فهرست مطالب ابراهیم زارعی

The chickpea is mainly cultivated in agricultural systems in arid and semi-arid regions and needs low input. Specifications such as the ability to fix nitrogen, deep rooting and the effective use of atmospheric depression have led the plant to play an important role in stabilizing crop production systems. On average chickpea seed contain 23% protein is highly digestible. Water deficit stress is the most important factor limiting the growth and agricultural products in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Drought stress is one of the most important factors in grain yield reduction of chickpea during pod formation and grain filling. Amino acids facilitate the transfer of food in the vascular system by improving the permeability of the cell membrane. In plants under drought stress or salinity, proline is widely used as an osmotic regulator. In fact, amino acids are the main chain in the protein structure, and in turn, are effective in plant growth. Increased proline in chickpea leaves is a mechanism for osmotic adjustment under water stress conditions. Using the priming method is one of the methods for improving seed function and increasing the quality of seeds in adverse environmental conditions, In fact, priming shortens the time from planting to emergence and protects seed of harmful biotic and abiotic factors in the critical stage of seedling establishment. These treatments also result in the emergence of uniformity, resulting in a uniform establishment and improved yield in the crop.

In order to study the effect of Anti-stress materials priming and foliar application on quantitative and qualitative yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Adel cultivar under Irrigation regime an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University as randomized complete block design arrangement in split plot with three replications. The main plots were included 1- optimal irrigation 2- Moderate Irrigation 3- severe Irrigation as withholding irrigation until depletion of 20, 45 and 70 percent of soil available water at root development zone respectively and then the plots were irrigated to field capacity from flowering to plant harvest. Priming and foliar application of anti-stress materials including proline, valine, alanine, commercial combination of amino acids and distilled water together with without anti-stress materials were randomized to the subplot units.

The results showed that priming and foliar application of anti-stress materials and optimal irrigation incresed the number of primary branches to the 58.31% and 36.38%, plant fresh weight to the 108.25% and 36.16%, chlorophyll a to the 40.90% and 68.35%, number of seeds/plant to the 74.48% and 34.66%, pod per plant to the 48.13% and 45.12%, duration of ripening to the 9.53% and 8.65, yield forage to the 30.56% and 39.44%, biological yield to the 65.16% and 44.82% in chekpea in compring with using severe irrigation and without priming and anti-stress materials foliar application treatments repectively. Also 1000 kernel weight and harvest index were increased %20.67 and 27.82% in optimal irrigation related to severe irrigation. Interaction effects between irrigation regimes and anti-stress materials on chlorophyll b showed that the highest rate chlorophyll b related to optimal irrigation with using commercial amino acids to to the 80% and the least it related to severe irrigation without anti-stress materials to the 24%. Application of amino acids was significant in most traits such as number of primary branches, plant fresh weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, Number of seeds/plant, pod per plant, duration of ripening, yield forage, biological yield.

Drought stress reduced photosynthesis and limited the amount of assimilate and thus reduced the yield and yield components In this experiment. In most cases, the application of priming and foliar application of amino acids had a positive effect on the traits, including number of primary branches, plant fresh weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, number of seeds/plant, pod per plant, duration of ripening, yield forage, biological yield at drought stress condition. Therefore, the use of amino acids, especially its commercial combination or proline, is recommended to reduce the effects of water deficit stress in the chickpea Adel cultivar.

In this research, a chitosan and ferrocyanide modified carbon paste electrode has been applied for indirect voltammetric determination of Zn2+ ion. In order to prepare this electrode, first, the chitosan modified carbon paste electrode (Ch/CPE) was fabricated via mixing the certain ratio of graphite powder, paraffin oil and chitosan. Then, ferrocyanide was accumulated on Ch/CPE via electrostatic attraction and as open circuit. The decrease of anodic peak current of cyclic voltammograms of ferrocyanide adsorbed on the chitosan and ferrocyanide modified carbon paste electrode (Fe/Ch/CPE) in Zn2+ ion presence was used for indirect determination of this ion. The effect of various factors on the Fe/Ch/CPE response to Zn2+ ion such as chitosan percentage in carbon paste, ferrocyanide accumulation time on the electrode surface, ferrocyanide concentration and pH solution was studied and optimized. The studies showed that the Fe/Ch/CPE response to Zn2+ ion is linear in two concentration ranges, 0.0019-0.0122 mM and 0.0122-20.00 mM respectively, and the detection limit of method is 5.02 × 10-7 M based on three times the standard deviation (3σ). Also, this method was successfully applied for Zn2+ ion determination in drug real sample.

Correspondence between the assumptions of the policies and the perceptions of the clients of service provider organizations can improve the effectiveness of policies and measures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the image of public libraries.

The present study is a qualitative study. To collect data, the structured interview method was used. A total of 72 people were interviewed. The grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin was the theoretical basis of this study, and the data from the interviews were coded in three stages. The Max Kioda software was used to encrypt the data. The interviewees were selected in such a way as to balance gender, age and education as much as possible. Sampling continued until the concepts were saturated. Four criteria of validity or acceptability, stability, verification capability, and transferability or appropriateness were evaluated to evaluate validity and accuracy of data.

The results of the interviews were 163 open codes, 56 subcategories, 23 categories and 9 core categories. Among the categories, the categories of the unbalanced source of knowledge, the pleasant environment, and the unbearable place were chosen as the core categories. According to Glaserchr('39')s recommendation, the two categories of the pleasant environment and the unbearable place were referred to the unbalanced source of knowledge and this latter category was introduced as the main core category. Evidence from this study shows that peoplechr('39')s view of past libraries has been negative, and many people are reluctant to go to todaychr('39')s libraries because of their view of past libraries. On the other hand, the interviewees offered conditions and suggestions for visiting the libraries, and (according to them) if these conditions are taken into account, their number of visits to the library will increase.

Originality/value:

 Evidence from this study suggests that the images that people had of the library often indicated that they considered library to be an unbalanced source of knowledge. This imbalance stems from the fact that on the one hand, people consider library as a platform for acquiring knowledge, and on the other hand, they believe that library environment is a contradictory environment. Summarizing these contradictions in the form of a code shows the creative vision of the researchers in this study. Furthermore, the subject of this study and the adoption of a qualitative approach in it show its value and authenticity. Attempts to understand the difference between past and present views and to focus on the analysis of peoplechr('39')s mental images have distinguished this research from other studies.

Iran's economy has always been affected by harms and threats such as economic war, sanctions, monopolies, hidden economy and smuggling of goods and currency. Despite many efforts, these injuries continue. The "economic defense" strategy is one of the effective strategies that can be used to reduce these injuries.
The purpose of this research paper is to assess the vulnerability or resilience of the foreign trade system (exports and imports) against external threats (war and economic sanctions) by developing and evaluating specialized indicators appropriate to the general policies of the economy. Resistance, and the establishment of mechanisms for the continuation of Iran's commercial activities in conditions of war, economic sanctions, and so on.
The research method is descriptive-exploratory in terms of purpose and is applied in terms of method and based on documentary studies. The information required for this research has been obtained by reviewing the reports of specialized institutions in the country and internationally, searching the Internet and taking notes from books, articles and thematic reports, and interviewing elites and experts.
Conclusion As a result, the following requirements have been proposed for the strategic document of the country's economic defense in order to reduce the vulnerability of the foreign trade system by focusing on exports and imports.
Developments in Iran's Criminal Legislation against Organized Crime of Trafficking With the approach of crime globalization.

Correction to: Investigation of Electrocoagulation Process Performance with DC Current in Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Aluminum Electrodes
Zabiholllah Yousefi1,
Hossein Sahebian2,
Abdoliman Amouei3,
Reza Ali Mohammadpour4,
Ebrahim Zarei5
1 Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2 MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, IranIn the article published in volume 29, issue 172, 2019, the title was published incorrectly, which is now corrected.

In this paper¡ demand response modeled with unit commitment in a nonlinear optimization problem¡ for increasing system security and economic reasons. By incorporating the demand response in the market it should decrease cost reduction¡ market clearing problems¡ congested lines and make a flat load profile at peak hours. In this problem¡ loads are combined of fixed and responsive loads. When this loads participate in program¡ they could curtail or shift to another operating hours. By considering system security¡ Studies show system speed and higher accuracy in problem convergence. Also¡ demand response decrease network load peak¡ system operating cost¡ fuel consumption and line congestion. Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of proposed method on 6- bus system.

It aimed to determine the level of knowledge sharing and a set of five levels of innovation (environmental, leadership, process, and feedback - the feedback - people) and the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation.
In this study, the type of research is applied and research method used is descriptive correlation. The research population included 31 librarians and administrators of the Tarbiat Modarres University libraries. To gather data 2 questionnaires were utilized. The data, using descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were analyzed.
Findings: The level of knowledge sharing among the librarians, 1.75, is undesirable. In general, knowledge sharing and innovation between the two variables, there is no significant relationship between them.
The directors of the University library share their knowledge and experience to deal with subordinates followed further innovation.

This research seeks to determine the level of knowledge sharing, the absorptive capacity, and the innovation capability at the central libraries of the state universities of Tehran in 1393. Besides, it seeks to identify the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation capability in the library.
This applied research is carried out using survey method – correlation. The research population of 190 people of university libraries are totally included among which 123 of them were selected according to the Morgan,.98 of these participants responded to the questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient are used. The structural equation modeling using Amos software is used to illustrate the parallel relationship between the variables.
Findings: Research findings indicate that the level of knowledge sharing, innovation capability and capacity are not desirable in the central libraries of the state universities in Tehran. According to Table 6, the positive relationship between knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity is absorbed. Also, a significant correlation was observed between the absorption capacity and the innovation capability. Finally there is a significant correlation between the two variables, knowledge sharing and innovation capability . Based on the three major variables it can be concluded that the absorption capacity has no role as a variable between the two variables of knowledge sharing and innovation capability.

The study from direction is sought to determine the level of knowledge sharing and creativity and innovation and On the other hand seeks to illustrate the relationship between knowledge sharing with creativity and innovation.
This applied research is carried out using survey method. The research population of 80 people from librarians of three university Tarbiat Modares , Islamic Azad of Science and Research Branch and Tehran of Medical Sciences. The data using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation coefficient, the F and T tests were analyzed.
Findings: These research findings indicate that is not desirable knowledge sharing, creativity and innovation in central library state university, Islamic Azad Medical Sciences; In addition, there was no significant correlation between knowledge sharing and creativity. however, the variables of knowledge sharing and innovation is a significant relationship.
There was no significant correlation between knowledge sharing and creativity; Means that any changes in the knowledge sharing take place in libraries, it is not necessarily associated with a change in the creative librarian. In addition, the knowledge sharing with environmental innovation, personal innovation, feedback-individual innovation there is no significant correlation; Means that the low and the high knowledge sharing and experience will not follow the low and the high environmental innovation, individual innovation, feedback-individual innovation; The low and the high knowledge sharing and experience, more or less peripheral to innovation, personal innovation, feedback-person innovation. However, knowledge sharing has a positive correlation with leadership innovation, feedback- environment innovation and general innovation

the purpose of the present study is to determine the level of knowledge sharing and creativity and the relationship between them. among Libraries’ Librarians Tarbiat Modares University in 1392. the methodology applied for the present study is descriptive-correlation. The study population included 50 librarians and libraries of Humanities, Engineering and the Central Library of the Tarbiat Modares University. the status of knowledge sharing among the librarians of Tarbiat Moddares University is far from satisfactory, but the creativity of these librarians is up to the scratch. The rate of solidarity between knowledge sharing and creativity with %8 shows that no significant solidarity or relationship exists between them. the libraries ought to participate in educational and research activities in order to improve and enhance knowledge sharing, to propagate and share information and knowledge among librarians and ought to provide required infrastructures for sharing knowledge in the library.

According to the attachment theory, anxiety disorders due to the child and based on attachment disorders are defined. This study examined the relationship between mother's attachment style and school anxieties of mentally retarded male students. All mentally retarded male students of secondary schools during academic year of 2008-2009 in Shiraz were studied (127 students). The adult attachment style questionnaire (AAS -1987) used to assess maternal attachment and school anxiety test (SAS-TR) was applied to assess school anxiety of mental retarded students. The Spearman correlation and Kelomogrof- Smirnoff statistical tests used for data analyses. Secure attachment style of mothers had a negative significant correlation with school anxiety (p

This survey was conducted aimed to compare marital satisfaction among mental-retarded and ordinary children's teachers in Sabzevar in 2008-2009 academic year. This research was of cause-comparison type.For this, married male and female teachers in mental-retarded and ordinary student schools (60 persons in ordinary student group and 60 persons in mental-retarded student group) were studied. Enrich questionnaire was used for data gathering related to marital satisfaction. Data analysis showed that there is no meaningful difference between the two groups of teachers in marital satisfaction. Mental-retarded student school teacher's scores were lower than ordinary ones only in conflict solving sub-scale. In other words, ordinary school teachers had less marital conflicts than mental-retarded student school teachers. Also, there was no meaningful difference between the two groups in marital satisfaction rate based on age, years of services, and sex. Result was that marital satisfaction was not different in two groups. In other words, working with mental-retarded children cause decrease in marital satisfaction of these children's teachers in comparison to teachers of ordinary children.

This research was conducted based on fishing season (autumn and winter) from October 2009 till March 2010 on 180 Wild Common carps (Cyprinus carpio) captured in the coast of Gomishan area in Golestan province,locate sout-east of Caspian Sea.Specimens were collected during 6 months (at least 6 times per month). All specimens were collected from beach seines in the field. Biometric parameters such as total length and weight were measured from all 180 collected specimens and registered in biometric forms. The autopsy was done and the guts were placed in 4 % formalin and transported to Biology Lab of Marine Science and Technology Faculty, North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University. The the content of gut was emptied and examined. The gut relative length factor (RLG), gut vacuity Index (VI), gut fullness Index (GSI), frequency index (FP) of consumed food items & condition of factor (K) were determind. Statistical analysis was done using T-test and oneway ANOVA. Graphs were made software. The average of relative length of gut of all age groups (2+-10 years) was 1.67 ±0.11 cm; the results of statical tests were not significantly differents during various seasons (P> 0.05). The average of gut fullness index was 22.63 ±9.99; the results were significantly different during various seasons (P< 0.05). The (VI) was calculated 71.11%, which shows these species are abstemious. Gut content included Ploychaeta, Oligochaeta, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Ostracoda, Foraminifera, Gobiidae fish remains, Invertebrate eggs, Crab and Parts of plants. Greatest value of (FP) among all age groups belonged to Polychaeta (63.89%).Values of the index showed no significant different in the period (P>0.05). Polychaeta(63.89%) were the main food (FI>50%); Bivalvia(35.00%) , Parts of plants(34.11%) ,Balanus(16.11%) , Crab(32.22%) , Fish remains(44.22%), Oligochaeta(11.67%) , Invertebrate eggs(42.78%) , Gastropoda(36.67%) , Trematod(25.54%) and Ostracoda(12.78%)  were occasional food (10%<FI<50%) , Cumacea(6.67) , Amphipoda(2.78), , Foraminifera(3.33) were random food (FI<10%). The average of index of (K) was 1.39 during the period which shows good nutrition in Wild Common carp.