آسیه قیافه شیرزادی

Ordinary plastics have been produced and used for many years for packaging applications in various sectors. With the growth of the food industry, the demand for food packaging has also grown. However, the plastics made from petroleum are non-degradable, which has created severe bio environmental problems for the environment. Biodegradable polymers are an alternative approach to many industrial applications including food packaging, as well as risk control for non-biodegradable plastics. According to the type of the raw material, they are classified in one of the following categories: polymers extracted from biomass compounds, polymers synthesized from monomers and polymers produced from microorganisms. The quality of biopolymers depends on their physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The present study is an overview of the properties of different biopolymers and their compounds, comparing the properties of biodegradable polymers and biopolymers. The recent research works and innovative methods for the use of these plastics for food packaging and biomass plastic poisoning have also been studied and presented, concluding that biodegradable polymers help reduce the environmental impacts of plastics. It is worth mentioning that as the plastics from agricultural waste are used as raw materials for making this kind of packaging, there is a great opportunity to increase added value.

Socio-economic development and variety of baking products, especially cakes, have led them to become an important part of the people’s food basket around the world. However, microbial contamination, lipid oxidation, loss of nutrients as well as proteins, can cause significant economic losses and also endanger the health of the consumer. The quality and safety specifications of products are highly dependent on packaging materials and packaging technology. Research into new packaging methods, including active packaging, is a tremendous breakthrough in solving economic and consumer safety problems, while at the same time offering innovative ways to extend the shelf life of products and maintain the quality of cakes. This review article examines the factors affecting the shelf life of the cake product and the antimicrobial and antioxidant factors and the use of natural materials in packaging in order to increase the shelf life of the product, and also the various active packaging materials with countless applications in this type of food products, including antimicrobial packaging. Antioxidant packaging, moisture absorbents and ethanol diffusers have been discussed.

Snacks have become a significant part of the diet of many people, especially children. These snacks have many fans due to their attractive objects and colors, high durability and relatively low cost. Most of them are made from cereals, and the main problem with these snacks is insufficient nutrients, which have a negative effect on health and increase obesity in people, especially children. Using quinoa grain in products, it creates diversity in current products and also increases the nutritional value of snack. On the other hand, today, attention has been paid to the re-use of by-product in the food industry and the rate of agriculture inputs, and returning these products to the production cycle will increase the value added. One of these by-product is suni bug damaged wheat, which is used not used in the cooking industry due to the damage of the gluten network and is consumed by livestock feed. In this study, the effect of the independent variables included the percentage of addition of quinoa (0.25%, 50%), moisture content (12, 15, 18%), the screw speed (120,160,200 rpm) was in the form of a central composite design. The influence of the independent variables on some physical and functional properties was investigated, including expansion ratio, hardness, water absorption index, water solubility index, sensory evaluation. The results showed that with increasing quinoa up t0 50%, increased the hardness (4.72-11.57N), water solubility index (21-28.4) and overall acceptability of the extruded product, and also decreased the ratio of expansion (3.77-2.86), water absorption index (5.39-5.05) and sensory acceptability of the texture. Sensory evaluation results showed that 12% humidity conditions, 175rpm screw speed and quinoa addition levels (19%) in the suni- bug wheat were suitable for snack production and had the highest overall acceptability.