ابوالفضل رحمانی

Considering to the new conditions compared to the traditional concept, military training courses should be designed in such a way that becomes efficient, effective, and works properly and practical. In contrast, their physical training develops from other types of aspects such as metabolic and hormonal. Resistance exercise (RE) with different types of military and training equipments, such as gas masks, and training masks that performs with a low intensity, results in different physiological responses and effects. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to study the effect of two types of military and training masks during resistance sports exercise on lactate and growth hormone responses in the AJA simulated training program.

In this study, the case-crossover method was used. Twelve military personnel trained (with an average age of 27.75 ± 6.45 years and a body mass index of 25.41 ± 3.43 kg/m2) were randomly chosen and examined in three different physiological training methods traditional (control) training (Intensity: 1RM 75%), training with military and training masks (1RM 30%). The RE consisted of performing 4 squat movements with a total of 65 repetitions. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the workout. The data were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance method with repeated measurements, with SPSS software (version 23) at a significance level of P<0.05.

All three types of exercise caused a significant increase in lactate (P<0.05) and no increase in growth hormone except the traditional method immediately after the exercise, but there was a significant difference between the groups in the amount of lactate, but not in the amount of growth hormone (P<0.05).

Studies have shown that both methods of resistance sports activity with a military mask and exercise such as routine resistance activity can cause a significant increase in blood lactate after exercise. This research confirms the effectiveness of this type of training on lactate increase response and can meet the goals expected from high-intensity training.

Soil erosion is a significant environmental issue of common concern in the world today.  Despite the importance of soil erosion in sustainable development goals in arid and semi-arid areas, the study of the geo-environmental conditions and factors influencing gully erosion occurrence is rarely undertaken. As effort to this challenge, themain objective of this study is to apply an integrated approach to detecting gully erosion features at the Sanganeh Kalat Basin.We also aimed to apply a Conditional Probability (CP) model for establishing the spatial relationship between gullies and the Geo-Environmental Factors (GEFs). The gully erosion inventory map field surveying was randomly partitioned into two subsets: part 1 that contains 70% was used in the training phase of the CP model; part 2 is a validation dataset (30%) for validation of the model and to confirm its accuracy. Prediction performances of the CP model Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve methods, respectively. In addition, the influence of all GEFs on gully erosion was evaluated by performing a sensitivity analysis model. The validation area under the ROC curve for the CP model were 87.32%, respectively. Also, based on sensitivity analysis, lithology, drainage density, distance from river and land use represent significantly effects on the gully erosion occurrence. This study has shown that the integrated framework can be successfully used for modeling gully erosion occurrence in a data-poor environment.

The institutionalization of Iranian society and consequently Qazvin, in various cultural and artistic dimensions, which began with the Constitutional Revolution and had its ups and downs and finally stagnation, gained new momentum in the period 1320-1299 and was seriously pursued. However, the educational institution in the period under discussion had a significant progress in terms of modernization and material development due to necessity and need. Accordingly, the change in the educational structure, which is one of the main axes of the cultural policy of the mentioned period, due to the authoritarian and hasty policy, which was in opposition to the traditional context, caused the expected demands not to be fully met. The cultural institution of education and its reflection in Qazvin contemporary art is the focus of the study in the present study, which in this research is examined by descriptive-analytical method.Two main questions: 1- What place did the educational institution have in the process of modernization and modernization of Qazvin between 1320 and 1299?2- What were the reasons for the establishment and the effects of the educational institution on the cultural-artistic structure of Qazvin? 1- Recognition and analytical income on the developments of Qazvin educational institution in the period of 1320 - 1299 AD, to get acquainted with the cultural-artistic developments of Qazvin2- Identifying the impact of political structure on the cultural-artistic situation and its positive and negative consequences

Hyponatremia is associated with adverse outcomes and increased mortality in acute stroke patients. However, the role of hyponatremia as a negative prognostic indicator has been controversial. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between serum sodium level and impairment and disability in stroke patients in Babol, northern Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 months on 125 stroke patients admitted to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Modified Rankin Scale were used to determine the impairment and disability caused by stroke. Venous blood was collected to determine the serum concentrations of sodium. The normal ranges were defined as 135-145 mEq/L.

Of 125 stroke patients, 108 cases (86.4%) were ischemic stroke. Eighty-two cases (65.5%) had hyponatremia. The type of stroke showed statistically significant difference with hyponatremia in 14 hemorrhagic stroke cases (17%) versus 68 ischemic stroke cases (83%) (p=0.01). Furthermore, the difference in gender showed statistically significant difference with hyponatremia in 49 women (59%), and 33 men (41%) (p=0.02). In hyponatremic patients, the severity of impairment at admission (p=0.01) and disability at discharge time (p=0.02) was higher than patients with normal sodium serum level. In patients with a history of smoking, 9 cases (21%) had normal sodium level while 33 cases (79%) had hyponatremia (p=0.03).

The results of the present study showed that the severity of impairment and disability at the time of discharge in stroke patients is related to serum sodium level. Therefore, paying attention and correcting serum sodium level should be considered more in acute stroke patients.

The growing population and the excessive and unconditional use of natural resources, especially in the soil, have caused many problems, most notably due to soil erosion and sediment production. To do this research, homogeneous unit maps were prepared using slope mapping, land use and geology maps. Each of the effective factors in erosion and parameters in the models were measured separately in each unit of operation, and finally, for each sub-area, the erosion and annual sediment production were calculated. Land use map was prepared using Landsat satellite ETM sensor images after classifying. Based on the results of this study, annual production sediment yield by MPSIAC method in the sub-basin of Unit A of the studied basin was 126.33 cubic meters per square kilometer, 6106 tons per hectare, in unit B sub-basin, respectively 74 cubic meters per cubic meter Kilometers square 167, 1804 t / ha and sub unit C were 150.36 m 3 / km, 9659 t / ha, respectively. The results of the comparison of erosion rates in determining the accuracy of the methods showed that the MPSIAC method is more suitable for estimating erosion and annual precipitation production in the natural and climatic conditions of the studied basin than the other two methods.

Resistance exercise with different methods such as the use of training masks and blood flow restrictions which are performed at lower intensities than the traditional ones is accompanied by various physiological responses. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance exercise with blood flow and respiratory restriction on response of testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol ratio in male wrestlers.

In this study, eight male wrestlers (mean age 26.87±4.7 years and body mass index 25.26±2.49 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to three consecutive weeks in three method of traditional resistance exercises (Control) (with 80% 1RM), resistance exercise with blood flow restriction and resistance exercise with respiratory restriction (with 30% 1RM). Four sets of 15 repetitions for squat were considered as resistance exercise in all conditions. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test.

All three methods of resistance exercise resulted in a significant increase in testosterone, testosterone/cortisol ratio, and no change in cortisol after exercise (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the methods.

The results of this study showed that resistance exercise with restriction of blood flow and respiration can have similar positive effect like to traditional resistance exercise on hormonal responses. Therefore, it seems that these training methods have a convenient effectiveness to improve hormonal changes.

Seeking new sources of groundwater as a source of drinking water in the world due to increasing demand for this vital world is necessary and inevitable.In recent years due to excessive interpretations of these resources the plains are dropping in a way that the depletion of aquifer is more than feeding it. And it causes a negative balance and positive feedback and finally leads to collapse of system. Factors such as population growth, the need for food, the need to improve health and social welfare, industrial development and the protection of ecosystems is increasing water demands every day. That's why the choosing an appropriate and effective, yet professional approach, in order to solve problems faced by water resource management, is necessary. Identify underground water  resources, identify areas with high potential and improving the removal of these resources are the most important goals. The study area is the catchment area of NURABAD MAMSANI of about 756 square kilometers is located in Fars Province in the northwestern part. In this study, the Shannon entropy were studied using 9 raster layer of the area to locate potential sources of underground water basin. And the results of the study showed that the lowest sensitive areas located in the Central Plains that it will take approximately 64% of the areas. And more sensitivity is related to the southern plain which is equal to 2% that is covered 16 kilometers of the area. Results of Shannon entropy model using (ROC) curve showed that the amount of AUC is 85% which is a high and acceptable amount.

Resistance training with new methods of exercise such as blood flow and respiration restriction that is more performed at a lower intensity is pursued various physiological responses. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blood flow and respiratory restriction on blood lactate concentration and growth hormone in the acute response to resistance exercise in collegiate wrestlers. In this study, a cross-sectional was used in which 8 collegiate wrestlers with more than two years' experience (mean age 26.87±4.7 years and body mass index 25.26±2.49 kg/m2) were randomy assigned in three conditions including: control (%801RM) and resistance exercise with blood flow and respiratory restriction (%301RM). Four sets with 15 repitations squat were considered as resistance exercise. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. all three types of exercise caused a significant increase in lactate and growth hormone immediately after the exercise (p <0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the groups (p <0.05). The results of this study indicate that resistance exercise with restriction of blood flow and respiration such as routine resistance training can lead to increased metabolic and hormonal responses. This research also rather confirms the effectiveness of this type of exercise and satisfies the goals such as increased lactate and growth hormone expected from high intensity exercises.

The estimated surface area affected by human-induced soil degradation is 24 percent of the inhabited land areas. A major impact of desertification is loss of biodiversity and loss of capacity of land is known as desertification. Desertifications permanently, but not exclusively occur in arid regions. Mazhan district of Birjand city have agriculture and livestock activities, including areas affected by severe wind erosion in the South Khorasan province. Average annual rainfall in the district during a 20 year period equal to 154 mm and are generally dry and desert climate. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability of wind erosion zones specified period using Landsat satellite images. Wind erosion models are used for a variety of purposes including estimating consequences of wind erosion, as well as for designing erosion control measures. For applying wind erosion model, one has to clearly define the objective of assessment and also to check if required data for running the model is available. In this paper, combining data from two models: the model of wind erosion IRIFR zoning and land use land cover classification using satellite images is done. Finally, multivariate statistical method of principal component analysis, the spatial and temporal variability of wind erosion zone is studied. The results indicate the highest rate of occurrence of wind erosion in areas of moderate intensity on the geomorphologically alluvial fans. The first principal component, which contains 98.89% of the variation in the areas of wind erosion is the best representative of the area during the period under consideration.

Road accidents are important factor of deaths and serious injuries both in living and financial aspects. It threatens severely human societies. Among the climatic factors playing role in road accident such as precipitation, snowing, blizzards, ice, fog and etc. In this study, their effects in Tabriz-Jolfa road were studied and analyzed. This road with 130 km length is one of the most important connecting roads of East Azerbaijan. Therefore, data and information related to road accidents which occurred during the years 1388-89 along with the data on climatic conditions in each hour were analyzed by using the statistical methods of regression, and then by Arc-GIS software, and using the Kriging interpolation method. The accident risk map in each of the climatic conditions was prepared and drawn. Results show that road section between 25-30, and 60-70, and 125-130 km in sunny and clear sky conditions, the road section between 1-5, 25-30, 65-70, and 120-130 km in cloudy conditions, section between 22-35 km in rainy conditions, and 42-55 and 105110 km in snowy conditions, 55-65 and 105-110 km in foggy conditions, 22-30 and 105-110 km during hazing hours bear higher risks of accidents.

In recent years the role of climate conditions as one of the most important factors affecting road accidents has attracted the attention of many researchers; and many studies have been done in this field. This research investigates the effects of climatic parameters on road accidents in one of mountainous roads of Iran (Sardasht-Urmia Road). For this purpose, data of accidents and hourly data of climate collected form 2005 to 2007 period of time and them investigated using regression analysis, and interpolation methods. The climatic parameters of frost, snow, precipitation, cloudiness, fog and sunshine selected as the independent variable, and the occurred accidents in the research spatial area were selected as the dependent variable. Results showed that the sunshine condition as a climatic parameter has had the highest effect on road accidents in the research area and the snow and frost condition acquired the second and third rank respectively. The accidents zoning maps of Sardasht-Urmia road has been drawn in multiple climatic conditions. At the end of research some suggestions offered in order to increasing security and decreasing accidents in mentioned road.