فهرست مطالب ابراهیم ایران نژاد

Participation is the process of involving all groups of people in all stages and dimensions of development, and in the meantime, the emergence of abilities, capabilities, and as a result, the growth of their material and spiritual excellence. People's participation means the role of the public in decision-making, especially in those areas that will probably affect them directly. Nowadays, due to the undeniable role of people in solving social problems, the issue of public participation has become an obvious necessity in regional planning. The limited capabilities of governments in providing services to people is one of the reasons for the need for people's participation in development programs. The purpose of this study is to examine the findings and experiences in public participation and development programs in the field of regional planning. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical using the library method. Therefore, the views and opinions in the texts related to public participation and its effectiveness in regional planning are examined. The results obtained from the research show that the type and degree of people's participation in planning depends on the degree of confidence in how the plans are implemented and people's involvement, the ability and clarity of government managers and planners, creating motivation for people's participation, using strategies It depends on partnership and...

Health is not essentially a biological concept and instead, it includes the socio-psychological aspects. Moreover, health is not a personal theme and it is rooted in the structure of the society. There is valid evidence that social determinants of health have a great effect on physical health. Based on some estimation, almost half of people’s health is determined by the social factors like, poverty, literate, housing, occupation, and respecting the women rights, and the other half is due to the health system, genetic issues, and the environment. Diabetes as a metabolic disease that results from disorder in insulin leakage, insulin function, or both has been rapidly increasing during the past several decades and now, it is becoming a public health problem all over the world. The outbreak of diabetes was 285 million in 2010, this rate reached 371 million in 2012, and it is predicted that it will reach 552 million by 2030. Based on the evidence, the epidemic of diabetes in Iran is high and around 7 million people are infected to diabetes in this country. The rapid increase of diabetes has a close relation with social factors. In this regard, it could have a close connection with the social capitals. It is assumed that social spaces including participation and trust through social support, awareness and sensitivity, facilitate the health or create it as well. In fact, social capital can raise health through providing social support, self-esteem, and mutual respect. On the other hand, it is believed that people who have cultural capital are equipped with a set of knowledge and cognitive skills, which prevent them committing high risk behaviors. Finally, economic capital gives people the possibility to provide their basic needs like food and house, cope with the problems that bring about less stress, and have more access to health and therapy. As a whole, it seems that social, cultural and economic capitals are able to influence diabetes. Given that, this relationship has been rarely studied, the main purpose of this research is to investigate whether the social, cultural, and economic capitals affect physical health (diabetes).

This cross-sectional survey has been carried out on the people aged 40 to 60 in Tabriz. Thus, 385 people were selected by means of random multi-sage sampling method. In a one-month phase, the respondents were invited to a special laboratory in Tabriz for doing a blood test free of charge. After referring to the laboratory and doing the test, they were given the research questionnaires to respond. For assessing social capital variable, the social capital questionnaire developed by Onyx and Bullen (2000), was employed. This instrument had been used before in Iran and of course its psychometric properties had been confirmed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, which was 0.875. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure cultural capital consisting of three dimensions: institutional, visual and objective. This questionnaire has 15 items, which is measured at two-level nominal rating scale (yes = 1 and no = 0) and scores range from 0 to 15. According to the items of this questionnaire, which were mainly based on objective reality assessment, the content validity and opinions of the reviewers were used to determine its validity. Internal consistency was used to determine its reliability by Kuder-Richardson method which was 0.766. For measuring economic capital operationally, researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 10 items was used to measure the operational capital of the economy, consisting of 2 items (yes = 1 and no = 0) at nominal level, with scores ranging from 0 to 10. Considering that the items of this questionnaire are also based on objective reality assessment, content validity was used to assess validity and Kuder-Richardson coefficient was used to determine its reliability, which was 0.780. Finally, for measuring physical health, the result of blood sugar extracted by the blood test was made use of. The Logistic Regression Analysis lastly was used for the calculation of the relationships between the variables.

Based on the descriptive research findings, the rate of infection to abnormal diabetes among the respondents was 15.1% which is approximately compatible with the formal statistics in Iran which is 12% of the population over 18 years of age. According to the research findings, social capital has a significant impact on physical health, and with increasing social capital, the proportion of the chance to join the normal blood sugar group increases. This research finding in accordance with the theoretical bases of the study which show that social networks with decreasing anxiety, enforcing health, requesting more suitable health service, and activating the defensive body system, can improve the health. The research findings also indicate that, cultural capital has a significant effect on physical health (diabetes) so that, with increasing the cultural capital the probability of being a member of the normal group (non-diabetes), increases. This research finding in agreement with the theoretical framework of the study and displays that the respondents who have a higher level of information and cognitive abilities, are more sensitive toward their health and as a result, they avoid doing behaviors which can increase the risk of being infected with the diabetes like over consuming sweets, sugar substances, soda or tolerating the severe hunger that are able to create disorder in exudation insulin. Finally, the research findings demonstrate that, economic capital has a significant effect on physical health (diabetes) so that, the higher economic capital people have, the higher chance they have to be the member of the normal group (non-diabetes). It should be pointed out that, this research finding in harmony with the theoretical bases which show that increased economic capital will provide greater access to health services as well as exercise and more opportunities for physical health.

Martyr Seyyed Muhammad Baqer Sadr is one of the scholars who have offered a relatively comprehensive theory regarding the nature, possibility, necessity and conditions of a revolution with the leadership of Islam and how this type of revolution can be implemented. His theory about revolution is not of post-revolutionary or analytic type but is pre-revolutionary and norm-based or guiding and denotative. Therefore it determines the worldview and ideology of revolution. Along this and emphasizing the theoretical pillars and foundations of history's norms and human's freedom, he explains the feasibility of revolution and its necessity for Islamic societies at this age. Then considering factors such as ideology and school of thought, chronological conditions and preparedness, familiarity with the school of thought and necessities, leadership capability, willingness, facilities and capabilities, he tries to answer how a revolution with Islamic leadership can be implemented.

Our question in this paper is: What is the ontological and value features of solidarity and unity that Imam Khomeini considers them as divine obligation a sacred and rational and religious necessity? Our basic hypothesis in this study is that in Imam Khomeini's vision, the concept of unity is the whole unit that is formed of coordinated characteristics and features. In Imam Khomeini's vision, the most important of these characteristics and features are: holding fast to divine rope, belief in public Interests, belief to religious school, collective solidarity as social capital, prosperity, believe in the political system. On this basis, value features of Islamic unity as a social capital, make a discourse, that belief in and practice of it separates The Quranic Ummah from other human communities. In this viewpoint, Islamic unity is based on the two wings: the firm and conscious belief and spirituality and the concept a belief and practical process starts from believe in God and will continue up to establish a political system and the Medina and bring people happiness.

The present study is an attempt to describe the Islamic reformist discourse in the post-Islamic Revolution: The Main Characters who are the producers of this discourse and were selected for this study in clnde: Seyyed Mohammad Khatami, Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Bojnordi and Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Khomeini. The main questions of the present study are: 1- Who are the producers of this discourse 2- Why do they speak? 3- What do they speak about? 4- How do they speak? 5- Who are the addressees? and 6-What action do they propose? The methodology adopted for this research is qualitative discourse analysis. Sampling is the kind of judgments concerning the main producers and speeches, besides the other people. In each of the following research questions, we referred to the works of thinkers emphasizing on these important issues; discussion of civil society, constitution, religious government. Discourse of Islamic reformism provides us with some insight regarding the nature of "religious discourse" in the today Iran: the discourses mentioned, despite their differences in method, are preoccupied with a single issue in their approach to the religion and modern world. Evaluation of the methods used by the argued discourses shows, in spite of some differences with other discourses, they enjoy a common viewpoint in referring to religious texts and in using "traditional approach".

Al-Ahmad as acritical thinker that attitude critical view and attention to the selfish identity challanged the West and the Westernization and ultimately rejecting it, expressed the idea of "Return to the Self". Al-Ahmad for the treatment of retardation and release of the community from domination of the West, points its attention to two important factors: internal and external. retardation and Gharbzadegi (infatuation with the West) in his thought imphy process in different political, economic, social and cultural aspects. Accordingly, he, on the one hand attends to the problem of Gharbzadegi (infatuation with the West) and on the other hand to the problem of Intellectual. "Return to the Self" is his solution for the treatment of illness of retardation and escape from the problems of society. Return to Self means return to system of values, culture, relgion and idea of self: Islam. Consequently, he wants to reform of intellectual and clergy and come these to the scene and creating links between the two main intellectual agents in Iranian society.

Social justice is among the strong aspects of human life, without which human beings are not able to realize the meaning of life while the society is not sustained without attempts for establishment of justice. Moreover, justice and equity and egalitarianism and equity-seeking are two aspects of man’s nature. Any person enjoying a sane reason would move towards justice with a special attraction. Justice and equity are not only a factor for growth, development, welfare and security in the society but are also effective in establishment of unity and integrity in the society. Attempts have been made in the present study to elucidate justice in the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini and his ideas about social justice. In this regard in the first place, the concepts of justice and equity in Islamic thought are discussed in a historical perspective and then the meaning and topics of justice are studied. Finally, the solutions given by Imam Khomeini for the realization of social justice have been inferred from his writings and speeches.

The Islamic Revolution has been compared with other great revolutions of the world with regard to its various aspects. The present paper is an attempt to compare this great phenomenon with the China’s revolution from a new angle in order to review their similarities and differences. Besides theoretical aspects, the history and process of Chinese revolution have been reviewed in this paper. Also the method of comparison of revolutions has been used to comparatively study the two revolutions. The cultural, social, economic, political aspects as well as differences and similarities of the two revolutions have been studied too.