فهرست مطالب آنیتا عالیپور

According to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommendations, the calibration of ionization chambers used for radiotherapy dosimetry follows the substitution method which demands the use of a reference ionization chamber. This work introduces the Design and fabrication of cylindrical ionization chamber for dosimetry to be used by standard dosimetry laboratories. The result of the quality control tests  in Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) of the Atomic Energy Organization Which was carried out in accordance with the standards and limits set by the International Atomic Energy Agency, are evidence of the accuracy of the claim that this chamber can be used as a reference dosimeter in standard dosimetric laboratories.The low polarity effect and leakage current, high ion collection efficiency and stability, linear response of the detector to the dose and the rate of dosing are some of this instrument characteristic through optimum design of guard ring and collecting electrode and also the proper choice of materials in fabrication.

In this study, the electron structure of the α-Al2</sub>O3</sub> rhombohedral graft has been investigated. The alpha-alumina structure belongs to the space group R3c and the rhombohedral with two units of formula (10 atoms) in the primary unit cell. Although the most widely used structure is hexagonal, it consists of 12 aluminum atoms and 18 atomic oxygen units, six units of formulas. The role of defects in the crystalline network, especially the vacancy defect, is investigated in this work. The band structure changes are evaluated in the absence of one of the O or Al atoms. The calculations showed that α-Al2</sub>O3</sub> has a direct transition at Γ, and the energy gap obtained from the density functional theory (DFT) method is 6.3 eV. Also, the depletion effect of O is higher than that of Al on the crystal electron structure: α-Al2</sub>O3</sub>:C, and is useful in increasing the response of this crystal as a detector.