ابوالفضل سراجی

The assessment of Patient satisfaction with the care given by nursing students in clinical setting can be helpful in the development of a scientific and practical training. Thus, we aimed to determine patient satisfaction with the care given by students in clinical setting. This cross-sectional study was conducted, in 2010, on 1560 inpatients in four hospitals of three provinces (Markazi, Lorestan and Charmahal Bakhtiari) via a questionnaire consisting of two parts of demographic characteristics with 15 questions and patient satisfaction with 30 questions. Given the range of 30-150, the score of more than 90 was considered having satisfaction. The data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and Pearson, using SPSS software. Results showed that 73.2 were satisfied 26.8 percent were Dissatisfied. patients satisfaction in health centers located in different provinces and cities in the province of Chahar Mahal, Bakhtiari was more central (P=0.001). It seems that some (26.8%) of the patients are not satisfied with the care given by nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to hold a course related nursing ethics.

Nearly half of billion people worldwide suffer from mental disorders especially anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are most common in women. One of the causes of anxiety disorders in women is hormonal problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of common medications used to treat or reduce the symptoms of female hormonal imbalance which can lead to anxiety disorders. In this clinical trial، 210 women with mastalgia were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into three groups. Before the study، anxiety levels were assessed with the Beck anxiety inventory (BDI). For three months، the first group was given Vitex tablets and the second group was given vitamin E. The third group was control and received no intervention. At the end، anxiety levels were assessed again and the groups compared with each other. The mean of Beck anxiety scores at the time of entering the study were 24. 6±2. 4 in Vitex Agnus Castus group، 22. 7±1. 4 in vitamin E group، and 23. 3±3. 3 in control group، and no significant differences between the groups has been observed. At the end of study، there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups. The mean of anxiety scores reduced to 12. 6±2. 1 in Vitex Agnus Castus group، 19. 5±1. 1 in vitamin E group and 20. 2±3. 4 in control group. The results showed that both drugs reduced anxiety levels. This effect in vitex agnus castus is more than other groups. Since vitex agnus castus is used to treat some of the women’s diseases، we can also use this herbal drug as an anti-anxiety drug and reduce chemically anti-anxiety drugs. Another important point of vitex agnus castus is low cost of this drug that can be considered.

Pain is the most common cause which leads people to medical centers. Pain is a mental perception and the people’s sensation of painful events and their reactions greatly differ from one another. “Mastalgia” is among the most prevalent women’s complaints and concerns. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of Evening Primrose and Vitex Agnus on pain scale of the women with cyclic Mastalgia. This study is a clinical and triple-blind trial with a control group. The subjects include 210 women being selected through simple sampling and distributed in three 70-subject groups randomly. The medications included Vitex Agnus tablets for the first group; Evening Prime rose for the second group and Vitamin E for the control group for a period of two months. The criterion of chest pain has been measured before and two months after intervention through filling a questionnaire and the collected data were compared. The data were then analyzed by SPSS software، one-way ANOVA and paired T-test. The mean pain criterion for the first group was 5/67±1/411 before the intervention and 4/51±0/864 after the intervention; respectively 5/70±1. 448 and 3/70±1. 012 for the second group and decreased to 5/70±1. 438 and 4. 84±1. 099 for the control group (p<0/05). The results demonstrated that Vitex Agnus has some positive effects on the pain scale of the women’s with Mastalgia and thus can be used as an effective clinical method.

Substantial number of people، for the treatment of various diseases، are seeking an alternative to conventional medicine. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders which is observed twice in women than in men and one of its causes in women is hormonal imbalance. Since the medicinal plants are effective in the treatment of this disorder، this research carried out to study the effect of Evening primrose oil، Vitex Agnus Castus and vitamin E، on depression in women with cyclic Mastalgia. In this clinical trial، 210 women with cyclic Mastalgia with the inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling، and randomly divided into three groups. At first، the level of depression measured by Beck Depression Inventory and then Vitex Agnus in the first group، Evening primrose oil in the second group and vitamin E in the third group were given for three months. Finally depression levels were assessed again by Beck Depression inventory (BDI). The data were collected and compared through statistical tests. Significant differences were observed in depression levels of patients before and after treatment in Vitex agnus and Evening primrose oil groups. But، no significant difference was observed before treatment and after treatment in Vitamin E group The results showed that these 2 herbal drugs reduced a similar rate of depression، but Vitex agnus drug is recommended to be used by women with depression، because it is more economical.

Mastalgia is a one of the most common reasons for consultation to all the women who make repeated visits to health care centers. The aim of this research was to compare the effect of Evning primrose and Vitex on mastalgia. This study is a one-stage clinical trials which carried out on 210 women with Mastalgia whom were placed in three groups of 70. The first group: Vitex tablets، the second group: primrose capsules and the control group: vitamin E were given for 2 months. Before and 2 months after the intervention scores for chest pain were campared and evaluated by a questionnaire. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that the mean pain score in the intervention group has dropped and average days without pain have increased in the three groups and average days with moderate pain decreased in all three groups and average days with severe pain have decreased in all three groups (Cardiff chart) (p<0. 0001). Statistical tests showed that the effect of Vitex has been more than the others (p<0. 0001). The results showed that Vitex، has a good therapeutic effect on cyclic Mastalgia and can be used as an effective treatment.

The most common syndrome in women is PMS. Premenstrual syndrome is one or more periodic large collection symptoms before menstrual cycle، which lead to degree of changes in personal activities and active lifestyle for him and followed by a period with no symptom is generated. Hypericum Perforatum L. and vitex agnus are two herbal remedies that have been used to relieve symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. The purpose of this study is determination of the effect of Hypericum Perforatum L. and vitex agnus and VitE on Premenstural Syndrome. This is a one-stage clinical trials. The study sample included 210 women with PMS were placed in three groups of 70 (Simple randomized). In the first group، Vitex tablets; second group، Hypericum Perforatum L. tablets and the control group were given vitamin E for 2 months. Before and 2 months after the intervention were compared with standard chart of PMS. Intensity of Symptoms were identified with the number 1 (no symptoms)، 2 (mild symptoms)، 3 (moderate symptoms) and 4 (severe symptoms). The results were analyzed using SPSS software. In the study of descriptive and inferential statistics including Mann -Whitney U test، Kolmogrov Smirinov، test t paired، chi-square test، Fisher''s exact test and one -way ANOVA was used for diffraction. The significance level for all tests p<0. 05 was considered. Measure of average intensity of Symptoms were received in Hypericum Perforatum L. group 62. 03 ± 31. 54 before intervention to 38. 76 ± 12. 11 after the intervention; in Vitex group of 61. 23 ± 30. 54 to 25. 25 ± 17. 78 and the vitamin E group، from 61. 24 ± 32. 04 to 54. 9 ± 19. 24. Compare average intensity of Symptoms in the Hypericum Perforatum L. group and in vitamin E group (p<0. 005)، also Vitex group and in vitamin E group (p<0. 001); and in the Hypericum Perforatum L. group and Vitex group (p<0. 001) before and after intervention; Showed that has increased; but this is a dramatic decrease in Vitex group. This study showed that Vitex a good therapeutic effect for Premenstrual syndrome treatment and it can be used as an effective treatment.

It is vital that the managers identify and use some appropriate methods to increase job satisfaction. Performance appraisal is one of the essential task for managers to achieve organizational goals، improving the quality of services and one of the factor for job satisfaction.

The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between quality of performance appraisal and job satisfaction of nurses in hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences.

This study was a descriptive – correlation that all nurses (133) in teaching hospitals of Arak in 1390 were selected. Data were collected by two questionnaires; performance appraisal had 44 and job satisfaction had 20 questions. Their reliabilities were 0. 85 and 0. 72 respectively by Cronbach Alpha. Data analysis was done by Spearman correlation coefficient and used software SPSS 13.

Results showed that nurses believed that head nurses have moderate competence for the implementation of performance appraisal (80. 5%). Also، qualities of process and outcome performance appraisal were average level; respectively، by 50. 4 % and 60. 9% of nurses. The majority (72. 2%) of nurses expressed moderate level of job satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between a feeling of job satisfaction and nurses’ perceptions of head nurses’ competence، process and outcome qualities (P<0/05).

Regarding the results، it is necessary all nurse managers try for self- empowerment and promote the quality of the performance appraisal process.

High Body mass index، is a common problem in the people، especially women، that can cause a variety of diseases. Increased BMI as a health problem and epidemic in the world and is growing. this was a clinical trial study that has been done on 150 women in khomain. They were divided into two groups of 75 members. in the first group vitex agnus castus and the second group capsules of Evening primrose oil was given for 3 months. before the study and during the 3 months later BMI were assessed by questionnaire. mean age of two groups were 27. 9 and 28. 8، that there was no statistically significant difference. Mean of BMI in first group was 22. 94 ±1. 621 and in second group was 22. 81 ±1. 241. after 3 months there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. (Paired t test، with p= 0. 644 for vitex agnus castus group and p=0. 085 for Evening primrose oil. Although the Vitex Agnus Castus and Evening Primrose oil have compounds With hormonal or metabolic changes in the body can lead to weight loss and obesity. However، this effect was not observed in this study and the use of Evening primrose oil for this purpose is not recommended due to its high price

Half of the pregnant women suffer from the excruciating degrees of labor pain. Nowadays, however, the use of painkillers for decreasing labor pain due to their adverse effects on the mother and child is less common and attention has been shifted towards non-medical methods and complementary medicine such as message therapy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, and herbal medicine. One of the branches of complementary medicine is hydrotherapy with herbal essences. Breathing techniques, on the other hand, have been used for decreasing pain for many years but they have not received much consideration in Iran. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of aromatherapy with lavender and breathing techniques on the reduction of labor pain This randomized trial was done to consider the effect of lavender essence through aromatherapy on labor pain.. In the breathing group, the conducted cool lavender vapor (1.5%) was used during the active phase while breathing technique was used in the other group. There were 60 subjects in each group that were sampled through convenience sampling in the OR. However, the subjects were randomly allocated to each group. After obtaining written consent from all subjects, pain score were measured once before the intervention and three times after intervention in three different dilations (4-6, 6-8, and 8-10 cm) through VAS (visual analogue scale). The results were analyzed through t-test and Chi 2. The results indicated that the differences between pain scores before and after intervention in the lavender (81%±2.48) and breathing technique group (1.88±0.27) were significant (P=0.01). This study showed that aromatherapy can be used as a good alternative for the other varieties of complementary medicine. Such substances through their mechanisms can decrease patients’ anxiety and awareness of the pain. Moreover, they can be used in different ways including massage and absorption through skin, breathing, and aromatherapy bathing so that the mother is not forced to choose only one method.

Nursing students are often exposed to verbal abuse and/or physical assaults from patients and patients’ families during the course of their training. Although، past studies have explored violence against nurses، a little attention has been paid by researchers to workplace violence against nursing students. The aim of this study is to identify and explore influencing factors on workplace violence in nursing students during their training programs.

In this descriptive study، 271 nursing students completed a reliable and valid questionnaire. Participants were working in teaching hospital affiliated to Arak University.

In total، 74. 9% and 7. 38% of the respondents stated that they had been verbally abused and physically assaulted during their training program in the previous 12-months period، respectively. Most of physical attacks were happened by patients whereas most verbal abuses by patients’ families. There were no statistically significant differences between sex and different years in violence.

Nursing students are often exposed to violence during the course of their training programs. Nursing students require training on how to prevent and respond to workplace violence، and this important topic should be incorporated into the nursing student's curriculum.

Nursing students such as health care workers are at risk of needle stick/sharps injuries. However, little attention has been paid by researchers to this topic. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency, causes and practice of nursing students in contaminated needle stick/sharps injuries.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2009. 227 nursing students were participated in study. A questionnaire, consisting two sections of demographic information and questions about exposure to needle stick/sharps injuries was completed by students.

70% and 43% of the subjects had experienced at least one contaminated NSIs in total education period and the past 12 months, respectively. The average number of injuries per student was 1.02 times/student/year. Approximately 40 percent of the injuries were not reported to the clinical educator. The first action after incidents in 51.6 % of the subjects was squeezing the wound. After incidents, 64.22 % tracking patients’ tests for blood-borne pathogens and 10% of the subjects did not perform any action following incidents.

Needle stick/sharps injuries were highly prevalent in nursing students. More education programs should be directed at students to increase their awareness of about needle stick/sharps injuries and about the actions after the incident.

One way of quitting addiction is forming narcotics anonymous (NA) groups. Noticing the high rate of reappearance of drug usage in these groups, the researchers decided to obtain a proper method of increasing the duration of abandonment period through the analysis of different factors affecting the reappearance of addiction. In a cross-sectional analytical study, all NA members (350 men) in Khomein were evaluated through questionnaire and referral interview. Data related to factors affecting quitting addiction, development of addiction, and reappearance of addiction were analyzed. The most important causes of addiction were enjoyment and curiosity (75.1%), whereas the most important factors in abandonment were weariness and pressure from family (45.4%). Also, 48.9% of individuals had previously relapsed into using narcotic substances. The most important factors in reappearance of addiction in NA groups were unemployment and change in income (12.6%). A significant relationship was found between level of education and place of living and addiction to narcotics (p=0.000), whereas there were no significant relationships between the type of narcotic substance and quitting addiction or the mean age of individuals and trying or not trying to quit. Noticing the high rate of reappearance of narcotics usage in NA groups, it seems that current programs for prevention of addiction have not been successful in this regard. However, based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that provision of employment opportunities after quitting addiction can, to some extent, prevent the reappearance of addiction in NA groups.

Job burnout is a common consequence of job stress among nurses which has negative impacts on the quality patient care and physical and mental health status of nurses and it imposes some expenses on health care system. This research aiming at comparing burnout level among the nurses in Markazi province can offer some solutions for reducing burnout and improving self-esteem in nurses. In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, via stratified random sampling, 66 nurses working in the clinical sections of governmental hospitals in Arak, Khomein and Saveh and 33 nursing instructors and nursing faculty members of Arak University of Medical Sciences who had their BSc or MSc in nursing were selected. Maslach Burnout Inventory was then administered to the participants. Mean of Job burnout (40.84%) in this research was higher than that of other similar studies. Mean of emotional exhaustion scores, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were 28.38, 9.41 and 29.31, respectively. The difference between occupational burnout in nurses working in the clinical sections and those in the educational departments were significant in the domain of depersonalization. But in other domains, no statistically significant differences were seen between the two groups. Job burnout among educational and clinical nurses is generally high in Markazi province. This can be decreased through such special ways as increasing job stability and freedom of action, clarification of individual responsibility regarding personal performance and dividing tasks among the members for lowering workload.

One of disorder with destroyed of function and perception of body’s structure is cerebrovascular accident (CVA). By current statistical results, CVA is the third agents of death. Self care is the one section of rehabilitation in patients with CVA. By nurse’s support, the patient will performance self care and he will acquire feeling self- respect. This quasi experimental research was carried out on 42 CVA patients. Data collection instrument was SS- QOL questionnaire. First QOL indicator was measured by SS- QOL questionnaire. In experimental group self care program was instructed. After 5 weeks, patient’s QOL in two groups were measured again by the same questionnaire. T test, Chi Square and Willcaxon test was used to data analysis. A significant difference was observed between QOL score before and after self care program in experimental group (p≥0.001), as well as a significant difference was seen between QOL score in experimental and control groups (p≥0.00128). Findings of this research showed that education of self care to patients by nurses in hospital or home can increase quality of life in the patients with CVA.