فهرست مطالب محمد رضا زارع

In today’s society, pipelines as vital arteries play a significant role in maintaining people’s peace and satisfaction. According to growing developments in societies, the necessity of constructing, refurbishing, repairing, and maintaining underground installations such as petrol pipelines, gas, water, wastewater, runoffs, and connections is considered as the indispensable part of civil and installation operations. Regarding problems stemming from the open trench excavation methods and growth of underground installations, using trenchless technologies in the construction industry is increasing in order to solve the problems more economically and effectively. The present project aimed at recognizing and ranking the most important effective factors in accepting the trenchless technology in Iran. This research has a practical target and has been performed by the survey and the describing method. The statistical population of this research includes middle managers, contractors, and civil projects engineers of Isfahan province. In this regard, a sample of 87 people was randomly selected and the questionnaire was distributed among them. Eventually, a total of 68 questionnaires were collected with favorable consistency. This questionnaire has been designed by the investigator according to the Likert scale with high stability. Accordingly, the factors were grouped in the form of 28 criteria and 8 major groups as the effective factors on accepting the trenchless technology in Iran. Descriptive and inferential methods and the Friedman test were used to rank the effective factors, and the SPSS software was applied to analyze the data. Among the 8 major groups of executive management, environmental, demographics, technology, economically, project productivity (construction management), organizational, and individual had the first to the 8th rank, respectively. In addition, control system, risks, environment, budget, chief executive officer (CEO), special and geographical performance, and direct costs ranked the top among the 28 factors.

The poor degradability of antibiotics in conventional wastewater treatment processes has recently encouraged researchers to use advanced oxidation processes based on persulfate (PS) activation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to remove ceftriaxone through the activation of persulfate with zero valence zinc/ultrasonic waves (Zn0/US).

In this laboratory study, the sample containing the antibiotic ceftriaxone was subjected to persulfate activation through an ultrasonic probe with a frequency of 40 kHz. Optimization of operational parameters such as initial pH, catalyst dose, initial ceftriaxone concentration, reaction time and persulfate concentration was done through response surface methodology (RSM). In optimal conditions, synergistic effect, changes in wavelength scanning, mineralization rate and radical scavenger effect were studied. Finally, ceftriaxone concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured through diagnostic devices.

Based on RSM analysis of variance, the maximum removal of antibiotic (94.54%), COD (66%) and TOC (54%) in laboratory conditions including pH equal to 3, 0.75 mg/L persulfate and catalyst concentration, 15 mg/L ceftriaxone and 45 minutes of reaction time were obtained. The presence of tert-butyl alcohol and ethanol as scavengers of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals decreased the efficiency rate of the process to 79% and 45% in the reaction time of 45 minutes and emphasized that the active species participate in ceftriaxone degradation.

Based on the results, the process of Zn0/US/PS can be considered as a pretreatment process for the effective removal of ceftriaxone from water environments.

Telomere length is a biological marker of the aging process. It seems that longer telomeres are associated with healthy diets, including a low intake of processed meats and a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. The present study aims to investigate the effect of dietary patterns on telomere length. 

This is a systematic review study. Related articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Selection methods for study: The quality assessment of articles was done using the Cochrane library guidelines by two researchers separately.  

Five studies were eligible for the review. They all had a cross-sectional design. Only one study reported a negative relationship between the intake of nuts and seeds and telomere length. 

Only a few studies have reported the significant relationship of dietary patterns with telomere length. Considering that scant research has been conducted in this field, more studies are recommended.

Generally, using predictive methods for finding critical points and repairing the damage pipes based on these approaches is less costly than renewal them after occurring failure. In this study, by calculating direct costs, two scenarios of “on time repair” (first scenario) and “repair after failure” (second scenario) are proposed to repair the wastewater network pipe. As a case study, part of Isfahan wastewater network (region 2) and its failure data during 1393 to 1396 are considered and the obtained results are presented and compared.

High energy photons (10-20 MeV) that originate form medical linear accelerator in Radiotherapy treatment room, produce neutron. The produced neutrons id absorbed with different materials in the accelerator, the environment and even patient body that produced radioactive materials. These radioactive materials may pose a risk of radiation exposure to the radiotherapists who go to the treatment room frequently between patients. This process may cause internal radiation exposure in addition to external radiation exposure.  In this research after the expose of 18 MV X-Ray by medical accelerator (Varian 2300C/D), the spectrum of accelerator head was collected by portable HPGe detector and 19 radioisotopes were recognized.

Objective:

 This study aims to investigate the health anxiety of housewives in Hormozgan, Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic, and its related factors.

Methods:

 In this descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design, participants were 258 housewives from Hormozgan Province who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The instrument used in this study was a demographic form and the Short Health Anxiety Inventory with three dimensions (illness likelihood, body vigilance, and the perceived negative consequences of becoming ill). SPSS v. 21 software was used to analyze the data.

Results:

 The mean age of housewives was 35.77±8.81 years. Their mean score of health anxiety was 20.26±6.61. The level of health anxiety in 68.6% of housewives was high. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, physical activity, chronic illness, and household economic status were significant predictors of health anxiety.

Conclusion:

 In order to reduce the health anxiety of housewives during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is recommended to encourage housewives to increase their physical activity, and the government should provide financial support to low-income families.

Internet addiction has a negative effect on mental health and leads to clinical discomfort and disorder. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction with sleep quality and depression in dormitory students.

This study was a descriptive-analytical study. Since all students living in dormitories participated in this study (95 people), the sampling method was census. The study used three Young Internet addiction questionnaires, the Goldberg Depression Inventory, and the Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire. For statistical analysis of data, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and also analytical statistical tests such as one-way analysis of variance with SPSS 22 software were used.

Among the students studied, 63 (66.3%) were normal in terms of Internet addiction, 31 (32.6%) were mildly addicted and 1 was severely addicted to the Internet. The study of depression among students showed that out of 95 people, 22 people have mild to moderate depression and 10 people have borderline depression. The mean score of studentschr('39') sleep quality was 7.38 ± 2.88 and there was a significant relationship between it and Internet addiction (P <0.001)

Given the prevalence of Internet addiction among students and its significant association with depression and poor sleep quality, the necessary planning should be done to prevent this health problem.

Today, the supply of qualified drinking water has become the main concern of the competent authorities. Drinking water, in addition to the appropriate quantity, must have appropriate standards regarding physicochemical and microbial properties. Nitrate and nitrite ions are of special importance due to their adverse environmental and health. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of these ions in the drinking water of Evaz city and to perform calculations related to health risk assessment.

In this study, five points were selected and 50 samples (10 samples from each point) were collected over time intervals. After transferring the samples to the environmental chemistry laboratory, the concentration of nitrate and nitrite ions was determined by the spectrophotometer (DR6000) according to the instructions provided by the HACH.

The concentration of nitrate and nitrite ions in all parts of the network was lower than the standard set by the WHO. The highest and lowest concentrations of nitrate and nitrite ions were obtained at the sampling sites of Patrice Restaurant (1.04 and 0.021 mg/L) and ABFA (0.8 and 0.0162 mg/L), respectively. Also, risk assessment based on the age range of infants, children and adults was 0.125, 0.00375 and 0.043, respectively, which shows that long-term water consumption will not have a negative impact on human health.

The physicochemical quality of Evaz drinking water was acceptable and human exposure to this water has a non-carcinogenic risk of much less than the critical range.

Currently, the most important health priority of the whole world is COVID-19. Due to the lack of an effective treatment and vaccine for COVID-19, it is important to seriously focus of the prevention.The aim of this study was to investigate the Knowledge and practice of Hormozgan province workers regarding the protection against COVID-19.

In this cross-sectional study, the study sample included 406 workers working in the Hormozgan province who were selected through an available sampling method. The instrument used in this study was a two-part, valid, and reliable questionnaire. The first part contained demographic information and the second part included a questionnaire about knowledge and behavior regarding COVID-19. The questionnaire was provided to the participants through social media and the required data were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and ANOVA, independent t-test, and multiple regression analysis.

Regarding the COVID-19 symptoms and prevention, 78.6% of workers answered the questions correctly. The average score of workers’ behavior was 32.70±3.84, which indicates only 56% of the participants had appropriate behavior. The results of the study showed that the mean scores of behavior in men and women were 33.51±3.51 and 31.96±3.95, respectively, which are significantly different (P-Value≤0.001). Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, knowledge, exercise, and gender were predictors of workers’ behavior (P-Value<0.05).

According to the results of this study, improving the awareness of workers about COVID-19 and increasing their physical activity, result in more preventive behaviors against this disease. Therefore, raising their awareness through education and also planning and encouraging them for regular physical activity is recommended.

The sediment budget has been introduced as a valuable concept and tool for describing the production, transport and deposition of sediment in a watershed. In order to study the effect of slope on sediment budget, the distribution map of erosion and sedimentation of the Khamsan Representative Watershed, located in the south of the province of Kurdistan, was prepared using 137Cs and overlapping with the slope map. The results showed that 15 sub-watersheds with an average area of ​​185.39 ha and an average slope of 31.83% had a mean sediment delivery ratio of 28.43%. Increasing the area to the whole watershed (4098.66 ha without rocky outcrops) with an average slope of 25.26%, the ratio decreased to 12.63%. This finding emphasizes on the impact of internal plain with the average slope of 10.27% on sediment trapping and decrease of sediment delivery ratio by 15.8%. The results of comparing the sediment budgets in slope classes showed that an orchard, irrigated agriculture and rangeland treated with soil conservation activities, the sedimentation is a dominant condition in all the slope degrees, while almost all the erosion caused by rain fed agriculture with the slope gradient degrees of 2-20%, and the rangeland with the gradients slope of more than 30%. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the sediment delivery ratio with an emphasis on the performance of the low-slope areas as a sediment trap before applying the check dams, if necessary, and only in the most efficient places. Also prevent the conversion of rangeland to dryland and farming, also prevent plowing in the slope direction.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of leadership style of managers (transformational / exchange) in promoting organizational identity and social responsibility of employees. The present research was descriptive-survey and correlation type. The statistical population of the research includes all of the administrative staff of Shiraz University in five faculties of basic sciences, engineering, social sciences, law and education that 100 of them were selected by Random Class Relative method. The data collection tools of research was Bass & Elio Leadership Style Questionnaire (1985), The organizational identity questionnaire of Cheney (1982) and Gollibert's Social Responsibility Questionnaire (2010) were used. Data obtained by using Wilcoxon Test, Binomial statistical test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient were analyzed. The results showed that There is no significant difference between the two types of exchange leadership and change in terms of employees. There is no significant difference between organizational identity of different faculties. There is a positive and significant correlation between the leadership style of managers with organizational identity and staff accountability.

To fulfill the macro-policies of the country in the sector of information and communications technology, the presence of an effective governing company as the telecommunications and communications backbone network is necessary to provide the requirements for upgrading the quality management of the products and services and to fulfill the strategic policies of that industry. The purpose of this research is to examine and identify the specific requirements, criteria and standards of the communications and information technology area for improving the service quality of the telecommunications backbone network of Iran. By adding the security & risk, governance and economic criteria to the latest edition of the European Foundation for Quality Management Excellence Model, the newly developed model was designed and localized as a model for the quality management and excellence of the telecommunications backbone network of Iran after validating and verifying the model. In this research, to achieve the highest level of the reliability and the internal consistency of each criterion, the related sub-criteria, using the factor analysis approach, were sorted and analyzed according to the survey of the experts in several stages. The criteria of this model consist of two categories including the Enablers and the Results. The criteria for the Enablers include the leadership, economic, people, strategy, processes & products and services, partnership & resources, security and risk criteria in addition, to the Results' criteria, including the customer results criteria, business results criteria, society results criteria and the people results criteria. The studies show that the establishment of this native model in the governing telecommunications backbone network of Iran has led to an improvement in the quality of services in this industry.

In this research, numerical analysis of the hybrid lead rubber bearing system with shape memory alloy was investigated by Abaqus software and the effectiveness of various parameters on its performance was examined. The parameters studied are the bearing dimensions, the type of shape memory alloy and its cross-sectional area, the lead core diameter, the thickness of the rubber layer and the compressive stress. In this hybrid bearing, memorable form shape memory alloy are used as a recovery unit and lead core is used as a unit of energy dissipation. For this purpose, a finite element model of the bearing is modeled using the Abaqus software and the effect of the various parameters mentioned on the bearing performance has been investigated. The results show that the structures equipped with this bearing have better seismic performance than lead rubber bearing. Finally, depending on what kind of performance is required from the bearing, the parameters can be obtained optimally. As a result, in order to achieve a combination of behavior, both the suitable absorption capacity of lead and the recentring property of the shape memory alloy, it is necessary to balance the stiffness between the lead core and the shape memory alloy wire.

Wastewater network is an inseparable part of urban life. Due to importance of this network as one of the urban infrastructure, the failure of this system will lead to stopping service, causing many social, economic and environmental consequences. Hence, assessing the wastewater networks condition and its failure is an important approach for managing it. Generally, failure of system means any condition which is lead to stopping service. In general, artificial intelligence methods are used as a low-cost method to predict failure. In this research, genetic programming (GP) is used to predict the number of blockage (hydraulic failure) in the wastewater network and its results are compared with the results of the artificial neural network (ANN). As a case study, here, a part of Isfahan wastewater network is investigated. The parameters such as age, pipe length, slope and depth as input data and the number of blockage are considered as the output data of the model. In this research, the number of blockage data in the wastewater network at 1394 and 1395 are used, in which the 70% of the data is used for training and 30% for the test. These data are classified in three way leading to three model. In the first model, data are classified based on the slope and in two other models the data are classified according to the cover depth. The results show that all models predicts the number of blockage with good accuracy. In addition the accuracy of the result of GP model is better than the ANN model. For example, for GP model, the values of R2 and RMSE for the second model at the training stage are 0.97 and 0.8 and at the test stage are equal to 0.94 and 0.69, respectively. However these values for ANN model are 0.96 and 0.95 at the training stage and 0.87 and 0.96 at the test stage respectively. These results show the superiority of the GP model in comparison with ANN model in which the results of second proposed model are better. The results of these proposed model can be used for preventive maintenance, prioritization of sewage network repairs and inspections, and finally to prevents the occurrence of suddenly accidents.

Shift-working is one of the most important problems among the nurses and co-exposure to noise can worsen this problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shift working and noise exposure on blood pressure of nurses in hospitals in the south of Iran in 2019.
 

In this cross sectional and descriptive-analytical study all 350 nurses from three hospitals in the south of Fars province were enrolled and using a researcher made questionnaire necessary data including occupational data, number of day and night shifts per week, demographic characteristics, and nurses' life habits were collected. Noise pressure level, noise frequency analysis at the workstations, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after the work shift. SPSS software version 19 was used to evaluate the relationship between these variables.

The mean noise pressure level in the Nurses' workstations before and after shift work was 51.67 and 69.27 dB, respectively. The highest equivalent noise pressure level was observed for nurses working in the delivery ward (mean: 64.33 dB-A). The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the nurses before and after the work shift was 104/ 66 and 109/ 70 mmHg, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the number of night shifts per week in studied nurses were 1.49 ± 1.29. The results showed that increasing the level of noise and the number of night shifts per week increases the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the nurses (R2 = 0.79 and 0.86, respectively).

Noise emitted from different sources in hospitals and simultaneous shift working aggravates cardiovascular disorders in nurses. Therefore, managerial and engineering interventions are needed to prevent adverse effects of noise and shift working.

Due to the presence of ionizing radiation sources in the environment and their potential to enter the food chain, the natural radiation in the rice product of Mahmoud Abadu residents of this area should be evaluated.

Using standard sampling methods, the number of sampling points and locations (about 10 points) was determined. After recording the geographical location of the sites, 2 kg of soil and 2 kg of rice were removed and 20 samples were coded. 950 g of soil and rice were milled and transferred to standard Marinelli dishes with 50 mesh. The samples were completely sealed and after about one month, they were visualized with ultra-pure germanium detectors (HPGe). Subsequently, specific radionuclide radiosensitivity in soil and rice soil samples, radionuclide transfer factors from soil to rice, annual effective dose and risk of cancer due to rice consumption were measured.

Effective total dose of nuclei studied in #value, lifetime cancer risk of U238 from #value to 0.00019, Ra226 from #value to 0.00008, U235 # value, Th232 from #value to 0.00027, K40 From 0.00014 to 0.00082 and finally for zero cesium.

 There is no harmful effect on the people of the region regarding the radionuclides of rice.

Due to the increasing crisis and scarcity of water, the proper allocation of available water resources is a major challenge for authorities in the Zayandehrood Basin. Agriculture, especially cultivation, has the highest water use in the basin. Therefore, how to allocate water in this section should be carefully considered. This study seeks to determine optimal water allocation based on increasing the welfare of consumption by estimating the economic value and functions of water in the cultivation sector using the Genetic algorithm method and the Kinked demand curve model in the Zayandehrood basin. In order to reduce agricultural risk, four years of data were considered and for this, two scenarios were considered. The results showed that the water allocation in most of the agricultural activities in the west of Zayandehrud has a negative economic value, which has led to a decrease in water welfare in this area. So, the best allocation in the agriculture sector was in the center and east of the basin. Also, the water demand function graph in Isfahan province is higher than the water demand function in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and welfare surplus due to water consumption in Isfahan province is about 694900268888 Rials. The results and suggestions in this study will help decision makers and managers to achieve optimal water use and sustainable planning in this basin.

The behaviour of gusset plates in concentric braced steel frames has been studied. Parameters studied are the thickness and shape of the gusset plate, use of linear and elliptical clearance, non-existence of clearance, edge, longitudinal and internal stiffeners, and use of a single- or double-profile bracing. Analysis has been performed by the three-dimensional non-linear finite element method using the ABAQUS code. Cyclic loading has been used. By eliminating the clearance, the plastic strains in weld between the gusset plate and bracing and plastic strains in the gusset plate are increased. In the weld between the gusset plate and bracing, the existence of any type of stiffeners has increased plastic strains compared to unstiffened gusset plates. In most cases, edge and longitudinal stiffeners have decreased plastic strains of the gusset plate and internal stiffeners have increased them The maximum energy dissipation has belonged to edge stiffeners with an increase of 15.4% compared to unstiffened gusset plates. By decreasing the thickness from 24 mm to 18.8 mm the maximum stress has been decreased by 3.5%. For similar gusset plates, use of single-profile bracing instead of double-profile bracing has not changed the value of maximum lateral load for compressive bracing. In this case, most of variation has belonged to the plastic strains of the weld between the gusset plate and bracing with an increase of 30% in a rectangular plate with a linear clearance and a reduction of 65% in a rectangular plate without clearance compared to a double-profile bracing.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy on improving marital satisfaction and reduction tendency to extramarital relationships women affected by domestic violence. The research design was based on a semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test approach and control group. The statistical population consisted of all women affected by domestic violence in Mashhad cities in 2018. Among them, 30 people have been selected in Convenience Sampling and randomly being assigned into two experimental and controls groups. The experimental group received an emotional couple therapy program in 8 sessions of 60 minutes for one month and, the control group didn't receive the intervention. Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (Olson, 1989), and Extramarital Relationships Questionnaire (ERQ) (Shirdel, 2007) were used in the pretest and posttest for collecting information. Data were analyzed using multivariable analysis of variance. The results of the research showed that after controlling the effect of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test in marital satisfaction and reduction tendency to extramarital relationships. According to the findings of the research, it can be stated that emotionally focused couple therapy to increase satisfaction and reduced tendency to extramarital relationships women affected by domestic violence. Therefore, emotionally concentrated couple therapy can be considered an excellent way to improve couples' conflicts and sexual problems.

The present study has tried to help the development of the branch of sustainability science by improving the characteristics of composite indicators, by proposing a new methodology for constructing sustainability composite indicators. In order to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed method in practice, its application has been presented for assessing agricultural sustainability levels in southeastern Iran (Kerman province). For this purpose, the base indicators in three dimensions of sustainability (economic, social and environmental) for the selected counties of the province were selected based on the literature review and comments of a panel of 15 academic experts and calculated using the data and information mainly collected from the Public Agricultural Census of 2014 and the Statistical Yearbook of 2015 in Kerman province and then normalized. Then, using the Fuzzy Pairwise Comparisons, social preferences for the relative importance of the indicators, based on the questionnaires designed for this purpose and completed by the panel, were introduced into the aggregating functions as weights. The outcomes of this methodology were economic, social, environmental and total sustainability composite indicators for each of the counties, using which the studied counties were ranked based on the relative levels of sustainability. Also, the sustainability of the area was determined in each of the three dimensions and in an overall manner. The results of the study indicate that the proposed method is able to enhance some of the features of the composite indicators in the sustainability assessment process and to support agricultural policy decisions, as a practical tool.

Longwall mining is one of the methods for coal extraction with high production efficiency, which requires a lot of initial investment to equip and prepare it. In the longwall mining process, with the advance of the coal face, the roof is damaged at the back of the coal face. To protect the main tunnels and access tunnels (Gaterodas) of the mine, the stresses created from the panel extraction are utilized in two ways. The first solution, which has the most important effect on the stability of the panel, is the placement of the chain pillar and the barrier pillar, and another way of installing the support in the main tunnels to control the tunnel convergence. Therefore, it is important to determine the width of the barrier pillar, which has the highest effect on mineral productivity and the least effect on the distribution of stress around the main tunnels. The main objective of this research is to obtain the appropriate width of the barrier pillar at the end of the E3 panel in the Tabas mechanized coal mine, so that the main tunnels of the mine have the lowest convergence. The FLAC3D software was used for numerical modeling. The results of various numerical models of the advancing coal face shows that width of the barrier pillar has an effect on the distribution of stress. Finally the result shows that the suitable width of the barrier pillar is 80 meters. Also, the result of economical investigation shows that 80 m pillar width causes more than 6000 tons of coal to be extracted.

While some philosopher believes that it is impossible for a free act to be determined, others consider that possible. the first group is named incompatibilist and the second compatibilist. Compatibilist should be able ,in addition to rejecting the arguments that is presented for incompatibilism, to present a criteria about the nature of free will that is compatible with determinism. they have presented various criteria. In this paper, the author intends to categorize and evaluate these criteria in the form of six titles, after determining what he means by the Free Will and Determinism. Having the ability and the absence of impediment, the ability of reflective self-evaluation, the ability of choosing according with the ones valuational system, the ability of understanding the true and good, having the guidance control, having proper history, are the criteria that have been discussed in this article. Finally, it is concluded that none of these criteria alone is sufficient and the only theory that includes all of these criteria can be an appropriate theory about the free will from viewpoint of compatibilism.

Sediment tracing method has been proven as a successful and effective method to determining sediment sources contribution in sediment yield in recent two decades. Ziarat drainage basin in Golestan province is one of the water supply resources in Gorgan city. The main lithological formations in the study area are Gorgan Schists, Quaternary alluvial deposits, Shemshak and Khosh yeylagh Formation which could have an important role in erosion and sediment yield. For tracing sediment, 14 samples of suspended sediment from catchment outlet during precipitation events and 43 representative samples of geologic formations (as sediment sources) from the soil surface (depth of 0-5 cm) were collected and geochemical elements, 137Cs and organic carbon were measured in the samples as tracers. The optimum set of tracers was selected by using Kruskal-Wallis test and discriminate function analysis. The results of this study indicate that the tracers including OC, 137Cs and Cu have the most potential to discriminate the sediment sources. The result of the sediment fingerprinting mixing model showed that Shemshak formation, fluvial deposition, Khosh yeylagh and Shist formation have 42, 31/9 and 23/7, 1.6% of the sediment contributions in sediment yield, respectively.