°C. Tissue was rinsed three times in sodium phosphate buffer before dehydrating in a methanol series (30%, 50%, 70%, 95%, and 100%), 5 min each step. Specimens were mounted onto SEM stubs and coated with paladium. The method used depend on the type of plant species and different organs, in this study shows that generally the fixation and dehydration with methanol is a quick and simple method for preservation the size and shrinking of plant the tissues.

In the present research, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of seven Nepeta species (Nepeta teucriifolia subsp. teucriifolia, N. assurgens, N. glomerulosa, N. cataria, N. binaloudensis, Na. racemosa var. crassifolia) from field cultivated plant (Research garden of Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad) in a completely randomized design with 3 replications were investigated. Total iridoid, flavonoid content (FC), total phenol (TP) content and antioxidant capacities (AC), were determined using spectrophotometer. The essential oils, were analyzed by GC/MS. The TP content ranged from 186.47 to 464.25 mg of gallic acid equivalents (mg (GAE) 100 g-1 DW). The highest and the lowest amount of FC with values of 43.08 and 142.20 (mg quercetin equivalents 100 g-1 DW) for N. glomerulosa and N. teucriifolia subsp. teucriifolia respectively. The AC values of the species ranged from from 117 to 287.33 μg mg-1 DW extract (by DPPH method) and from 66.678 to 81.096 Mm Fe (by FRAP method) respectively. The highest and lowest amount of essential oil percent (v/w) was obtained in N. assurgens (0.74) and in N. fissa (0.06), respectively. Depending on the result of this research, on the basis of main compound identified in the essential oils, Nepeta species have been divided in to three groups. First group species like; N. teucriifolia subsp. teucriifolia and N. glomerulosa which contain Caryophyllene oxide and Humulene as their main compounds. The species of the second group contain Nepetalactone isomers and 1.8-cineole as their key compounds. These species including N. binaloudensis and N. assurgens species. The species of the last group contain Nepetalactone as their key compounds; this species including; N. cataria, N. kotschyi, N. racemosa var. crassifolia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the salt tolerance of two cultivars of fig (‘Kushki’ and ‘Rounou’) under in vitro conditions. Salinity treatment was performed using different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM). The results showed that salinity significantly reduced fresh and dry weight, shoot length and leaf number in both cultivars after three weeks’ treatment with sodium chloride. However, the decline was more in the ‘Kushki’. In both cultivars, the activity of antioxidant enzymes were increased with increase in the concentration of sodium chloride, and this increase was significantly higher in Kushki cultivar. The amount of sodium accumulation and Na+/K+ratio in leaves and roots of ‘Rounou’ was significantly higher than Kushki cultivar. At 120 mM concentration, all traits were significantly reduced. Seedlings of the two cultivars showed different responses for most of the evaluated traits. According to the results of this study, the Kushki cultivar was more tolerant than the Rounou cultivar to the salinity stress.