فهرست مطالب مهدی وطن پرست

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of districts 1 and 6 of Mashhad municipality in terms of urban creativity indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research questionnaire was designed based on creativity indicators and then this questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population of the research and the information collected in SPSS software was organized. The results of research in region one showed that the human capital index with an average score of 3.52 is better than the other three indicators. Structural, cultural and social capital indicators were ranked second to fourth, respectively. Finally, the average score for the creativity index in the region was one equal to 3.04. The results in region six showed that the social capital index with an average score of 2.91 has a better situation than the other three indices. Structural, cultural and human capital indices were ranked second to fourth, respectively. Finally, the average score for the creativity index in the region was six times equal to 1.98. Based on the results of independent t-test at 99% confidence level, it can be said that there is a significant difference between zones one and six in terms of urban creativity indicators. Based on the comparison of average scores, only in terms of social capital index, region six was in a better position than region one. But in terms of the other three indicators, the situation in Region One was better.

Urban settlements are facing complex issues due to physical expansion and population growth. In fact, with the expansion of cities and increasing problems of urban life, people's expectations from officials to create welfare opportunities have increased, and for this reason, it is necessary to build a smart city.

is descriptive-analytical, and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of the city of Bojnourd. In this research, 7 main indicators and 74 sub-indices related to the intelligent society are studied. T-test and confirmatory factor analysis have been used for data analysis.

The results showed that the index of social and ethnic multiplicity obtained the highest average score of 3.87 and is in a better position than other indicators. The competency level index with an average score of 3.55 is in second place. The public life participation index is also in the third place with an average score of 2.97. According to the results, the indicators of flexibility, urbanism, interest in learning over time and creativity are ranked fourth to seventh, respectively. The results of ranking and explaining the importance of indicators showed that, from the perspective of experts, the global urbanism index (F) with a coefficient of 0.218 is more important than other indicators in achieving an intelligent society.

The indicators of social and ethnic pluralism (C) and participation in public life (G) are in the second and third ranks.The results of two-dimensional analysis in the city of Bojnourd showed that the two indicators of creativity and the world of urbanism are of great importance and are not in a good position for the local people. Therefore, in the city of Bojnourd, in order to develop an intelligent society in the first steps, the situation of these two indicators must be improved.

Smart city as an approach that has paid attention to all aspects of human life and it can be boldly said that it has brought together all the effective ideas and approaches in solving the problems of urban life, in fact it can be said that smart city is a new concept in the program. Rezi is a city that requires infrastructure changes in the three categories of information and communication technology, management and policymaking, and human resources for its implementation.In the smart city model, various technologies are combined and used to improve the lives of citizens. Therefore, the smart city is not a reality, but a strategy in the process of urban planning and management, in fact, what moves a city towards smartness is not only the use of electronic tools and communication systems of that city; Rather, it is the way of planning and using this tool to improve the quality of life of the citizens of a city. Therefore, this model as an alternative solution for solving urban problems should be given special attention by managers and planners. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of smart factors on urban management in the municipality of Mashhad region. According to the listed theories and approaches, 3 types of processes in the smartening of cities can be proposed. One type of process is a top-down process that is technology-oriented and tries to operate by using the capabilities of information and communication technology and by defining projects in order to manage more efficiently and increase productivity. In the bottom-up process, the emphasis on citizens' participation and a type of digital democracy and digital education of citizens and the use of social media reached the smart city, and the third type of process is a combination of the above two types of processes.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and its data was collected with the help of a questionnaire. The statistical population includes all the residents of a region of Mashhad municipality, and according to the population of 201373 people, the number of 384 people was obtained as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to obtain the reliability of the questionnaire.
District 1 of Mashhad Municipality has 12 customary and registered neighborhoods, according to the latest census data in Mashhad's neighborhood atlas project, the total population of District 1 is 201,373 people, of which 98,789 are men and 102,584 are women.

The results related to the "smart economy" variable have the highest average of "the spread and penetration of the Internet among families" and equal to 3.282. The lowest average is related to "strategic program for the expansion of Internet businesses and its development in the virtual space" and is equal to 2.384. In the study of "Intelligent Dynamics", the highest average is related to "the level of penetration of the use of information and communication technologies among citizens" and is equal to 3.775. The lowest average is related to "internet bandwidth and coverage" and is equal to 3.308. In the study of "smart environment", the highest average is related to "possibility of identifying and benefiting from the cultural topics of Mashhad city through virtual space" and is equal to 3.063. The lowest average is related to "the role of information and communication in expanding public security of citizens" and equals 2.480. In the "smart governance" variable, the highest mean is related to "the role of information and communication technology and applications in the improvement and efficiency of administrative services to citizens" and is equal to 3.264. The lowest average is related to "the level of effort and effort of city officials and managers in expanding and developing the comprehensive processes of communication and information" and is equal to 3.102. In the questions of the questionnaire related to the "smart domain" variable, the highest mean is related to "the role of education and especially the Shad network in the penetration and expansion of virtual education and the familiarity of families with virtual space" and is equal to 3.869. The lowest average is related to "the role of technological and knowledge-based companies in the expansion of infrastructure and applications and its training" and is equal to 3.170.

Based on the opinions of citizens, the findings show that smartness in the dimension of smart economy with a coefficient of 0.400, in the dimension of dynamism with a coefficient of 0.337, in the dimension of smart environment with a coefficient of 0.729, in the dimension of smart governance with a coefficient of 0.533 and in the dimension of smart territory with a coefficient of 0.745, they had an impact on the performance of urban management and it has a positive and significant relationship with these dimensions. Finally, it was found that the smart territory index had a greater impact on the urban management performance of this region than other smartness indicators.

Urban settlements are facing complex issues due to physical expansion and population growth. In fact, with the expansion of cities and increasing problems of urban life, people's expectations from officials to create welfare opportunities have increased, and for this reason, it is necessary to build a smart city.

The main purpose of this research is to identify the key components in the development of Bojnourd city with a smart city approach.

is descriptive-analytical, and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of the city of Bojnourd. In this research, 7 main indicators and 74             sub-indices related to the intelligent society are studied. T-test and confirmatory factor analysis have been used for data analysis.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical scope of the research is Bojnourd, one of the most important cities of North Khorasan province and also the capital of the province, like many cities in Iran, has a great difference with the standards and indicators of the smart society.

The results of the t-test showed that 62% of the total 74 indicators studied are below the normal and average levels. 10% of smart society indicators from citizens' point of view are at average level and 28% are at above normal and average level. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, 28 influential and key sub-indices were identified in Bojnourd smart city development.

The comparative analysis of the explanatory variance by seven factors in this research shows that the factors of participation in public life, social and ethnic pluralism, and morality, respectively, have the highest variance in explaining the factors of the development of the smart city of Bojnourd.

Today, the issue of pollution caused by industrial settlements is a very important issue in environmental studies, which have a significant impact on the ecosystem of the region where industrial settlements are built. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of pollution caused by the factories of Rajah Babol industrial town on the air of Khashrudopi city. The data related to the air pollution of Rajah industrial town and Khashroodpi city were prepared through the database of Environmental Protection Organization of Mazandaran province, and then by calculating the correlation coefficient, the relationship between the amount of pollution of each of the air polluting gases caused by the industrial activities of Rajah industrial town and air pollution The city of Khashrudopi was evaluated. The results indicate that there is a significant and direct relationship between the changes in the pollutant parameters of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, fine dust with a size of 10 microns, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in Rajah and Khashrudopi industrial towns (P<0.001). According to the results of the present research, it is necessary to pay more attention of the relevant authorities and organizations to the comprehensive plan to reduce air pollution in the city of Babol and to control the development and increase of polluting industries in this city, and it is a serious warning in this regard.

Tourism is one of the important activities with economic, social and environmental consequences in cities. Tourism development policy is an approach that the city can emphasize by minimizing its negative effects while increasing its benefits. This approach plays an important role in urban development and has various effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tourism and its role in the development of Bojnourd. The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by experts (20 people) and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test of 0.718. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The statistical population of the study consists of 233810 citizens of Bojnourd. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula to 384 people and was randomly distributed in Bojnourd. The result of structural equations shows that 95% confidence in tourism development has affected the urban development of Bojnourd. Also, among the variables explaining urban development, the growth of cultural services with a factor load of 0.67 had the highest correlation with the hidden variable of urban development. The variable of development of infrastructure and construction facilities and services with a factor load of 0.66 is in the second place and the variable of improving the livelihood of residents with a factor load of 0.56 is in the third place. The variable of increasing public services with a factor load of 0.52 had the lowest correlation with the hidden variable; Also, the results of the structural model indicate that tourism has an important role in urban development of Bojnourd.

Evidence shows that urban management in Iran is mainly based on old models such as comprehensive and detailed plans and less emphasis is placed on new models such as creative cities. With this approach, regions 1 and 6 of Mashhad metropolis were selected as a case study of the present study. This study was conducted to answer the question of which indicators of Hong Kong Creative City in areas 1 and 6 of the metropolis of Mashhad are more important for the development of urban creativity. The research method is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature of the research. Based on this method, in the first stage, the theoretical foundations and research literature as well as the research background in both internal and external sections were studied. In the second stage, the research questionnaire was designed based on Hong Kong creativity indicators and then this questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population of the research and the information collected in SPSS software was organized. In the third stage, the research was described using descriptive findings. Finally, in the fourth stage, the research findings were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of reviewing and comparing the mean scores of the main indicators in the case areas showed that in terms of three indicators of cultural capital, human capital and structural capital, region one is in a better position than region six. On the other hand, in terms of social capital index, region six with an average score of 2711 has better conditions than region one. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that out of 22 studied indicators that were developed in the theoretical model of the research, 14 sub-indices in region one and 1 sub-indices in region six were approved. The results mean that the theoretical model of research in the region has more capabilities and applications.

The historical collections of cities as a place have cultural heritage values, identity, history, thoughts and attitudes of people in different historical periods. The values attributed to them can play a major role in the direction of protection and investment in the form of cultural tourism. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of cultural tourism in revitalizing the socio-cultural values of the historical market of Tabriz to take an effective step towards the development of cultural tourism in the city of Tabriz. To achieve this goal, relying on a qualitative approach and studying written sources around the three strategic axes of "Architectural Heritage Protection", "Architectural Heritage Value System", and "Cultural Tourism"; And also conducting a semi-structured interview with 4 statistical groups, including businesses and market residents, domestic and foreign tourists, residents of Tabriz, and experts familiar with the subject, their opinions about the socio-cultural values of the market, damage An analysis of values and strategies for reviving damaged values were collected. The findings of the library study and field questioning were examined and analyzed by relying on the descriptive-analytical approach and the coding and categorization method to answer the research questions. The obtained results show that with the application of value-based conservation methods by the selected community, it is possible to ensure the continuity of life and create the grounds for the permanence of the work, to provide a basis for attracting tourists and, as a result, for the development of cultural tourism. Also, the results of the research show that among the considered social factors, the structure factor has the most influence with a path coefficient of 0.467. Among the factors related to culture, the religion factor has the highest path coefficient of 0.455.

Today, urban livability is the key concept in urban planning. At present, the concept of sustainable development and livability is one of the new concepts in developed countries. The city of Bojnourd has witnessed unequal urban spaces due to the increasing population growth, especially in the last three decades, so the necessity and importance of the issue of livability is quite evident in the city today. This study was developed with the aim of evaluating and measuring urban viability and the factors affecting it. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect the required data and information, library and field methods and questionnaire tools were used. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens living in Bojnourd, the sample size was estimated 384 people using Cochranchr('39')s formula. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, one-sample t-test and linear regression were used in SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the situation of urban livability in Bojnourd, according to the general average obtained, which was equal to 2.75, is in a situation below the average. Also, in terms of the studied dimensions, the social dimension with an average of 2.84 has the highest average and the environmental dimension with an average of 2.67 has the lowest average. Also, the results of this study show that the situation in Region 2 is better than in Region 1 of Bojnourd. Other findings of this study include the positive effect of citizenschr('39') sense of security and health on urban livability.

Given that the historical and cultural context of cities are valuable works of culture, knowledge of architecture and urban planning and are considered as part of the social identity of each nation and country. In fact, the re-creation and preservation of historical contexts as an identity is essential for the survival of cities. One of the reasons for the identity crisis in today's cities is the inefficiency of historical contexts. One of the methods of implementing urban regeneration is planning tourism in historical contexts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of regeneration indicators of buildings and historical urban contexts in Haft region of Mashhad, as opportunities for Examine tourism development. The research method is survey and the main tool for data collection is a questionnaire. The statistical population in the present study is all residents of Haft city of Mashhad. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were determined as a statistical sample. Findings show that there is a direct relationship between tissue regeneration and historical development and tourism development (Pearson correlation coefficient between tissue regeneration and monuments and tourism development is 0.218 and its significance level is 0.000. Also according to the results of regression test. There is a simple linear relationship between recreation and tourism development (significance level less than 5%, so due to the linearity of the relationship between the two variables was accepted), which was finally determined using Friedman test between the studied indicators in terms of differences in importance.

Themain purpose of this research is to analyze status of resilience indicesin the worn out and old fabricof Farujcity. Inthis regard, 32 indicators in four dimensions of physical-environmental, social, economic and institutional-managerial were selected based on theoretical studies of the research. In the next step, a questionnairebased on these indicators was designed and distributed among the residents of the study area. A total of 380 households participated in completion of questionnaires. Then, the collected data were entered into SPSS and analyzed by single sample t-test.Four dimensions of resilience were compared with each other and based on average scores. The results indicated that resilience in the institutional-management dimension with the average score of 2.70 is ranked first. Thesecond rank of resilience was for the physical-environmental dimension with a mean score of 2.47. Finally, social and economic dimensions were ranked third and fourth, respectively. Inanother section of the study, the importance coefficient of each indicator was estimated based on expertschr('39') opinions. Then, the results were integrated and indicators with higher priorities were identified. In this method, we are looking for indicators with a low average score but a high coefficient of importance. Based on the analysis, we found nine indicators with these characteristics, of which we can refer to indicators such as access to temporary accommodation, awarenessabout the occurrence of natural and human disasters in the neighborhood, the level of awareness about reactions, how to behave appropriately during the crisis, job security, financial strength of residentsto participate in resolving the crisis, and the extent to which the insurance organizations support the residents.

Natural disasters, which are part of the process of human life, pose a major challenge to the sustainable development of human societies. On the other hand, the unsuccessful implementation of urban regeneration schemes has led to a new phenomenon called sustainability in urban projects, with major approaches to sustainability being the revitalization of urban contexts and the emphasis on regeneration. Therefore, in the present study, quantitative planning matrix has been used to evaluate the regeneration of the worn-out neighborhoods of Faraj city in order to enhance the physical resilience. . The research method in this study is descriptive - analytical and for collecting information besides library documents and studies, questionnaire was used which was distributed among a sample of 30 urban experts. Based on data analysis, Shannon entropy was used to evaluate the physical resilience of Farojchr('39')s worn-out tissue sites, and then the studied sites were prioritized in terms of physical resilience. Afterwards, the Vicour method was used to rank the Farouq worn-out tissue localities in terms of physical resilience. Based on the Shannon entropy, it has been concluded that neighborhoods 5 and 7 have been prioritized for physical resilience. Also based on the Vikor method, it has been found that out of the four quarters of the worn-out Faroj textile, the number seven neighborhood has the highest resilience.

Urban regeneration is a comprehensive program that provides the basis for improving the sustainability of economic, physical, social and environmental conditions and mainly seeks to resolve the problems of worn-out urban structures through enhancement by public participation; furthermore, the objective of this act is the use of potential and genuine capabilities in urban contexts. For this purpose, a number of 386 questionnaires have been distributed and evaluated among the residents of a neighborhood in Bojnourd, in which urban regeneration is proceeding. The research method of the present study is based on a descriptive-analytical and experimental-survey method; also, the statistical analysis tool applied is the SPSS software. Based on the research findings, the average of the indicators excluding the physical and environmental dimensions, is less than 3, that demonstrates the indicators related to the act of regeneration are not in a good state. In order to analyze the data, the ANP method has been used, which among the economic criteria and sub-criteria of economic opportunities, in social and cultural criteria and sub-criteria of crime reduction, in physical and environmental criteria and sub-criteria of housing and infrastructure and finally in the governing criteria and sub-criteria of local community participation have achieved the highest values. To explain the problems of residents and better implement urban regeneration, more extensive studies are required integrated with a systemic approach at the micro and regional level. Moreover, decision-makings should be accomplished with the participation and involvement of the residents of the mentioned areas.

1- Creating the grounds for a favorable management system in the field of regeneration in Bojnourd city. 2- Creating conditions for improving the level of citizens' participation with organizations and city managers in the field of upgrading and recreating the worn-out structures of Bojnourd city.

1- Is urban regeneration in Bojnourd based on sustainable development? 2- Are physical, economic, social and environmental aspects considered in urban regeneration in Bojnourd city?

Traffic accidents are the most important factors of mortality and severe damage to life and property in under developing countries. Human society especially Iran, has severely threatened by results of traffic and road accidents. Geographic factors are one of the most important causes of these fatal accidents. Among the geographical factors involved in road accidents, climatic phenomena and geomorphologic factors are very important. This study wants to show how climatic and human factors effect on the incidence of road accidents in Mashhad- Quchan axis by using fuzzy logic and Geographic Information System (GIS). Digital elevation maps, geological maps, land use maps, and local meteorological stations statistics and road accidents statistics in the moment and place of the accident was prepared for this study. Then, by classifying the frequency of accidents occurring according to the geographical situation and integrating topographic layers, geology, slope, direction of slope and land use in the GIS environment in the axis with the help of the fuzzy inference system, mapping the risk of road accidents was prepared with high, moderate, low and very low levels. Consequently, the investigation showed that the human factors have a major role (more than 90%) in the incidence of road accidents.

As the urban population increases in major cities of Iran، many of them face different issues. In Iran، new towns are built and located near cities to absorb their overflow population. Golbahar new town was built near Mashhad metropolis to reduce demographic، economic، social and physical problems of Mashhad، but in practice considering its goals، the town has not been able to reduce the problems of Mashhad metropolis. In this study، the relationship between the effects of living conditions on social، economic and physical aspects on the repopulation process in new towns has been investigated from the citizens'' perspective. This study has been carried out in an empirical method and in some parts، descriptive-analytical methods have been applied; data collection was carried out using field methods (questionnaire) from a sample of 250 urban households. The study results show that there is a significant relationship between the living conditions and the repopulation process in the new towns from the citizens'' perspective. They had a correlation coefficient of 0. 570. Physical living conditions accounted for 35. 7 percent of changes related to repopulation in new towns، and the living conditions in economic aspect only accounted for 20% of the dependent variable. Taking study results into account، the following guidelines were recommended for Golbahar new town: providing evenly distributed urban infrastructure and facilities and etc.

New towns were started as experiences in order to facilitate the urbanization process in Iran with the aim of attracting population overflow of major cities. Binalud and Golbahar New Towns were also developed to reduce the problems of population, economic, social and structural facilities of Mashhad metropolis. These cities have been studied and constructed with these aims in mind but failed in their objectives to reduce the metropolis problems. In this study it is intended to examine the relationship and the impact rate of population vulnerability and infrastructure facilities and services on the process to achieve the proposed Land Use from citizens’ viewpoint. The method in this study is descriptive and analytical. In order to collect field data questionnaire was distributed to the sample of 250 urban households. The results showed significant correlation between the population vulnerability and facilities provided by Civil Company with the process to achieve Comprehensive Plan objectives in the context of the proposed Land Use from citizen's viewpoint with a correlation coefficient of 0.62. Furthermore, it was realized that facilities and services provided by Civil Company could bring up 70 percent changes to implementation of Proposed Land Use in the New Towns.

The theory of urban ecology is based on explaining urban spatial structure، studying and describing the reciprocal relationship between human societies in the urban areas and the environment، as well as analyzing the circumstances of urban population segregation and production of everyday life spaces. To study and explain urban ecological structure of Mashhad، the case study of the article، we used the theory of the Chicago school، concentric model، sector model، and multiple nuclei model. There are many similarities between today’s Iranian cities and Chicago in the early 20th century، similarities like urban population growth، rural migration to urban areas، increase in crime rate، informal settlement expansion، city center revitalization، spatial segregation and so on. Hence، the urban theory of the Chicago school was selected. To study the ecological structure of Mashhad، we used different data such as the census data in 1375 and 1385، municipality urban land use database and the social-GIS database of Mashhad، analyzed by ArcGIS 9. 3 software. The results show that Mashhad is somehow similar to all the three models، but there is more conformity with multiple nuclei model. In other words، the major CBD has been formed around the Holy Shrine، while the minor CBD has been formed around Azadi square. The social class with high incomes seems to reside around the minor CBD، with linear expansion towards the major CBD، itself being surrounded by the middle class residents with medium incomes. Major business interactions seem to have concentrated around the major CBD.