فهرست مطالب مهدی پوراصغر

Mehrdad Jalalian1,
Mehdi Pourasghar2,
Ahmad Majd3,
Hossein Ghalehnoei4,
Zahra Kianmehr5

1 PhD Student in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor,  Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
5Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran



In the article published in volume 32, issue 207, 2022, the affilifations of Mehrdad Jalalian, Ahmad Majd and Zahra Kianmehr were published incorrectly, which are now corrected.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome with a significant prevalence is one of the most common disorders among reproductive aged women whose quality of life is affected by this disease and its complications. 

This scoping review study was conducted in 2023 by searching for related studies published from 2010 to 2023 in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, IranDoc, Magiran, SID, and Google Scholar using keywords such as “Yoga”, “hypnotherapy”, “motivational interventions”, “mindfulness”, “cognitive behavioral therapy”, “polycystic ovary syndrome”, “women”, “quality of life” in English and Persian languages. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts of 901 articles, 11 eligible articles were selected. Evaluation of their quality was done by Chocrane risk of bias checklist.

The 11 reviewed articles assessed four psychological interventions: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, mindfulness therapy, and yoga program.

Psychological interventions such as mindfulness therapy, yoga, CBT, and motivational interviewing alone or with other interventions can increase the QOL of women with PCOS. However, it is necessary to conduct more studies with minimal bias and long-term follow-up to get stronger evidence.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic and debilitating digestive disorder that is more common in people with psychological disorders than in the general population. This study is aimed at the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the mitigating of chronic pain and cognitive-emotional regulation in patients with Irritable bowel syndrome.  This study investigates the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy on chronic pains and cognitive emotion regulation in patients with IBS. The research method is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and control group and a six-month follow-up. All patients with IBS who had presented to the Shariati Hospital of Tehran and Masoud Gastroenterology and Liver Clinic from autumn 2019 to winter 2020 comprised the statistical population. The sample size was 48 people selected by convenience sampling, then divided into an experimental group and a control group using a block randomization procedure (with each group containing 24). Chronic Pain Grade Scale and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were the research tools provided to the two groups. However, the control group remained on the waiting list and received no interventions. The cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention was performed for the experimental group for eight 90-minute sessions. Descriptive statistics and Repeated Measures analyzed research data. Findings indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy reduced chronic pain and increased cognitive regulation (p>0.01). This efficacy remained stable until a six-month follow-up (p>0.05). This finding can also be associated with reducing and improving cognitive emotion regulation within psychological interventions planning vision among patients with IBS, and thus have clinical usages.

Background &

Eating habits, food composition and intervals between eating times contribute to the cognitive cause of obesity. Vastrand and his colleagues also found that there is a relationship between nutritional behaviors and obesity in a study titled "Investigating the relationship between eating habits and obesity in Swedish adults" in 2002 (Andersson & Lyttkens, 1999). Therefore, examining the issues and problems of food and nutrition, including determining the pattern of food consumption, can pave the way for determining nutritional policies and plans, eliminating nutritional deficiencies and improving the level of nutrition, and as a result, preventing disease. caused by malnutrition in society. Identifying factors that contribute to eating attitudes has become the focus of research efforts in recent years (Brugnoli, 2016). One of the variables that seems to be effective in improving people's eating attitude is hypnotherapy. Hypnosis is an effective treatment method and a branch of psychological science, which, due to the absence of any chemical drugs and without any side effects, can guarantee the patient's health and cure many mental illnesses and his emotional and emotional disorders. (Bryant et al., 2006). The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of group hypnotherapy and cognitive hypnotherapy on eating attitude in women.

The current research is a part of applied research and quasi-experimental type, pre-test and post-test type with control group with voluntary non-probability sampling method and random assignment in test and control groups, the statistical population of this research Married women will have a body mass score above 25 in Tehran in 1400. The criterion for entering the research sample is a body mass above 25, as well as not participating in other clinical and psychotherapy researches. The statistical sample includes 42 people selected by purposeful sampling and 14 of them are in the control group, 14 in the group hypnotherapy group and 14 in the group hypnotic cognitive therapy group by random sampling. The measurement tools in this research were Gardner et al.'s eating attitude questionnaire (1982), Wilkinson's group hypnotherapy protocol (1981) and Wilhelm et al.'s group hypnosis cognitive therapy protocol (2013). Hypotheses testing and control of the pre-test effect were used to compare the effectiveness of treatments.

Levine's test was used to test the homogeneity of pre-test variances. According to the findings of Table 3, the value of Levin's statistic for pre-test variables of eating attitude is equal to (0.031) and the significance level of the test is greater than 0.05. As a result, it can be said that the variance of the pre-test variables of the two groups is homogeneous.
As can be seen in Table 4, considering that the average difference between the pre-test and the post-test of attitude towards eating in the control group and the hypnotherapy group is (-1.214 and 2.42), respectively, and the mean level is The t-test for the control group and the hypnotherapy group is equal to (0.226 and 0.001) respectively, none of which are significant, as a result, the effect of group hypnotherapy on eating attitude is effective at the error level of 5%.
As can be seen in table 5, considering that the average difference between the pre-test and the post-test of eating attitude in the control group and the hypnotic cognitive therapy group is (-1.214 and 5.714), respectively, and the level of meaning The t-test for the control group and the hypnotic cognitive therapy group is equal to (0.226 and 0.006), respectively, which shows that the effect of hypnotic cognitive therapy on eating attitude is effective at the error level of 1%.
The results of Table 6 show that the F value of the effect of the groups on eating attitude is equal to 3.772 and the significance level of the test is equal to 0.003, which is significant at an error level of less than 1%, that is, the F value of the difference between the groups (Hypnotherapy) group and hypnotic cognitive therapy) on eating attitude is significant at the error level of less than 1%.

In general, the results of this research showed that considering that the average difference between the pre-test and the post-test of eating attitude in the control group and the hypnotherapy group was (-1.214 and 2.42), respectively, and the significance level of the T-test For the control group and the hypnotherapy group, respectively, it is equal to (0.226 and 0.10), none of which are significant. As a result, the effect of group hypnosis therapy on eating attitude is effective at the error level of 5%. The results of this research are in agreement with the results of the research. Madadi and Bozger (2019) are consistent.
Also, the results showed that considering that the average difference between the pre-test and the post-test of attitude towards eating in the control group and the hypnotic cognitive therapy group was (-1.214 and 5.714), respectively, and the significance level of the t-test was for the control group. and hypnotic cognitive therapy group is equal to (0.226 and 0.006) respectively, which shows that the effect of hypnotic cognitive therapy on eating attitude is effective at the error level of 1%. The results of this research are consistent with the results of Taylor and Francis group (2014). In explaining the results, it can be said that if you have had the experience of a slimming diet, you must have suffered from overeating attacks. This happens a few days after the start of the diet. The person has a binge eating attack and will start eating large amounts of food quickly. Also, the results showed that the average difference in attitude towards eating between the hypnotic cognitive therapy group and the hypnotic therapy group is equal to -1.428 and the significance level of the difference is equal to (0.854), which is not significant at the error level of less than 5%, that is, between the two methods. There is no significant difference. However, the average difference in attitude towards eating between the hypnotherapy group and the control group is significant at the 5% error level, and the average difference between the attitude towards eating between the hypnotic cognitive therapy group and the control group is significant at the 5% error level. The results of this research are consistent with the results of Malekzadeh (2020). In explaining the results, it can be said that what causes weight loss diets to fail in a short period of time is lack of self-confidence. These people get tired very quickly and think that the diet has no effect on their weight.

Background and

A pandemic can negatively affect both mental and social health. The aim of this study was to evaluate stress, anxiety, and sleep disorders experienced by dentists during COVID-19 pandemic.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on all dentists in Sari (290 dentists). Corona Disease Anxiety Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used as questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS V26.

A total of 126 dentists completed the questionnaires. The mean values of stress and anxiety score for general dentists and specialists were 12.4 and 11.5, respectively which were classified as mild level. There was no statistically significant relationship between sex, anxiety, and stress (P=0.09 for general dentists; P=0.13 for specialists). The prevalence of sleep disorders was 78% and 72% for general dentists and specialists, respectively. The mean value of sleep disorders was 6.8 for general dentists and 6.1 for specialists which was considered as low and inappropriate. There was no statistically significant relationship between sleep disorders and sex (P=0.4 for general dentists; P=0.9 for specialists).

The dentists' stress and anxiety level was mild during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prevalence of sleep disorders was high and sleep quality was poor and unsuitable for both general dentists and specialists.

Hernia disease occurs when an area of an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak muscle layer. The most common treatment of this disease is hernia surgery, which is performed with anesthesia in two ways, open and closed. Anesthesia in older people with underlying diseases will be risky. In this case study, due to the high age of the patient candidate for hernia surgery, the patient was anesthetized through hypnosis.

Case Report: 

The case was an 87-year-old woman who was admitted to a hospital in Sari with the diagnosis of inguinal hernia and was discharged from the hospital one day after surgery with the help of hypnotic anesthesia. Hypnosis was performed by a psychiatrist and a psychotherapy fellowship who had completed a hypnotherapy course at the Iranian Clinical Hypnosis Association.

Since there is no medical treatment for hernia and its definitive treatment is surgery, the complications caused by anesthesia medications are high in the elderly. So, using hypnotic anesthesia is a suitable way to reduce the complications caused by anesthesia. Using hypnotic anesthesia is recommended for other high-risk patients who are candidate for surgery.

Borderline personality disorder is one of the most common disorders of mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transference-focused psychotherapy and acceptance and commitment treatment on neuroticism and impulsivity in individuals with borderline personality disorder.

In an applied quasi experimental study, we used single subject design involving ABA design in which a behavior is studied at baseline (A), during treatment (B), and after treatment (A). The statistical population included all patients with borderline personality disorder attending Sari Zare Psychiatric Hospital and Sari Mana Clinic in May to June 2020 (n=32). Eleven patients
were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly allocated to transference-focused psychoanalysis (n=4), acceptance and commitment-based therapy (n=4) or control group (n=3). Data were collected in five stages: baseline, mid-stage, progress stage, treatment termination stage, and follow-up for one year (100 sessions) using the NEO five-factor personality questionnaire and Barat impulsivity questionnaire. Data analysis was performed applying repeated measures and Kruskal-Wallis test.

In the repeated measurement test, a significant difference was seen in cognitive impulsivity between the two groups compared to the control group (P=0.025). According to Kruskal-Wallis test, transference-focused psychoanalysis was prioritized.

Considering that these two treatment methods do not aim to reduce symptoms, our final results showed that transference-focused psychoanalysis was more effective. But, further studies are need to generalize current findings.

Due to the increasing prevalence of premenstrual disorder and the need to use the most effective treatment to improve the symptoms of this syndrome, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy on pain in patients with the premenstrual disorder.

The study followed a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control and an experimental group. The statistical population of the research included all women aged 25 to 40 who visited a gynecologist at least three times in the past year due to menstrual pain and were referred to a counseling and psychological center with the diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoria. A group of 24 people were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly divided into the experimental and control group (12 people each). The research tool was the Pain Questionnaire. Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy intervention was implemented in eight 90-minute sessions for the experimental group. After entering the data into the SPSS software (version 25), they were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

The results of MANCOVA showed that cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy significantly improved pain intensity, as well as physical-sensory, sensory-emotional, and cognitive-evaluative aspects of life in women with premenstrual dysphoria (P<0.05).

Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy improves physical-sensory, sensory-emotional, and cognitive-evaluative aspects of life in women with the premenstrual disorder. It also influences their adaptive and uncompromising strategies, mental health, social relationships, environmental health, general health, and quality of life.

The current study was conducted with the aim of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy on distress tolerance and aggression in women suffering from premenstrual dysphoria. The current study is a semi-experimental type in which a pre-test-post-test design was conducted with a control group with measurement at the baseline after the intervention and a 3-month follow-up with the control group. 30 women aged 25 to 40 with a diagnosis of premenstrual boredom disorder who referred to psychological counseling centers in Sari city in 2019 were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy n=15) and (control n=15). were assigned All participants completed the demographic questionnaire, distress tolerance of Simmons and Gaher (2005) and aggression of Bass and Perry (1992), in three stages. The intervention sessions were conducted face-to-face in compliance with health protocols. Hypotheses related to the effectiveness of the research intervention were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis and Lametrics post hoc test and using SPSS-19 software. The results of the present study showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups in the pre-test stage of distress tolerance and aggression, which indicates the homogeneity of the two research groups in the pre-test stage, but there is a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages. Which can indicate the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and also the stability of the effectiveness in the follow-up phase. Considering the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy, this treatment should be prioritized.

Considering the increasing prevalence of premenstrual dysphoria and considering the need to use the most effective treatment in improving the symptoms of this syndrome, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on pain and emotion regulation in premenstrual dysphoria sufferers.

The current research method is a semi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test with experimental and control and follow-up groups, in which an experimental group and a control group in three stages of pre-test and post-test and the follow-up period of a Months were compared with each other. The statistical population of the research included all women aged 25 to 40 years who visited a gynecologist in Sari city at least 3 times in a 12-month period during the past year, and with the diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoria, went to the counseling center and 24 people were selected from this group using available sampling method and were randomly divided into an experimental group (12 people) and a control group (12 people). The research tools included the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnevsky et al. (2001), the chronic pain questionnaire of Mohammadian (1995) and the premenstrual symptoms screening tool of Siehbazi et al. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy intervention was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 25 statistical software and using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements, post hoc tests and independent t-test to check the equality of means at the significance level of 0.05.

The covariance results showed that cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy is significantly effective on pain reduction, emotion regulation, and subscales of compromised strategies and compromised strategies in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (P < 0.001).

Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy improves physical-sensory, emotional-emotional and cognitive-evaluative, compromised strategies and non-compromised strategies, mental health, social relationships, environmental health and overall health of women with premenstrual dysphoria disorder and quality it elevates life in this era.

Breast cancer is the most important and common disease among women, which has the second highest death rate after lung cancer. Considering that the breast mass has no medical treatment and its definitive treatment is surgery and the side effects caused by drug anesthesia are high, so using hypnotic anesthesia is a good way to reduce the effects caused by anesthesia, faster healing the injury and reducing the length of hospital stay. Therefore, considering the benefits of using hypnosis in breast surgery, this research was conducted as a case study of hypnotic anesthesia in breast lump surgery.

In this case study, which used non-drug treatment (psychotherapy) i.e. hypnotic anesthesia to prevent the side effects of medical anesthesia, the investigated sample was a 45-year-old woman who was admitted to a hospital in Sari after diagnosed with a breast mass and was discharged from the hospital in a good condition a few hours after the partial mastectomy. Hypnosis was performed by an experienced psychiatrist and psychotherapy fellowship in the Scientific Association of Clinical Hypnosis of Iran. The patient underwent direct surgery by hypnotic anesthesia and after the completion of the surgery, which took about 30 minutes, using direct induction of hypnosis, the patient regained full consciousness and left the hospital a few hours after the operation in a good mood.

Considering the many surgical operations and the benefits of hypnosis, it is recommended to provide the conditions for using this method according to the nature of the treatment.

This study aimed to investigate the levels of anxiety, stress, and prevalence of sleep disorders in professors and students of Sari Dental School, Sari, Iran, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 23 university professors and 115 students of Sari Dental School. The required data were collected through questionnaires, namely the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale to check the level of participants' anxiety and stress, and the PSQI-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to check the quality of participants' sleep. The questionnaires were sent and completed via Email, WhatsApp, or Telegram. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 26 software. The prevalence of sleep disorders in professors and students of Sari Dental School during the COVID-19 pandemic was 56.5% and 62.6%, respectively. Anxiety and stress levels of 17 (73.9%) professors and 109 (94.8%) students of Sari Dental School were mild during the COVID-19; however, it was at moderate and severe levels only in 6 (26.1%) professors and 6 (5.2%) students. Stress and anxiety of university professors and students demonstrated a significant relationship with their gender (P<0.05). The results of this study indicated that the total score of anxiety and stress of professors and students was at a low level. Sleep disorders of professors and students were at an inappropriate and poor level, and if a sleep disorder existed, it was not serious. The components of mental quality of sleep and the component of psychological symptoms in professors and students did not have an ideal level.

Premenstrual dysphoria is a mood disorder that occurs at certain times of the menstrual cycle. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of compassion-based treatment on emotional ataxia and aggression in women suffering from premenstrual dysphoria. Materiasl and The current study is a semi-experimental type in which a pre-test-post-test design was conducted with a control group with measurement at the baseline after the intervention and a 3-month follow-up with the control group. 30 women aged 25 to 40 diagnosed with premenstrual dysphoria referred to psychological counseling centers in Sari in 2019 were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (treatment based on compassion) n=15 and the control group (n=15) were assigned. All participants completed the demographic questionnaire, emotional non-verbal communication questionnaires of Toronto (1994), aggressiveness questionnaires of Bass and Perry (1992), in three stages. The intervention sessions were conducted face-to-face in compliance with health protocols. Hypotheses related to the effectiveness of the research intervention were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis and Lametrics post hoc test and using SPSS-19 software. The results of the present study showed that there is no significant difference between the three groups in the mean of ataxia and aggression in the pre-test stage, which indicates the homogeneity of the two research groups in the pre-test stage, but there is a significant difference between the two groups in the posttest and follow-up stages. Which can indicate the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and also the stability of the effectiveness in the follow-up phase.  Considering the effectiveness of compassion-based treatment, this treatment should be prioritized.

Many of the health problems that are seen today in most countries, especially in our country, are somehow related to the lifestyle changes of the people of those societies. (1). One of the variables that seems to be effective in improving health behaviors in people is hypnotherapy. Hypnosis therapy is an effective method in health behaviors. Cognitive hypnosis therapy can reduce the stress caused by obesity and remove the environmental background of the disorder to a large extent (4). Hypnotic cognitive therapy can also provide useful clinical information about recognizing problems and how to deal with them, which makes the person cope with the problems (5). On the other hand, psychologists were able to obtain many benefits in treatment by using the principles of the cognitive approach; But the combination of two approaches of cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy can have a faster and deeper effect on patients (7). Cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy is a combination of hypnotherapy with cognitive-behavioral treatment methods. (8). Today, most psychologists suggest the use of relaxation and mind control methods to reduce the psychological problems caused by physical problems. They state that these methods help a person to create a state of mental peace and comfort (9). Considering the above-mentioned materials and the effectiveness of the two treatment methods, group hypnotherapy and group cognitive hypnotherapy on the treatment of mental disorders, and because health behaviors are very important in human health, and because of the review of the research done inside And outside the country, no research has been done in the field of comparing the effect of these two types of intervention. Also, considering that researchers and experts are always looking for the best type of intervention, the researcher is trying to answer the question whether there is a difference between the effect of group hypnotherapy and hypnosis. Is there a difference between group cognitive therapy and health behaviors?

The current applied and quasi-experimental research, which was pre-test and post-test with a control group, was conducted in such a way that among married women with a body mass score above 25 in Tehran in the year 1400, based on the criteria for entering the research (body mass above 25 as well as non-participation in other clinical and psychotherapy research) 42 people were selected by the available method and randomly divided into 3 control groups, group hypnotherapy and group cognitive hypnotherapy. Before and after the intervention of all subjects Alavi Health Behavior Questionnaire (2017) which has 43 questions and 7 components of well-being, daily hygiene, nutrition, consumption of addictive drugs, risk-taking behavior, environmental risks and medical care based on the spectrum They completed a five-point Likert scale (always a score of 5, often a score of 4, sometimes a score of 3, rarely a score of 2, never a score of 1). Alavi (2017) confirmed the content validity of the questionnaire at 0.83 and the reliability of the questionnaire and its components by Cronbach's alpha method. In the following, the subjects of the intervention groups received the interventions related to their group under the supervision of the researcher according to tables 1 (Wilkinson's group hypnotherapy protocol) and 2 (Wilhelm's group hypnosis therapy protocol). At the end of the intervention, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to check the normality of data distribution, covariance analysis and paired t-test to test hypotheses using SPSS version 23 software.

The results of the paired t-test showed that group hypnotherapy and group cognitive hypnotherapy have a significant effect on health behaviors (Table 3). The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the F value of the effect of the groups on health behaviors after training is equal to 2.959 and the significance level of the test is equal to 0.019, which is significant at an error level of less than 5%, which means that there is a significant difference between the effects of the two groups. does not exist (Table 4).

Overall, the results of this research showed that group hypnotherapy has a significant effect on health behaviors. In explaining the results, it can be said that an explicit order to perform a specific action is known as a direct suggestion in conversational hypnosis. This is a powerful tool, although it is considered unethical due to the power or power that the hypnotist has over the clients (12). With this method, the client does not control the decision to change the behavior. Hypnosis as a behavioral technique helps eliminate symptoms (13). Apart from eliminating symptoms, hypnosis is used to control or change problematic behaviors such as smoking, overeating, drug use, or gambling; It is also used in smoking, phobias, anxiety, conversion symptoms and chronic pain (14). Also, the results showed that hypnotherapy of group cognition has a significant effect on health behaviors. In explaining the results, it can be said that hypnosis is a natural state of the brain, during this process, the brain undergoes neurophysiological and electroencephalographic changes and cellular metabolism, and as a result, in the state of hypnotic trance, the receptivity of the brain increases and the awareness of the environment decreases, depending on the subject. which the therapist needs, occurs (15). In addition, the body undergoes physiological changes and is ready to receive the therapist's orders. In general, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the effects of the two types of intervention on the subjects' health behaviors. In explaining the results, it can be said that in the state of hypnosis, excessive concentration of thought causes the absorption of all suggestions and is very effective. In a 100% concentration or deep hypnosis, the power of thought is completely under the influence of suggestions and never to pay attention to other things. He is not free and easily forgets it (16). After hypnosis, when the mind returns to the normal state, each unit of brain power accepts a part of the suggestion and the patient soon returns to his normal and appropriate state (17). Hypnosis helps your unconscious and semi-conscious mind to have more control over your eating habits and maintain your diet more easily (18). If you feel that you cannot resist a certain food, hypnosis will help you control this desire (19).

Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disorder that is associated with high suicide rates, severe functional impairment, high rates of associated mental disorders, overuse of treatment, and high costs to society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of analytical psychotherapy based on transference-focused psychoanalysis on neuroticism and impulsivity in people with borderline personality.

A quasi-experimental study with A-B-A design was carried out and the study population included patients (n=32) with borderline personality disorder attending the outpatient department in Zare Psychiatric Hospital and Mana House Clinic in Sari, between May and June 2020. Seven patients were selected by available sampling and were randomly allocated into an experimental group (n=4) and a control group (n=3) and were treated for one year. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (2004) and NEO Personality Inventory (2004) were administered. Statistical analysis was performed using graph analysis, stable change, and recovery rate.

Findings showed that transference-focused psychotherapy can be effective on neuroticism and impulsivity in people with borderline personality.

The treatment outcome is not success versus failure, however, it may include improvements in a number of functional areas. Further research is also needed to generalize current findings.

Background and Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a massive challenge for community mental health. Serum zinc and cortisol are suitable biomarkers for assessing the response to a given treatment. In the present study, serum concentrations of these markers were compared between two groups of patients treated with fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy.
In this randomized clinical trial study, 40 female MDD (DSM-V criteria) patients were divided into two groups: fluoxetine therapy (20 mg/daily/3 months, n=20) and group CBT (90-min/once a week/12 weeks, n=20). Severity of depression was studied by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and serum cortisol and zinc concentrations were measured before and after treatments. Data were analyzed in Graphpad Prism 9.
BDI-II scores significantly reduced in both fluoxetine therapy (from 23.2±1.5 to
11.1± 1.1) and CBT (from 26.8±0.6 to 9.5±0.8) groups after treatments. Serum cortisol level did not change in patients treated with fluoxetine, but it decreased in CBT group (from 453 ± 0.09 to 386.4±0.07). Serum zinc level decreased in the fluoxetine group (from 91.6±4.8 to 72.8±2.8) and increased in the CBT group (from 78.9±2.1 to 86.5±2.6). Post intervention inter-group comparison showed greater decrease in BDI-II score and cortisol concentration in CBT group than the fluoxetine therapy group.
The decrease in BDI-II score and cortisol level and increase in serum zinc were higher in CBT group than fluoxetine group. Therefore, CBT seems to be suitable for treatment of MDD. Further studies are needed with larger sample size and longer study periods.

(Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT20190710044171N1)

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the organization of personality and defense styles of people with borderline personality. The research method was single-subject design A-B-A The statistical population includes all people with borderline personality disorder who were referred to the outpatient department of Zare Psychiatric Hospital and Mana Home Sari Clinic in June 2016. Among them, 3 people were selected by sampling method and treated for 40 sessions. they got. Data were collected in three baselines: treatment, follow-up, and follow-up over 11 months using the Kernberg  IPO Personality Questionnaire (Kronberg, 2002) and the DSQ-40 Defense Styles (Anders & et al., 1993). For statistical analysis, the shape analysis method, stable change, was used. Analysis of the results in the treatment phase, the first person in the variables of reality testing, total personality score, the second person in the variables of confusion, reality testing, total personality score, progress growth defense, and the third person in personality, immature defense and Mental defense was seen as annoying. The follow-up stage of the first person was seen in the components of reality testing, confusion, the second person in reality testing, confusion, personality score, and the third person in the real testing variables of personality score, growth defense, immature defense. ACT treatment in 10 months I can make changes in a person with a borderline personality, Further research is needed to generalize the findings.

The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on five personality factors and impulsivity components in borderline personality disorder. The research method was A-B-A single-subject design. The statistical population included all people with borderline personality disorder who were referred to the outpatient department of Zare Psychiatric Hospital and Mana Sari Clinic during June 2019 From, among them, 3 people were selected by available sampling method and treated for 40 sessions got. Data were collected in three stages of baseline, treatment, and follow-up over 11 months using the Barat BIS Impulsivity Questionnaire (Barat et al., 2004) and the five NEO personality factors (McCreery and Costa, 2004). For statistical analysis, the graph analysis method, stable change, was used. Analysis of the results in the treatment phase was seen in the first person in the agreement variable, in the second person in the variables of agreement, nervousness, total impulsivity score, and in the third person in the variables of cognitive impulsivity, motor impulsivity, and total impulsivity score. In the follow-up phase, changes in impulsive components were seen in the first person, impulsive components in the second person, and impulsive components in the third person in the variables of agreement, nervousness. It can be concluded that treatment based on acceptance and commitment for a period of 10 months can cause significant changes in people with borderline personality, more research is needed to generalize the results of treatment.

Body image and sex desire are among the most important psychological issues for women.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive hypnosis therapy on body image and marital satisfaction of women. This research was quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test-follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included women suffered from body image and sexual dissatisfaction who attended Babolsar Eltiam counseling center in 2021.From this population, 22 people  selected by available samoling method and then were randomly selected  into experimental and control gropups (each included 11 people). Littleton Body Image Scale (BICI) and Meston & Trapnell Sex Satisfaction Scale(SSSW), were the research instruments. The experimental group received cognitive hypnotherapy weekly for 11 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training The results of  analysis of covariance illustrated that cognitive hypnosis therapy was effective in increasing sex desire(F -19/54 P <0.001) and improving body image (F = 8.962 P < 0.005) in women. It was concluded that the method of cognitive hypnosis therapy can increase accuracy, concentration, and awareness through eliminating misconceptions and consequently increase sex desire and improve women's body image. and it is recommended to be used as therapeutic method.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive hypnosis therapy on the body image and marital satisfaction of women. The studychr('39')s design was of type of quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test-follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all women referred to one of the counselling centers of  Babolsar. 22 women were selected by available sampling method and according to inclusion criteria and assigned to experimental and control groups randomly (11 subjects for each group). The experimental group individually received cognitive hypnosis therapy for 11 ninety minutes weekly sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Both groups answered the Littleton Body Image Scale (BICI) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction questionnaire (ESQ-47) in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The collected data were analyzed using the covariance analysis statistical method and the Ben Ferroni post hoc test. The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between body image and marital satisfaction scores in post-test and follow-up stages of both experimental and control groups and cognitive hypnosis therapy resulted in increasing marital satisfaction and improving womenchr('39')s body image and after two months the results were consistent. Therefore, based on the findings of the present study, the use of cognitive hypnosis therapy can be suggested as a suitable and effective treatment method in individual, familial, and couples counseling.

Paying attention to the changing needs of society in health and the need for a responsive education system in line with the needs of society, shows the need to review educational and research structure of medical universities in a country. The purpose of this study was to explain the learned experiences of academic members on the structure of educational and research institutions.

This qualitative study was performed in 26 faculty members of medical sciences graduated from foreign universities using purposeful sampling. Individual semi-structured interviews were performed and the participants were asked about organizational structure, the function, and organizational hierarchy of the university where they had studied. Interviews were recorded and handwritten, coded, and analyzed according to the conventional content analysis approach.

We extracted four main themes, 12 sub-themes, and 75 items from the data. Main themes included type of organizational structure, strategies, management of resources, and educational infrastructures. The sub-themes were as follows: the organizational structure of educational and research institutions and traditional structure, new structure, entrepreneurship, change management, interdisciplinary insight, human resources, national resources, physical resources, educational centers, educational groups, fields of study, and research centers.

Planning system of every country (centralized/decentralized) was found to affect the type of organizational structure of educational and research institutions. Therefore, universities and research institutions are needed to design a suitable structure consistent with the needs of society and their own goals.

Among short-term therapies, psychoanalytic approaches use the therapeutic relationship more than any other approach as a context for change. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term object relation psychotherapy on interpersonal relationships, self-destruct behaviors and personality organization of patients with borderline personality disorder.

This clinical trial study was done on the 20 patients with borderline personality disorder who referred to medical clinics in Sari city in northern Iran during 2020. Patients were divided into two intervention and control groups by random sampling. Patients in interventional group were received short-term object relation psychotherapy in 16 individual sessions of 45 minutes once a week. The control group did not receive any intervention. Patients completed the structured clinical interview scales of First et al (SCID-II), the Bell’s object relations inventory (BORI), self-destruct questionnaire of Sharabaf et al and Kernberg’s inventory of personality organization (IPO).

Scores of interpersonal relationships, self-destructive behaviors and personality organization were significantly reduced in interventional group in compared to control group (P<0.05).

Short-term object relation psychotherapy is an effective therapy to reduce the symptoms of patients with borderline personality disorder.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important psychological issues for women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive hypnosis therapy on women's body image and marital satisfaction of couples. Methods and Materials: The method of this research is experimental and its design is pre-test post-test. The statistical population of this study includes women referring to Babolsar Counseling Center. In this study, 22 person were selected by availability and then randomly replaced in two groups of 11 person (experimental group and control group). The instrument used in this study was the Enrich Marital Satisfaction. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results of statistical analysis showed that cognitive hypnotherapy is effective in increasing marital satisfaction (F = 17.92 P <0.001) in women. Discussion and

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive hypnosis therapy eliminates misconceptions, increases accuracy and concentration, awareness and, of course, increases marital satisfaction, quality of life in women.