فهرست مطالب مرتضی شریفی

Policy making is one of the suitable approaches in acquiring city developing goals and providing better services for citizens. This research was accomplished by the objective of policy making in the city services in municipality by using mixed approach. This research is an applied research. The research is accomplished by utilizing mixed approach in both quantity and quality areas. In quantity area, data was gathered by questionnaire tool. The research population consisted of 10 persons of expert managers of municipality. Dimensions and components of screening and selecting were done by Fuzzy Delphi and utilizing Fuzzy DEMATEL method, their relationship was determined then the pattern was designed, and finally by using Fuzzy Analytical Network Process weighed and prioritized. The findings of the quality part indicated that the pattern included five dimensions including: “environmental”, “economical”, “cultural”, “contextual”, and “operational” dimensions orderly and 20 components. The findings of quantity part and Fuzzy DEMATEL indicated that there is a kind of relationship between dimensions, so that the “environmental”, “economical”, “cultural”, “contextual”, “operational” dimensions have mutual effects on each others, orderly. The weighing findings also showed that the “operational” dimension had the most weight, and the components “human capacity”, “evaluation”, and “implementation” acquired the first, second and third importance, orderly. So, it is proposed that the managers of municipality concentrate on human resources to implement the proposed pattern for enabling the human resources in interoffice part and have coordination with superiors in out of organization part.

The significant growth in the amount of use of management information systems in different work departments of organizations has caused researchers in the field of information technology management to pay more attention to improving productivity in these systems. The purpose of this research is to identify the cause and effect (causal) mathematical model of the productivity of management information systems in the field of human resources.

This research has used a mixed exploratory approach. First, the conceptual model was calculated using the previous sources, and then the mathematical model of cause and effect was created using the quantitative method of Fuzzy DEMATEL (in six steps). The reliability and validity of the questionnaires of fuzzy DEMATEL pairwise comparisons have been confirmed by using the test-retest method and the content validity method of Lawshe, respectively.

Among the main productivity dimensions of the human resources management information system, the dimension of "intelligence" is the most effective dimension. The "innovation" dimension is the most effective dimension. The dimension of "innovation" has the highest degree of interaction with other dimensions and the dimension of "intelligence" has the highest degree of causality.

Since "effectiveness" is the main problem and "intelligence" is the main solution to the problem, placing the dimension of "intelligence" and the components of "organizational effect" and "individual effect" and "user satisfaction" in the focus of attention; The main priority of the management information system maintenance and development team in Naja's human resources department is to improve productivity.

The development of tourism in rural areas depends on various indicators including services. In fact, services are one of the most important needs to attract tourism and continue its sustainability in rural areas. Therefore, it is undeniable that villages have various services for the development of tourism. In this research, the aim is to investigate the state of tourism development services in the target rural areas and then formulate the optimal strategies in this field. In this study, Shayvand village in Dezpart county of Khuzestan province has been selected as a target village for tourism. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on survey data. The statistical population of the research is made up of tourists, 160 of whom were randomly questioned. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through elites and the reliability was also confirmed with Cronbach's coefficient equal to 0.802. The result showed that the types of tourism services were quantitatively and qualitatively significant at the level of less than 0.05. Quantitatively, the average of the test was equal to 3.128, and as a result, the quantitative status of the service was evaluated as average. In this field, the services related to visiting attractions have the best status with an average of 4.437. In terms of service quality, the average equal to 2.245 confirms that the quality of tourism services is evaluated poorly. In order to improve the quality and quantity of tourism services, 4 strategies are presented, including expanding the quality of services (37.059), improving social capital (25.374), protecting and improving the quality of the environment (9.524) and emphasizing local capacity (7.959) has been.

By studying and examining the contemporary urban landscape, it becomes evident that the primary concern of this study is research about urban design and aesthetic concepts in urban architecture, environmental graphics, and elements such as color which are often neglected by urban design managers and what mainly receive their attention are roads and building construction. When it comes to being colorful, our cities require considerable change so that the urban view and landscapes can be perceived as more beautiful. To solve these issues and problems, the comprehensive plan of the city's color palette is considered in this study. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the purpose of the research is study and to emphasize the necessity to develop a comprehensive color palette for the city, by analyzing and understanding the core concept of color in urban planning and architecture, the color utilization in the city, developing a comprehensive plan for the color palette of the city, developing comprehensive color palette document of the city, and management of color landscape of the city. The results of the study show that the management of the color landscape of the city can be promoted by paying attention to the urban landscapes, environmental graphics, and improved urban space development. Moreover, these mentioned results can be an efficient step forward to improving the quality of urban environments and developing an implementation for the comprehensive color palette plan for the city.

The Dumak ophiolitic mélange in the Baluchistan region is one of the ophiolitic mélanges that contains all of the components of a complete ophiolite, located in the middle parts of the western margin of the Eastern Iranian range. Field studies indicate the presence of a large volume of pillow lavas in different parts of the Dumak mélange. The outcrop of sheeted dikes associated with the Dumak mélange is limited to the Shuru region. These dikes present below the pillow lava and Cretaceous pelagic sediments. Compositionaly, most of pillow lavas and sheeted dikes are basalt. Variations in SiO2 to FeOt/MgO in the pillow lavas and sheeted dikes indicates a tholeiitic trend for their productive magma. The pattern of REE elements and amounts of (La/Sm)N in these rocks are similar to E-MORB. The study of pillow lavas and sheeted dykes of Dumak ophiolitic mélange shows that the MORB ophiolitic body in Dumak has been gradually and continuously evolved in a supra-subduction zone environment and beginning of intra-oceanic subduction. Considering structural evidence of the region, after adding the Dumak ophiolite to the Lut block, during the continuation of tectonic movements related to orocline bending, a new mélange has formed with the presence of Eocene carbonate blocks.

In this article with aim to understand how form artillery square spatial pattern in a city of Iran, it is tried to track the space background and basic factors involved in it's forming. For this, Shiraz historical structure and governmental centers of ages before zandieh has been examined to know the square bed. Also, we have defined and analyzed the word 'square' to answer this hypothesis whether artillery have been square or formed from a created space. The artillery space has some features of square in terms of operation and surrounded space but on shape and body had been converted into discontinuous body with irregular form due to it's connection to the city old texture. Generally, combining buildings with different operations around the square represents the importance of collecting citizens in a general space and reinforcing social communications in the square, and these combinations give different forms to the square in term of role, performance and characteristics of buildings around the square. Surrounded by defined and continuous walls is one of the square main characteristics. One of the features of the Buildings is it’s attaching to the square directly. The square importance is not limited to it's apparent shape and form rather as it is a place of gathering civilizations in most cases is important due to recalling historical events and social needs. The study structure is based on scientific - historical-library resources and first and second hand written and pictorial resources, and evidence analysis and evaluation has been conducted in interpretive_historical form.

          In this article, with the aim of understanding how the spatial pattern of "artillery square" in the Iranian cities is formed, the background of this space and the fundamental factors involved in its formation are analyzed. Creating a very strong image of the city provides the basis for people to be balanced with the environment. In his civil works, Karim Khan paid more attention to the comfort and improvement of the people than more than to the beauty of the city. The art and architecture of the Karim Khan period is a combination of the former architecture of Iran and the continuation of traditional architecture in order to flourish the art and architecture and native engineering techniques.The enclosure of the Artillery Square in Shiraz during the time of Karim Khan Zand with defined and continuous walls is one of the main features of this square in which there is no interruption in the body of the square. In general, combining buildings with different functions around the square shows the importance of gathering citizens in a public space and strengthening social relations in the Zandieh period.

          The first form of the structure of the city of Shiraz in the pre-Safavid period is related to its prosperity during the time of Al-e-Buyeh, the fourth century AH. At the time of Al-e-Buyeh, urban elements were established along the Azdi aqueduct and the overall structure of the city was formed as a single center. In the Atabakan period, the separation of urban functions according to the axis parallel to the aqueduct was observed and the central structure was weakened and tended to a corner of the city. In the Safavid period, the backbone of Shiraz, while maintaining the previous position, moved to the north, but due to the surrounding urban spaces by neighborhoods, the new Safavid complex has been formed in line with the old complex and at a distance from the previous complex. Urban open spaces are mainly formed within the elements based on the introverted pattern of urban texture and are transformed into urban squares in stages of ossification development.The first task of the Karim Khan dynasty was to select and decorate the city of Shiraz as the capital, which is not only a strategic and administrative base, but also a psychological weapon to strive for the continuation of public support and their national prestige. Karim Khan built tall buildings with large and stretched spaces due to the dual spirit of "people-war". His designs were a mixture of the architecture of the predecessors and the architecture of the Safavids. It has used the architectural elements of its predecessors, especially the Achaemenids, Sassanids, Safavids and Seljuks in their external and internal buildings and facades.   In general, the ossification of the Shiraz city in Zandieh period has been in line with the market as in the past, and the new urban complex has been developed in a westerly direction. In the Safavid period, unlike the Atabakan period, when the texture of the ossification area was compact and attached to each other, the urban texture was formed around open urban spaces (squares), but in the Zandieh period, the density and openness of the city texture was not similar to the Safavid period. In the context of this period, there are a series of buildings that are separate, which include open and closed spaces separately. A square is a space or place with regular or irregular dimensions that acts as a place for specific activities or functions (permanently or at specific times, periodically). Square identity is defined by three main elements: "function", "center" and "side". Squares are geometrically designed in two ways and lack regular design.

          The existence of the "open urban space" of the Safavid period, due to its features and potentials, allows prisoners to use part of this space and change it to a larger square called "artillery square". Its features and potentials include: connection to the old Safavid context and connection with Vakil Mosque, proximity to Vakil Bazaar, government garden, possibility of development and expansion, and in general position, being at the top of the city entrance from Baghshah gate and also connection with Isfahan Gate through Vakil Bazaar. General characteristics of artillery square are as follows: Karimkhani Square as an urban facility and arsenal consists of three sections: 1. The political section, including the Pergola Mansion and the Madhouse; 2. The economic sector, including the market; and 3. The military sector, which included the training square. In this square, the citadel served as the king's house and the main core of the square.The Artillery Square performance is as follows: In the era of Karim Khan, this square was a place where cannons were kept, which, according to William Franklin, were not used. In the square and in front of the citadel, there was a platform on which Khan's music group played a song every day at sunrise and sunset. The Nasiri Farsnameh also states that in this square, soldiers were trained to practice the system. The Characteristics of the spaces around the artillery square including Vakil Bazaar, Vakil Mosque, Bagh-e Nazar, Arg and Divankhaneh as some of the surrounding spaces, are described in detail in this article. The general body of the artillery square, i. e. spaces and buildings in this square are placed side by side and because they have different functions, they display different views in the body of the square. One of the prominent features of Karimkhani buildings is the predominance of the functional role of the building over their form and aesthetic characteristics. In Karim Khani buildings, simplicity and strength can be clearly seen and in the proportions of this building, the climatic conditions of Shiraz have been considered.

      Urban space as a linguistic unit of urban design can be described objectively and mentally. In objective perception, two aspects are raised: the physical perception of space and the experience of space. In mental perception, all areas that are the place of public functions and social activities are built within the urban space. In the urban design of this period, the functional aspects have been given more importance than the aesthetic values. The importance of the square is not limited to its appearance and form, but because it is a public gathering place for citizens, in most cases it is important for remembering historical events and social needs.

In the civil engineering industry, concrete is a material that is widely used and highly significant. </em>The production of colored concrete has also been considered in recent decades as one of the emergent research projects in the desired industry. Using colored concretes in prominent urban structures, besides adding the desired resistance to usual concrete and other materials, play an important role in improving the urban`s color palette and the visual richness of urban environments. This study aims to investigate the effect of mineral pigments on the compressive strength of colored concrete by focusing on the role of the improved color palette in current cities of Iran. For this purpose, the samples of colored concrete with 2, 4, and 6% pigments compared to ordinary concrete were tested. The research results showed that the percentage increase in the strength of colored pigmentation of concrete samples compared to the usual concrete was 2.3%, 4.9%, and 8%, respectively, which emphasizes the strength and rigidity of colored concrete to be used in urban structures.</em>

In the petrochemical industry, there are various harmful factors that lack of attention and proper management will have adverse consequences for the organization and employees. The aim of this study was to Identifying and assessment the health hazards of the petrochemical industry using the localized JHA method.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study that conducted in one of Iran's petrochemicals, in order to assess the health risk caused by harmful factors was used from localized JHA method. First, after determining the desired job and dividing it into job duties, the number of tasks was specified. Then, in order to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN), from multiplication of 3 factors of probability of occurrence, severity and frequency of exposure was used. All calculations were performed by Excell.

The results showed that from 353 calculated risks, 93.48% of the total risks are at the acceptable risk level, 4.82% of the risks are at the low importance level and 1.7% is at risk level with medium importance. Also, at between the studied hazards, ergonomic harmful factors with 22%, had the highest frequency and biological harmful factors with 1% had the lowest frequency of hazards.

Regarding to importance of health hazards, in addition to identifying and evaluating them, it is necessary to determine and implement appropriate management measures to reduce and control of risk levels to prevent from accidents and related occupational diseases and the heavy costs.

Anarak ophiolite, belonging to Paleozoic, formed along with the tectonic evolution of the Paleo- Tethys Ocean, consisting of meta- peridotites of mantle and crust, cumulate rocks, massive gabbros, pillow lava, basic and ultrabasic dikes, rodingite and listwanite covered all by schist and marble units. The olistolithic patches of Anarak ophiolite have commonly exposed in Sebarz schist, within the sole of Chah-Gorbeh complex. Olistoliths composed of listwanite, meta- mafic, serpentinite and meta- peridotite olistoliths varying from centimeter to several hundred meters in size. The results of electron microprobe analyses show that the fundamental rock- forming minerals of the listwanitized olistoliths are chromian spinel and pyroxene, secondary minerals including calcite, garnet, tremolite, chlorite, magnetite and opaque minerals. Meta- mafic olistoliths composed of chromian spinel, sphene, epidote, chlorite and opaque minerals. Serpentinized olistoliths consist of chromian spinel, magnetite, tremolite, talc and chlorite. It also shows that the meta- peridotite olistoliths composed of chromian spinel, chrome-bearing magnetite, chlorite, calcite, garnet and antigorite. Based on the geochemical analyses, Cr# in the listwanite patches, meta- mafic, serpentinite and meta- peridotite olistoliths are 87.40- 97.92, 49.38- 51.89, 49.22- 60.05 and 29.76- 55.97 respectively with very low amount of TiO2. The different in chemical composition of minerals in the North Anarak complex shows different petrogenesis for ophiolitic olistoliths suggests characteristic of the MORB and/or supra- subduction zone.

Futurology is the scientific study of possible and desirable developments in the future, so as to provide the necessary insight to design its requirements. From the perspective of futurology, prediction of the future is not possible precisely. However, a comprehensive plan can be presented, in which all possible states with the potential to become the future can be explored and identified. On the other hand, research in the engineering futurology and analyzing the upcoming technologies is the investigation of science-based changes and the powerful challenges of innovation by focusing on the social issues and concerns. The analysis of the future-oriented engineering technologies is the identification of the complex and dynamic systems and processes in such a collective and interdisciplinary way that seeks to create a correct and clear understanding of the future for the stakeholders and provide a platform for sustainable development. In this paper, we briefly mention some important technological forces, which will change the future, and give us a vision of the superior technology roadmap.

In recent years due to the significant growth in the use of management information systems in organizations researchers in this field have found an increasing tendency to improve the productivity of these systems. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions components and productivity indicators of management information systems in the field of human resources.

In this research a mixed exploratory approach has been used. First the conceptual model taken from previous sources was calculated using the qualitative Meta Synthesis method and then the model validation was performed using the fuzzy Delphi quantitative

This study while reviewing and analyzing the literature in the field of productivity of management information systems extracted the dimensions of "effectiveness efficiency quality innovation and intelligence" and then compares the similar and dissimilar results of the present study with other studies. Has been paid.

NAJA Manpower Deputy needs to improve its productivity for the optimal development of the comprehensive manpower system. In this regard the present study has provided guidelines by enumerating the conceptual model of management information systems productivity in the field of human resources. Therefore for researchers in the field of information systems both theoretically and applied research is useful research.

Cenozoic volcanic activities in the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) have occurred in three main pulses of Eocene, upper Oligocene-Pliocene, and Pio-Quaternary (Dilek et al., 2010, Sayari, 2015). Magmatic activities in the UDMA until a few years ago were marked with calc-alkaline and occasionally shoshonitic signatures. Recent studies have reported post-collisional adakites in some parts of the UDMA (e.g., Ghadami et al., 2008; Omrani et al., 2008; Sayari, 2015; Sayari and Sharifi, 2018). Since magmatic genesis of calc-alkaline, shoshoitic, and especially adakites are absolutely different, variation in the volcanism nature of Iran is a key to recognition of geodynamic evolution of Iran. This study tries to analyze the volcanic evolution in the central part of the UDMA by systematically processing of geochemical database for three main Cenozoic volcanic pulses.   

Whole rock reliable ICP-MS analysis data from scientific texts having exact location coordinates were gathered to form a geochemical geodatabase which includes 99 samples. This database spatially covers around 200 km in the central part of the UDMA from 51°15´E and 33°47´N (north of Isfahan) to 52°57´E and 32°35´N (east of Isfahan).  

Analysis of the geochemical geodatabase indicates that none of the samples belong to alkaline and tholeiitic magmatic series. About 71 percent of group 1 (volcanic pulse of Eocene) are calc-alkaline, and the remaining 29 percent are shoshonitic. About 67 percent of group 2 (volcanic pulse of Oligocene-Miocene) are shoshonitic, and the remaining 33 percent are calc-alkaline. About 88 percent of group 3 (volcanic pulse of Plio-Quaternary) are adakite, and the remaining nearly 12 percent are both calc-alkaline/shoshonitic (samples CN4, JS13, OG4 and SK1 of Khodami, 2009). Adakitic samples are situated in two areas in Joshaghan-Ghohrud and Kajan-Kahang. Sayari and Sharifi (2018) showed that there is a correlation between UDMA adakites and positive lithospheric thickness anomalies. They showed that adakites in the central part of UDMA are restricted to 4 regions exactly where lithosphere and crust are anomalously thicker than the surrounding. In the areas where adakites lie, lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is situated deeper than 212 km (Sayari and Sharifi, 2018). The geochemical aspect of the studied adakites which are all related to the third volcanic pulse of UDMA shows that they have been derived from the subducted slab. They do not have adakite-like or crust-derived adakites characteristics.

The results indicate that volcanic activities from Eocene to Quaternary have evolved from calc-alkaline to shoshonitic signatures and then turned into adakitic nature. Calc-alkaline and shoshonitic magmatism resulted from partial melting of the mantle wedge, while adakitic magmatism resulted from partial melting of the subducted slab. This means that the origin of the third volcanic pulse has shifted from mantle wedge to slab. According to the La/Sm versus La diagram (Aldanmaz, 2000) calc-alkaline samples have been derived from about 15% partial melting of the spinel-garnet lherzolite, and the shoshonitic samples have resulted from about 3% partial melting of the spinel-garnet lherzolite. Based on La/Yb versus Yb diagram (Bourdon et al., 2002), adakites from Kajan-Kahang have been derived from about 10% partial melting of the garnet amphibolite. Moreover, the Adakites from Joshaghan-Ghohrud have resulted from about 6% partial melting of the hornblende eclogite.

Wireless sensor networks’ characteristics and limitations have led to severe challenges in their security. In this paper, one of the most common attacks, named as the Byzantine attack, has been studied. A sensor network with a mobile data fusion center is considered, and an optimized data collecting method is proposed which can apply the Neyman-Pearson criterion in a particular case of hard decision making. It means that keeping the false alarm rate constant, the detection probability is maximized. Using statistical data analysis, a closed model is obtained with an acceptable speed of convergence in a various number of sensors and attackers in the network. Then a novel malicious sensor detection scheme is exploited to identify the attack strength using the Hamming distance between every sensor report and the final decision. The simulation results show the superior performance of applying the proposed method in the decision process and also the proposed attack detection method in comparison with the conventional methods.

The typology and personality of employees in different organizationsis a new, important and necessary issue. The application of this issuein human resource management causes an increasing tendency to recognizethe personality traits of employees and has led to the development of variouspersonality typology tests. Therefore, the study of the relationship betweendifferent personality types with topics such as productivity, motivation andemployee abuse rate has been considered by researchers in the field of management.The present study aims to identify and categorize the offender’sstaff and provide a scientific model for predicting offenses using data miningtechniques. This research is applied and is a descriptive survey that has beenimplemented in two phases related to each other. The first phase of the personalitytypology of the offender and the second phase of the model and theclustering of prediction of employee abuse on the basis of data mining hasbeen presented. The results of the first phase of the research indicate that thehighest frequency of personality types among the offender staff belongs to thefour types of personality “ISTJ”, “ESTJ”, “ISTP” and “INTJ” respectively.These four types constitute 78.41% of the total number of interviewees. The“financial crimes” have been the most frequent crime committed by the group.The following titles belong to “moral crimes”, “drug crimes”, and “specialmilitary offenses”. Also, the results of the second phase show that clandestineemployees are clustered in three main clusters, and the categorization patternand employee offense prediction were calculated in a 10-dimensional model.

The Aliabad area is located in the northwest of Nain. Volcanic rocks of the Aliabad area have andesitic to rhyolitic composition.On the basis of petrographic investigations, porphyritic texture is the main texture of these rocks. Thus, they have experienced two crystallization stages. In these rocks, phenocrysts have been crystallized in the first stage, and in the second stage the cooling processes were fast, resulting in a groundmass of glass and fine crystals.The second stage of crystallization in these rocks took place at (near) the earth surface. The composition of phenocrysts such as amphibole, biotite and pyroxene provide valuable data about magmatic series, pressure, and temperature history of the primary magma during crystallization. In this study, the clinopyroxene of these rocks was analyzed in order to estimate the physicochemical conditions of the parent magma.

Field work in the Aliabad area was carried out to identify volcanic units and their relationships. About 65 samples were collected. Thin sections were prepared for petrographic studies to select suitable samples of the volcanic rocks for more detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies. The chemical composition of minerals was determined using a wavelength dispersive EPMA (Cameca-SX 100) at Iran Minerals Research and Processing Center. Analytical conditions for the minerals were accelerating voltage of and a beam current of 15 nA. 15 kV.  Also, the Minpet software package was used for processing the relevant data and calculating the structural formula of clinopyroxene minerals based on 6 oxygen atoms.

The chemical compositions of clinopyroxenes were used to estimate the chemical evolution and P-T conditions of the magmas during crystallization. Microprobe analyses show that clinopyroxenes in the andesitic rocks are augite (En43-45Wo 38-42 Fs14-18).According to the clinopyroxene thrmobarometry calculations done by several methods, it was inferred that the clinopyroxenes are crystallized at temperatures of 1009-1200 °C and pressures of 2.5-7 kbar.By noting the distribution of aluminum in clinopyroxenes, these phenocrysts were formed in a range of low to medium pressure that shows the crystallization of those during the ascending of magma in different depths of 9 to 18 km. According to the Helz diagram (1973), the amount of water is about 10 percent. Clinopyroxene composition along petrographic investigations in the studied rocks confirm that ƒO2 is high.

The Aliabad area is located in the Urumieh- Dokhtar volcanoplutonic belt, Northwest of Nain- Iran. In the Aliabad area, the exposed Cenozoic volcanic rocks are compositionally from andesite to rhyolite. These rocks show porphyritic, trachytic, and amygdaloidal textures under the microscope and they consist of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, sanidine, quartz, opaque and apatite.The andesitic rocks of the Aliabad area are composed mainly of plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocrysts in a groundmass of plagioclase microlites and fine crystals of pyroxene and opaque minerals along with glass. According to the ternary diagram of Wo-En-Fs (Morimoto, 1989), the studied clinopyroxenes are augite in composition. The physical (pressure and temperature) conditions of a magma during crystallization is recorded in the chemical composition of the clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Therefore, clinopyroxenes are representative of magma composition and usually are used for identifying the chemical condition i.e. magmatic series and physical conditions, temperature and pressure of a magma at the time when clinopyroxene was crystallized. Several methods that are applied for this purpose are as follows:1- The Soesoo (1997) method Based on this approach, the pressure and temperature formation of the Aliabad clinopyroxenes are about 3.5-6 kbar and 1150-1200 °C, respectively.2- The Sayari and Sharifi (2014) method According to this method, the pressure and temperature formation of the studied samples are about 2.48-4.8 kbar and 1074-1094 °C, respectively. 3- The Nimis and Taylor (2000) method Using this method, the temperature formation of clinopyroxenes in the Aliabad area is about 1009-1083 °C.

The authors of the manuscript would like to thank the respectable reviewers for valuable suggestions and also Dr. Sayari for his help in using the SCG software.

Two concepts that are being considered in Philosophy of Chemistry are Reduction and Emergence. These concepts have a major rule in arguing that special sciences, have kind of independence from physics. After sketching a conceptual framework about the issue, we have had a critical review about Alex Manafu's argument about the rule of chemistry in debate about Reduction and Emergence in Philosophy of Science.He argue that chemistry has some special advantages in study of Reduction and Emergence in Philosophy of Science. we have showed that his argument cannot give us a firm ground for attaching these advantages to Chemistry. We then propose a distinction between Ontological complexity and Epistemological complexity and then show how Manafu's arguments are faulty due to ignoring this distinction

Increasing patients' expectations about restorative therapies and the beauty of researchers encourages researchers to study more about materials and methods that have the desired appearance for patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate theeffect of repeated firing on color changes of lithium disilicate (with high and low translucency). In this in-vitro study, 20 samples of high and low lithium disilicate were prepared forboth groups (n = 10). Samples were sectioned and polished to provide a thickness of 1mm. The specimens were subjected to firing for three times. The color coordinationafter the first and second firing were measured using spectrophotometer. Delta E was calculated between first and second firing.the data were analyzed by SPSS (version 16) stastical software (α = 0.05). The mean and standard deviation of low translucency was 1.342 ± 0.88 and high transcendental was 0.757 ± 0.49.Pair- wise comparison of color change prepared by three times firing in lithium dicliate samples caused higher ΔE of LDS with low translucent significantly (p value = 0.019). Multiple firing casued significantly higher color changes in lithium disilicate with low translucency than that of with high translucent.

In learning organizations, there is a common goal in the learning organizations that they believe in, and this leads to a balance between the energy and the ability of individuals and ultimately leads to the achievement of the main goals of the university. In this research, we tried to understand the impact of learning organizations on organizational intelligence with the role of mediating intellectual capital (studied by Islamic Azad University, Tehran South Branch) and was analyzed based on the framework and conceptual model.
The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran's south branch, with 120 people. In this study, three questionnaires were used to collect data. Its validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by 87% Cronbach's alpha. To analyze the data SPSS and Lizrerl have been used. The analysis of data collected through a questionnaire has been done in two levels of descriptive and inferential analysis.
Results and According to the results of statistical analysis, learning organizations have an impact on organizational intelligence with the role of mediating intellectual capital. The learning environment affects organizational intelligence with the mediating role of intellectual capital. The learning process affects the organizational intelligence with the role of the mediating variable of intellectual capital. The strengthening of leadership learning has an impact on organizational intelligence with the role of the mediating variable of intellectual capital.

The Anarak ophiolite, with E-W trending, located at north of Anarak. In addition to the gabbros in Anarak ophiolite sequence, intrusion of metasomatized gabbros injected into the ophiolite of Anarak in the form of stocks and dykes. metasomatized gabbros are younger than Anarak ophiolite and older than Anarak metamorphic assemblage and contain diopside, augite, actinolitic hornblende, actinolite, tremolite, phlogopite, albite, oligoclase, pycnochlorite, penninite, epidote, garnet, sphene, prehnite, calcite and opaque minerals. Penetration of seawater into the lower crust and upper mantle led to high temperature matasomatism in the gabbros. Positive Pb anomaly and negative Ta,Nb and Ti anomalies in whole rock and minerals chemistry of clinopyroxene and amphibole are markers of volcanic arc tectonic environments and association with subduction zones. Crystallization temperatures of diopside, phlogopite, actinolitic hornblende, actinolite and chlorite are 1150-1200 °C, 750 °C, 600 °C, 450 °C and 360-540 °C respectively.

The Nabar area that is a part of the Urumieh- Dokhtar volcano- plutonic belt is located in the south of Kashan. Research works such as Emami (Emami, 1993) and Abbasi (Abbasi, 2012) have been done about the geology of this area.
Rock units in the study area contain middle- upper Eocene intermediate to acidic lavas and pyroclastic rocks, green marl, shale and sandy marls of Oligo- Miocene, limestones of Qom formation, intrusive granitoids with Oligo- Miocene age and quaternary travertine and recent alluvium (Emami, 1993). The volcanic and sub volcanic rocks of this area are composed of andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, rhyolite and porphyric pyroxene diorite along with pyroclastic rocks.
In order to achieve the aims of this work, at first field surveying and sampling were done. Then, thin and polished thin sections were prepared. Some of the samples were selected for microprobe analysis and clinopyroxene minerals were analyzed by using JEOL- JXA-8800 analyzer with a voltage of 20 Kv and a current of 12 nA in the Kanazava University of Japan and Cameca-Sx100 analyzer with a voltage of 15 Kv and a current of 15 nA in the Iranian mineral processing research center, Karaj.
On the basis of petrographic investigations, porphyritic, porphyroid, fluidal, amygdaloidal and porphyry with microlitic groundmass are common textures of these rocks. Also plagioclase, clinopyroxene, amphibole, biotite, sanidine and quartz are essential minerals, opaque, zircon and apatite as accessory minerals are observed in the studied rocks. Clinopyroxenes are observed with corona texture that resulted during the uralitization process. On the basis of minerals’ chemistry, pyroxenes are Fe- Mg- Ca type in composition (Morimoto et al., 1988). These clinopyroxenes are augite. Investigations indicate that mineral composition of clinopyroxene can be effectively used to evaluation the P-T conditions during crystallization. Previous research works have proposed several methods such as Soesoo (Soesoo, 1997) and Putrika (Putrika, 2008). Thermobarometric studies of clinopyroxenes reveal that Nabar rocks were formed at temperatures of 900 -1200 ˚C and the pressure of 2-5 kbar. According to the Aoki and Shiba (Aoki and Shiba, 1973) and Helz (Helz, 1973) approaches, the pyroxenes of the studied rocks are in a range of low to medium pressure that shows crystallization of clinopyroxenes during ascending of magma in different depths. Also according to Helz (Helz, 1973), the water vapor content in the crystallization of clinopyroxenes is more than 10 percent. Using AlIV versus AlIV 2Ti Cr diagram which depends on the amount of ferric iron in pyroxenes, we can get oxygen fugacity. Based on this diagram, the pyroxenes which crystalized at high oxygen fugacity, has been situated above the line of Fe3. Furthermore, Cameron and Papike (Cameron and Papike, 1981) have mentioned to the distances of the samples from the Fe3 line and noted that further distances of the samples from this line are indicating more oxygen fugacities in their geological setting. On the basis of this diagram samples were located above the line of Fe3橷 these rocks are formed in high oxygen fugacities. Pyroxene composition depends on the chemical composition and tectonic setting of the host lava which can be used widely to determine tectonic setting of the rocks. On the basis of approaches of Le Bas (Le Bas, 1962) and Sun and Bertrand (Sun and Bertrand, 1991), the chemical composition of clinopyroxenes shows that the studied rocks are related to calc-alkaline series and orogenic settings.
On the basis of mineral chemistry, pyroxenes are Fe-Mg-Ca type in composition. These clinopyroxenes are augite. Thermometric studies of clinopyroxenes reveal that Nabar rocks are formed at temperatures of 900-1200 ˚C. According to the distribution of aluminum in clinopyroxenes, these minerals were formed at 2-5 k bar pressure and water vapor content of more than 10 percent. Therefore, pyroxenes of the Nabar rocks are in a range of low to medium pressure that shows crystallization of clinopyroxenes during ascending of magma in different depths. Moreover, the volcanic rocks in Nabar were formed in high oxygen fugacity. The chemical composition of clinopyroxenes reveals that these rocks are related to calc-alkaline series and orogenic settings.