فهرست مطالب آزاده صفا

This study is aimed at analyzing the content of Public Administration’s PhD. dissertations of Iranian premier universities that were defended in a period of (2001- 2017).  Having capacity to promote the society’s scientific  needs of theory building,  doctoral   dissertations may also help to improve the policy makers and the executive branch administrators and the government managers to better decide and perform their duties. Since, in recent decades, the size of  P. A. doctoral courses and its students have been  growing at Iranian universities, the study of the quality of existing doctoral dissertations from both  theory and practice  point of view, seems to be indispensable. The statistical population of this research was PhD. Dissertations of Pubic Administration that were written and defended in a period of fifteen years at four premier public universities of Iran (Tehran, Tarbiat Modares, Allameh Tabatabaei) and Science and Research Unit of Islamic Azad University. The sample size of the research was 201 that has been obtained   from Morgan’s table. The research is basic in terms of the audience (scientific community), non-reactive in terms of method, descriptive in terms of the goal and cross-sectional in terms of time. In this non-reactive archival study, we had access to directly observe dissertations which are available in the form of library documents. Findings show that quantitative researches are more popular than qualitative ones, there is about  no connection between the researches topics to the country’s administrative, economic, political and social events and no  critical discourse among the dissertation writers.

Patient satisfaction with nursing care is a criterion for evaluating the quality of care. Patient satisfaction can be improved by recognizing nurses' care deficiencies and trying to eliminate them. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses' care behaviors and patients' satisfaction in Kashan's public hospitals in 2020.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 400 patients admitted to public hospitals in Kashan, who were selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection tools included: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Patient Satisfaction (PSI), and Care Behavior Index (CBI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 using independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient. 

The mean age of patients was 20.77 years. Among the patients participating in the study, 43.5% were female and 56.5% were male. The majority of the patients (89.3%) reported a good level of satisfaction. The mean score of nurses' care behaviors was 226.50±34.24. The highest scores were related to "knowledge and professional skills," and the lowest score was attributed to "respect for another." Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between the mean scores of patients satisfaction and nurses' care behaviors index (r = 0.71, P = 0.001).

Despite most patients being satisfied with nurses' care behaviors, there is still a need to increase the quality of nursing care in ethical issues such as respect for the patient and effective communication with the patient. Nursing managers can help nurses in this important matter with the supervision and support of nurses.

Adherence to ethics is essential for clinical care. One of the nursing cares is wound care and dressing. Nurses should perform dressing by the adoption of the correct technique, along with the observation of ethical principles. However, some previous studies have shown that the performance of some nurses in this regard was not satisfactory. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue, this study aimed to determine the performance of nurses in adherence to ethical principles in dressing.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 nurses of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, during 8 months in 2016 using convenience sampling. The data were collected using a researcher-made checklist comprising demographic information and performance of nurses in adherence to ethical principles in dressing. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean age of the nurses was 24.87±6.52 years, and 66% of the study subjects were female. In addition, 61.5% of the participants were single and 75% of them served Manpower Planning. The obtained mean score of the questionnaire within the range of 0-30 was reported as 20.63±4.11. Furthermore, 57% of the nurses applied ethical principles well while dressing patients. Among the underlying variables, there was a significant relationship between marital status and occupational status with the total score (P<0.05).

The results showed that only half of the nurses performed well and their mean score was at a moderate level. Therefore, it is suggested that authorities plan and take necessary measures to identify the causes of shortcomings and take the policies associated with these ethical issues into account.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and students' attitudes and practical commitment to prayer.

This cross-sectional study was performed on students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 1398 that were selected by random sampling. Data collection tools included three questionnaires of personal-social information, Young Internet addiction and measuring the attitude and practical commitment to the prayers. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 using t-test and ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.

The average age of students was 21 years, 67% of whom were women and 86% of whom were single. The average time spent using the Internet and cyberspace among students was 5 hours per day. Among the communication softwares, Telegram and Instagram were the most used. Overall, 60% of students were severely addicted to the Internet, and the majority of participants had a high practical commitment to prayer. An indirect and significant relationship was found between Internet addiction and attitudes and practical commitment scores (p = 0.01).

Due to the high rate of Internet addiction among students and its inverse relationship with commitment to prayer, more attention should be paid to administrators, university professors and cultural-educational planners in the field of lifestyle changes with the conditions of the day, cyberspace use management, It is essential to be aware of the negative consequences of Internet addiction and to create a space for students to commit to religious programs

It is in high importance to pay attention to different aspects of health and well-being in the elderly age. Spiritual health is one of the important aspects of health status that is often neglected. So, this study was conducted with the aim of Assessment the status of spiritual health and related factors in elderly patients admitted to governmental hospitals in Kashan.

In this cross-sectional study, 300 elderly hospitalized in government hospitals in Kashan in 2018 were enrolled into study by convenience sampling. The tools of gathering data were Spiritual Well-Being Scale questionnaire. After collecting data, they were analyzed using SPSS software and independent t-test and one-way ANOVA tests.

The mean score for spiritual health was 73.93±7.67. There were positive significant correlation between spiritual health scores and age (r=0.14, P=0.01).
The independent T-test showed a significant difference between the spiritual health score and the marital status (P= 0.02). The one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference between the spiritual health score and the job (P= 0.004) and the economic status (P= 0.01).

According to the results, the increase in age was associated with an increase in spiritual health. Married older adults with higher economic status had higher spiritual health. Unemployed seniors experienced lower spiritual health.

Sleep is one of the essential needs for all human. It seems that age and education level are important factors in sleep quality in the retired elderly. But there is not enough study in this field. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Quality of sleep and its related factors in elderly and retired teachers of Kashan.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 elderly and retired teachers in Kashan (2015). Data was collected by a questionnaire with two parts. The first part included demographics and the second part included the Pittsburgh Sleep Index. Statistical analysis was conducted by t-test, ANOVA, chi-square, Fisher's exact test and linear regression in SPSS/11.5 software.
The mean age of participants was 63.55 ± 2.23. 72% of retired teachers had a good sleep quality.There was significant difference between the two genders in terms of sleep disturbing factors (p=0.013). T-test showed men have better sleep quality than women (p=0.01). Significant differences were observed in terms of sleep quality in two genders (p=0.01) and having or not having daily naps (p=0.01.( The results showed that sleep quality in older and retired teachers is better than the general population.
Approximately one-third of elderly and retired teachers had inappropriate sleep quality. We can decrease sleep disorders by teaching sleep hygiene and emphasis on preventive measures.

Assessing the elders’ quality of life (QOL) and its affecting factors such as sleep quality, is a useful method for detecting their health and determining the efficacy of delivered health care. This study aimed to evaluate the association between QOL and sleep quality in elderly people. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 elderly people in Kashan in 2013. Data was collected using a three part questionnaire including: demographics, the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ5D) questionnaire and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 16. The QOL was moderate and poor in more than a fifth of the elderly. The highest mean score of the QOL was in the area of self-care, and the lowest mean score of QOL was in the area of pain and discomfort. Moreover, the sleep quality was poor in 27.8% of the elderly. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant reverse correlation between the PSQI scores and QOL scores in elderly people (p= 0.001, r=-0.489). This study showed the elderly with higher PSQI scores had lower levels of QOL scores. It seems that lower levels of sleep quality can decrease the elders’ QOL. Then, training the elderly people on the sleep quality may lead them to a higher level of QOL.

Unawareness of nurses about ethical and legal issues in elderly care would cause physical and mental damage in elderly. This study was conducted in Kashan during 2013 to evaluate the nurses’ knowledge of ethical and legal issues related to the elderly care. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 nurses working in the hospitals of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Data collected by a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted to demographic data and had 25 questions on ethical and legal issues in elderly care and a question regarding the most ethical errors in elderly care from nurse's perspective. Data were analyzed using Mann-whitney U and Kruskalwallis testes. Overall, knowledge of ethical and legal issues in elderly care was suboptimal. A significant relationship was observed between nurse's knowledge of ethical and legal issues in elderly care with their levels of education (P=0.001) and having or not having training in the field of aging and the nurse's knowledge on ethical and legal issues in elderly care (P=0.001). Giving the standard care is dependent on nurse's knowledge; it is recommended that the necessary training programs to be conducted through workshops and continuing education.

cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death all around the world. Regarding to the critical role of the cardiovascular system، its'' physical examination is a key component of nursing skills which plays an important role in determining the health and problems of the cardiovascular system and designing an appropriate nursing care plan. Evaluating the skills of health care providers is important to ensure the quality of care. This study was aimed to assess the nurses'' self-assessment skills about cardiovascular physical examination. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 nurses working in Isfahan province hospitals in the first two months of 2013. Data was collected by a researcher made questionnaire including two parts: the first part was included demographic data and the second part was included 18 skills in cardiovascular physical examination in two different columns. In the first column، the frequency of using skills، and in the second column، the level of their proficiency was self-assessed by nurses. Statistical analysis was conducted through ANOVA and independent T tests in SPSS software، version 11. 5. The findings showed that most and the least used skills by nurses to assess cardiovascular system were heart rate and Trendelenburg test، respectively. Also، the highest level of proficiency of the nurses were in assessing heart rate; and the lowest level of proficiency was in assessing Hepatojugular reflex and Trendelenburg test. In total the skills of cardiovascular physical examination in nurses was lower than desirable. the level of proficiency in the skills of cardiovascular physical examination and their application in clinical settings in nurses was not reported satisfactory، regarding that the examination of this system has a vital role in the patients'' health، and this issue needs special training measures.