فهرست مطالب محمدرضا لوری زاده

Studying the malnutrition-related factors in adolescents and trying to eliminate this problem is one of the important factors in health and in constant development. The aim of this study was evaluating demographic indices respecting dietary intake of the most essential nutrients in female adolescent students. One hundred and seventy female adolescent high school students were selected randomly, included in a cross-sectional study and completed the demographic questionnaire. Nutrient intake was evaluated by a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. The gathered Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA test and Pearson correlation coefficients. Weekly consumption frequency of high fat foods was significantly higher in students with unemployed than employed mothers (P=0.026). Weekly consumption frequency of high calorie and low nutrient foods was significantly high in students having possessory house than lessee students (P= 0.029). There was a negative significant association between the number of family members with dairy consumption frequency of high calcium (r= 0. 19, P= 0.013) and high protein (r= 0.241, P=0.002) foods. The results show the obvious relationship between demographic indices and nutrients intake in female adolescents.

Promoting quality of clinical education necessitates continuous evaluation of the current situations, identifying strengths, and improving weaknesses. This study was designed to assess clinical education status according to the nursing and midwifery students’ point of view in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive study which was conducted in 2004-5, all senior nursing students who were doing a Bachelor of Science and senior midwifery students who were doing technician’s Course (250 students) were asked to complete a 36 item questionnaire in a self-administered way. The most important strengths of clinical education (according to mean scores) were “on time presence of the student in the ward” (89.06), then “on time presence of the instructor in the ward”, (85.05), “considering the pre-requisite clerkship courses”, (82.5), “proper instructors’ behavior with students”, (74.1), “clinical instructor’s interest in working”, (73.92), and “instructor’s clinical track record” (73.1). The most significant weaknesses of clinical education were related to “use of audiovisual aids in clinical atmosphere”, (9.84), “enough number of students in the ward”, (14.91), and “having facilities”, (19.68). Although some aspects of clinical education were good and excellent, improving positive aspects and modifying the weaknesses may be an effective step in promoting quality of clinical education. Repetitive assessments of clinical fields and comparing the current situation with the previous or next ones can reveal the strengths and weaknesses of clinical education.

Clinical education is considered as the heart of medicine and health care due to the importance of training expert manpower. To achieve this goal, education quality should be promoted, this requiring its continuous evaluation. In this regard, application of appropriate educational strategies by competent clinical trainers or instructors leads to an improvement in the clinical education outcomes. This study was carried out to assess the learning method of clinical skills and its barriers from the viewpoint of students of midwifery. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 employed BS midwives in Yazd Province who had a 6-month working experience using a questionnaire including demographic information and items on the common clinical skills grading, skills learning methods, and barriers to clinical learning. Having collected the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings of the study revealed that the rate of clinical skills was at a good level for most of the subjects (56.5%), at an intermediate level for 30.7 %, and at a low level for 12.8% of the subjects. The correlation coefficients were statistically significant between subject's level of clinical skills and age, department, and clinical experience. In studying the learning methods of clinical skills, 46.6% of learning was attributed to trainers, while 69.3% of the learning barriers were attributed to lack of sufficient cases during education, and 68.6% were attributed to insufficient practical training. Although the graduates had an acceptable level of clinical skills, the need for improving clinical education and administering continuous education programs for controlling and warranting care quality was markedly obvious. As the subjects reported, learning was attributed to trainers, while learning barriers were attributed to lack of sufficient cases during training, and insufficient practical training. Thus, through balancing student uptake, society needs, and the present educational means, we hope to see the promotion of care quality some day.

Characterized by an unexpected difficulty in and is characterized by Dyslexia is perhaps the most common neurobehavioral disorder affecting children. Many theories have discussed the etiology of dyslexia in which defect in visual perception is the current one. This study aims to determine the visual perception skill in children this research surveys visual perception of children affected by dyslexia as compared with the normal. In this cross-sectional study, children with dyslexia and 35 healthy children 35 recruited from elementary schools in Ahwaz by using Diagnostic Reading Test (Shirazi & Nilipour, 1381). They selected subjects performed TVPS-R tasks to determine the visual perceptual skill. There were no significant differences between visual perceptive skills of children with dyslexia in comparison with the normal children. (Kolmogrov- Smironov, t-Test).so this research collaborates with those seeking the other presumable causes of dyslexia. According to the results of this study, the underlying biological cause of the visual disorders and their precise Impact on reading still needs to be elucidated. The hypothesis of a magnocellular origin does not seem to be well supported.