فهرست مطالب نیلوفر طاهری

Nowadays, synthetic drugs used to treat inflammatory diseases are of the slightest interest due to their potential side effects and serious adverse effects. Therefore, finding new treatment approaches, especially herbal medicines, could help manage inflammation disorders. Olive and its products (oleuropein), as both antioxidants and inflammatory inhibitors, can effectively reduce the inflammatory process. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oleuropein on the cytokines profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

A 5 ml blood sample was taken from 40 patients with RA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from each sample using Ficoll. Then, it cultured in 24 well tissue culture plates with and without oleuropein and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The concentration of TNF-α and IL-4 was evaluated in the supernatant of treated and non-treated cells using immunoassay after 72 hours. The results were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA.

The results revealed a significant reduction of TNF-α in treated PBMCs with oleuropein compared to non-treated cells, especially in the 100 mg/ml of oleuropein (P<0.0001). In addition, a significant increase in IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner was indicated (P<0.0001).

Our findings demonstrated that oleuropein could effectively reduce the inflammation of inflammatory diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis, by increasing the anti-inflammatory factor IL-4 production and decreasing the level of TNF-α.

Ectopic pregnancy is the most common cause of maternal mortality, while cesarean scar ectopic is one of the rarest of all ectopic pregnancies.Early diagnosis of this type ofpregnancyleads to better control of this situation.

A 28-year-old 28 weeks’ pregnant woman (G3P1Ab1L1) presented to the emergency department with the complaint of hematuria, labor pain, bleeding, and cervical dilation. The patient was taken to the operating room, considering her past surgical history of cesarean delivery. Due to the recreated placenta and ectopic pregnancy, hysterectomy and Cystorrhaphy were performed.

Cesarean scar ectopic is a type of extrauterine pregnancy that implants around the place of a previous pregnancy scar. This pregnancy may cause severe hemorrhage due to uterine rupture, accreta, and percreta placenta. Bladder invasion by the placenta percreta causes hematuria during pregnancy, so early diagnosis plays a critical role. Ultrasonography is a widely accessible method. As described in this case, a false negative result in ultrasonography causes extensive hemorrhage hysterectomy.

The ectopic pregnancy may occurs in the connective tissue around the site of a previous cesarean scar. This type of pregnancy can cause severe bleeding due to uterine rupture or placenta accreta and placental abruption. Placenta percarta invading the bladder causes hematuria during pregnancy and early diagnosis is very important and the most available diagnostic method is transvaginal ultrasound. A false negative diagnosis may lead to complications such as uncontrollable bleeding and hysterectomy as in this case.