فهرست مطالب آرزو مجتهدی

The present study aims to address the notion of “expedience”in one of the most significant politico-historical phenomena at onset of Islam, namely Siffin Treaty, so as to develop patterns of expedience in Islamic Republic of Iran. As a result, the main question of this research is: How should the notion of “expedience” in treaty between Imam Ali and Muaviye should be defined and addressed?The results of data analysis through Schleiermacher’s hermeneutics are based on nine items of hermeneutic circle of tradition and history, context and background, experience(for reconstruction of community background during Alavi State), language, intention and purpose of author, implied and implicit meaning, interpretation and reading by reader or interpreter) for understanding Imam Ali’s conditions and intention of accepting Siffin Treaty suggest: “Expedience” in Alavi State is the same as Islamic expedience established during the reign of Prophet Mohammad. In other words, expedience at the time was a conditional affair in an Islamic framework so as to realize the basic goals of Islam, namely stability of Islamic community and continuation of reign by taking measures against discrimination, violence, threats and exile, In an Islamic state,the notion has the following characteristics: 1-It is a temporary solution.2-It is used for protection of the community and Islamic rule during times of emergency.3-It is only justified according to decrees in Quran and prophetic tradition.4-It does not exclude any principle. 5-It is accompanied by a long-term benefit. 6-It results in victory and majesty of the Muslims. 7-It provides maximum benefit for the least cost.

As in Islam fixed and variable rules have been deter minded based on individual needs in the field of government ruling and powers and for the administration of society based on the conditions of the time and place there is also the realm of ruling.In the meantime, the position of “Expediency” as a solution to crises in situation which we are faced with a phenomenon of Conflict of expediency is one of the most important issues in religious governance. “Especially” in the treaties contracting that according to materials and spirituality, government should sacrifices less valuable to more important expediency. Therefore, if we want to consider “Expediency” as a strategy to achieve important goals in treaties the question is: what is the “Expediency” in concluding treaties of the Islamic government and by what criteria and components is it possible to identify the most important and important? It seems that the practical life of the Prophet (PBUH) in concluding the early treaties of Islam can be a good answer to this question. This answer has been obtained from the study and analysis of the Hudaybiyyah Peace Treaty as the most important treaty of the prophetic government with the artistic method of Schleiermacher, which is the historical_ analytical method. “Expediency” is something that based on the socio_ political situation, temporarily issues only the option of choosing a suitable alternative to the original (main) rule, given the important issue. The component of “Expediency” in the treaties are also included. 1- at the suggestion of enemy and it must be in the realm of power. 2- definitely cause to stop war and the killing. 3-Eliminates sanctions and ensure the security and freedom of Muslims. 4-to give the Muslims the highest point with lowest cost. 5- close any way to make excuses for the enemy. 6- provide a way back for enemy in case of abjuration

Shariatnameh writing as a prescription in Political Jurisprudence has been of particular importance in Islamic political thought. This paper tries to focus on thought of Fadhlollah ibn Ruzbahan Khonji, the last Shariatnameh writer in Middle Ages in the era consolidation of power of Shiite government, Shah Ismail I, Safavid king and the decline of the caliphate. The paper tries to answer this question that what is problem within society in Ruzbahan Khonji thought. And what is the solution of the problem in his thoughts?
Despite the existence of various factors, regarding of theory Spragens crisis in the understanding of political theory, the assumption of this paper is that Ruzbahan Khonji believe that Major crisis of society in 9Th and 10th centuries is because of the development of different sect. Furthermore the kings that came to power in this era were irreligious and they were neglecting to the implementation of Shari in Muslim territories. In his opinion, the reason for this crisis is Lack of religious leader (KHalife or Imam) that its result is not run out the law of God. Thus, the return of the Islamic Caliphate era glory to glory object or return of Imam Made, the ideal community solution the crisis leading of rulers and to familiarize them with the rules of conduct , about the legal and Shari rule. This study is based on documents and data collection and Information System Analysis .