فهرست مطالب احسان حمیدی زاده

Maintaining and continuing a nutritional lifestyle in any culture as an identity component, is matter. The continuation of this culture also has a positive effect on food security and maintaining the health of the people of the society, the result can be the cultivation of healthy human beings and dynamic and efficient societies. The aim of this study is investigating the cultural factors related to a nutritional lifestyle (with emphasis on the consumption of takeaway food) among residents aged 18 and older in Shiraz. The method of this research is surveying with a quantitative approach and cross-sectional based on time criteria. Also, the method of collecting information is through field research and the tools used in that questionnaire. Data in this study were collected using stratified cluster sampling method. The sample size according to Cochran's formula is 420 people. In this study, cultural capital is in objective, visualized and institutional dimensions between different groups has been studied. The cultural capital variable had no significant relationship with nutritional lifestyle But viewed from an institutional point of view, cultural capital, which includes validated credentials in various skills, has had a meaningful relationship with the nutritional style; that is, the higher the qualifications the individuals held, the more their inclination has been towards outsourced nutritional style. Finally, it can be concluded that the take a way food style has not yet been able to become a common nutrition style.

The phenomena, through which, a person knows himself and others is an identity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation and analyze identity networks of youths from different ethnicities as well as to understand their complexities and priorities. Highlighting these networks can help us understand the identity patterns of Iranian teenagers. As such, the identity elements of youths have been investigated based on the compositional theoretical framework. In this research, a quantitative approach was taken using a survey technique and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of youths in the cities of Zahedan, Ahvaz, Urmia, Sanandaj and Gorgan. In this study, the statistical sample includes 2000 people. After collecting the data, SPSS, AMOS and UCINET software were used and the dimensions of identity were drawn in the form of tables and graphs. With reference to the analysis of the network of identity resources of youths, it can be said that civic identity is not related to the rest of identity resources, and this lack of connection includes the structures within the range of national identity as well as the remaining structures of identity dimensions. Referring to this issue, it seems that cultural structures play an infrastructural and fundamental role in identifying adolescence, and the behavioral, historical and political dimensions of identity are influenced by culture and since the culture element is motivational, cognitive and behavioral; it is the main factor of communication between all identity domains of a person.

Food, while fulfilling biological needs, acts as a pivotal element in social and cultural identities. It is around the act of eating and nutrition that social interactions and communications are cultivated and reinforced within families, kinship circles, and friendly groups. Similarities in dietary and nutritional habits can also lead to a homogeneity among distinct social groups and subcultures. This study aims to examine the social determinants influencing lifestyle choices, particularly focusing on the consumption patterns of takeaway food among Shiraz city residents aged 18 and above. 

Methods and Data: 

This study was conducted through a quantitative survey approach, utilizing a cross-sectional design. Data were collected though a survey questionnaire. A stratified cluster sampling technique was employed to gather data among 420 people aged 18 and above in Shiraz city. 

The study revealed a significant and inverse relationship between the social capital and lifestyle choices in terms of nutritional patterns. Based on the results, with the decrease of social capital, the desire for a style of takeaway food increased. Results also show that the social capital scores were consistently moderate to high across various groups, showing little variation. The findings further suggest that social participation plays a more pivotal role than other aspects of social capital. 

The research indicates that various social groups in Shiraz, endowed with a relatively high level of social capital, maintain a firm commitment to the city's traditional nutritional lifestyle. This contrasts sharply with the nutritional changes often associated with development and industrialization processes. 

Key Message:

 With the proliferation of take-out food establishments, identifying the key factors influencing this dietary habit is essential to minimize its negative impacts and limit its expansion. The study suggests that the diverse social groups in Shiraz, underpinned by strong social capital, adhere to the traditional dietary lifestyle that is prevalent in the city, showing resistance to the nutritional changes that are often associated with ongoing development and industrialization.

Social isolation is one of the problems of today's society, and its prevalence among people with special conditions, such as blindness. The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the feeling of social isolation and spiritual health in visually impaired people. The statistical population of this research was the blind people of Shiraz city covered by welfare Institution. The sampling method adopted was random sampling. SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis of this research. Two main processing categories were performed on the data, and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for this purpose. The findings showed that the respondents' social isolation is moderate. Also, the findings showed that at the level of inferential analysis, the tests between the variables of age, gender, severity of disability, cause of disability, duration of disability, and social isolation are not significant, but the tests between the variables of income, employment status, marital status, education level, spiritual health, and social isolation are significant. In sum, the results of this research show that in explaining the social isolation of visually impaired people in Shiraz, the explanatory level of acquired social factors is much higher than other factors; therefore, policies must be aimed at improving the social conditions of this people.

Nowadays, Marijuana use is one of the today’s social issues. Official reports show the increase of marijuana use in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological experience of marijuana use among the young people in Rasht, Iran. 

Methods and Data:

 This study was conducted qualitatively with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 20 young people in Rasht with a history of marijuana use and selected by purposive sampling and they were analyzed using the thematic method. 

Several themes were extracted from the interviews, including moving towards selection, forming repetition, sense of responsibility and position, and confrontation, how the youth of Rasht use their actions to define the meaning of life and express their conceptual views about it. 

This study shows that the actors choose Marijuana due to their perception of the functions of its use and the situations that this use provides for them. Marijuana consumption does not play a role in the meaninglessness of actors' lives, but it can be a conscious behavior according to the requirements of life and overcoming repetition, which lead them to choose it so that they can give meaning to their lives in their own opinions. 

Key Message: 

The desire to consume Marijuana in the interviewees—despite the social moral standards and the resulting anxiety—shows that the actors are involved freely in the choice of their consumption and their action. Based on this, they can take responsibility for their choice of using marijuana.

The present research aimed to discover the semantic system of addiction from the perspective of marijuana users.

The research method was grounded theory in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 young people in the city of Rasht who had a history of marijuana use, and the data were collected by theoretical-purposive sampling and analyzed with open, axial, and selective coding.

The identified and extracted factors affecting the pleasurable addiction included: a) underlying factors, including being recognized as abnormal and differentiation of viewpoints, b) underlying factors, including individual social insight, expansion of worldview, and individuality orientation, and c) interfering factors, including friends’ socialization and increasing the quality of friendship. Also, the strategies included awareness of substance quality, self-control, and consumption framework among marijuana users.

Institutional, social, and individual factors are effective in the users’ semantic system of addiction. Given the type of use, and considering their actions rationally and consciously and the appropriate functions of marijuana in their social life, and relying on the idea that I wish marijuana was free in Iran, activists do not consider marijuana use an addictive act. On the other hand, they view the definition of addiction originating from society and structures as a label that leads to the loss of their current social position. In addition, users' semantic system of addiction is also created and strengthened in the process of learning and modeling with peers, and they believe that marijuana is different from other drugs and consider it a normal activity.

The issue of identity in many countries, including Iran, is not a single issue and is affected by various sources of identity, which sometimes conflict and interaction with each other has caused concerns; Hence, one can have an identity according to the phenomena through which man knows himself/herself and introduces herself/himself to others. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation and analysis of the identity network of adolescents of different ethnicities and to understand its complexities, priorities. The present study was conducted to investigate the ratio of identity dimensions among students in Sanandj, Iran. The sample of the study consisted of 400 male and female students studying in Sanandj. The data were collected through questionnaire. The data analysis has been performed by SPSS software and we have used descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and also path analysis techniques. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between all identity dimensions, namely ethnic identity, national identity, religious identity and global identity. National identity has the highest relationship, followed by religious identity, global identity and ethnic identity has the least relationship. This relationship is indeed positive and direct. 

Throughout the history, people have used different ways of earning income through entertainment activities. With a growing number of users, online gambling and prediction sites are among the most prevalent modes of such activities in the twenty-first century. In Iran, a lot of young people (aged 15-30) spend a considerable amount of time and energy on such sites. This phenomenological study investigates the experience of gambling sites users, seeking to provide a clear understanding of why and how Iranian users engage in such activities and justify earning income through these sites.

This qualitative study employs a phenomenological approach. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 users of gambling and prediction sites.

Several themes were extracted from the interviews, including changing Halal income, escaping from daily routine, having an intense sense of dependence, financial independence and choosing effective techniques. These themes explain how gambling websites users experience gambling and show their conceptual standpoint towards these websites.

What was remarkable in the participants’ statements was their understanding of Halal income, i.e., although like other members of the society they tried to find sources of income, they were not much faithful to conventional definitions of legitimate income. As such, they contended that in today’s world, methods of monetization had changed and any job that would require effort and concentration could qualify as a legitimate one. In fact, users of gambling sites had changed their perceptions of Halal income

ISIS is one of the religious extremists whose practical treatment of "others" is the result of the realization of three theoretical approaches in their thinking: First, they have closed their minds on other thoughts, so they do not pay attention to other views and approaches. Secondly, on the same basis, they reject any view or current that is inconsistent with their religious views.Third, their apocalyptic worldview.If these three be realized in any religious and thought current, it will lead to violent behaviors in the field of action and communication with others.This paper focuses on the social and political development of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, explores  the notion of worldview analysis in general and  as applied to this movement and determines that there are at least three different kinds of worldviews related to groups of followers who may survive, in different ways. Also, this paper is bridged between Sociology and Theology then reached a new Sociotheological reading about ISIS.   We were able to analyze this form of Islamic extremism as a thought and extract three different worldviews as social theology from the heart of this movement.

Jihad is a critical concept which Islamic fundamentalists are interperate it in fatal ways. Jihad is defined in classic Islamic texts precisely that Shia and Sunni are not challenged about it. Women have not had main role in Jihad before emergence of ISIS in Middle East.
The methodology considered in the paper is qualitative and the method used to analyze jihad is a comparative-historical method. As the specificity of the women's presence in jihad in the Islamic world is significant in the study, relying on traditional totalitarian historical interpretations does not clarify the aspects of the phenomenon, and we used the genealogical method to examine it.
By studying the classical texts on jihad, we discovered the women's status as a starting point or zero in genealogical analysis, which is childbearing and marriage, and finally a trip to the house of God based on the historical documents of female jihad.  Mohammad Khair heikal's book was a breakpoint in women jihad discourse that is accelerate women participations in Jihad.
In this paper, we have shown the selective form of narrations and history in line with today's goals by jihadi theorists to involve women in jihad to some extent. Feminists are argued about women recruitment in ISIS that is made resistance point in Jihad discourse. Although most Jihadist ideologists are insisted in unparticipating women in Jihad.

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Most fundamentalists expect rapid changes just now and most of them seek to establish religious government right now and right here. In general definitions of fundamentalist movements Messianism and Millennium oriented are assumed as integral elements. In this study, weight Messianism and Millennium oriented in Haredim, Taliban and moral majority. Each of these movements are influential fundamentalist movement during their times and religions. We use comparative case oriented method and extract some facts from each movement about Messianism and Millennium oriented. One result of this study knows about the lack of uniform weight of Messianism in fundamentalist movements. We also have to understand messianism in relation to other elements of these movements such as: selectivity and sharp boundaries. The findings of this study support by theory of Applby, Almond and Sivan. They have been attempting to explain religious fundamentalist movements dimensions in theoretical framework.

Parents have effective role in children upbringing. So study of parent’s authoritarian personality and transfer it to child could be serious. This paper tries to show relationship of authoritarian personality and social capital and other variables (such as, age, education…).In these study, we focused on primary school parents in Shiraz. Adorno’s F- scale was main scale for measuring parent’s authoritarian personality and we distribute our questionnaire among 400 parents. Statistics analyses show relation between two main variables (authoritarian personality and social capital) are significant. In addition, some variable such as age, education and number of children had significant relation with authoritarian personality. Finally our conclusion shows that on primary school parents in Shiraz have high rate of authoritarian personality.