فهرست مطالب احمد اسدی

Urban regeneration, as a comprehensive and integrated operational vision and approach, seeks to improve the economic, social, physical and environmental conditions of an urban community that has been subject to change; in a way that ultimately leads to a sustainable economic, physical, social and environmental development and improvement. Meanwhile, one of the ongoing problems of human settlements is biological hazards and epidemics such as malaria, influenza and coronavirus (Covid virus 19), which has faced many challenges in different parts of the world, especially cities in various economic, social, environmental and other dimensions. Therefore, there is a need for a framework for planning and regeneration approaches to future cities in order to deal with such risks. For this purpose, the present study has been written with the aim of developing applied knowledge in identifying the factors affecting the realization of sustainable urban regeneration of Tabriz in the post-Corona era. Therefore, the research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and exploratory in nature, and data analysis has been done using the Delphi method (15 elites and managers) and the application of cross-impact analysis technique in Micmac software. Based on the obtained results, the most effective among the studied components for sustainable urban regeneration of Tabriz in the post-Corona era are related to the components of information technology management in organizations in charge of urban affairs and emphasis on knowledge-based and knowledge-based management, emphasis on urban governance and urban management system integration, to create a mechanism to achieve the participation of citizens, private institutions and government organizations in the urban management system and the realization of a holistic view in the face of complex issues of cities.

Nowadays, access to affordable housing is one of the problems of most cities, especially in developing countries, due to which the urban poor are settled in housing that lacks the necessary quality. In this regard, planning to provide affordable housing is considered one of the necessities of today's cities. Considering the importance of the subject, the present research has been written with the aim of assessing the capacity of the housing planning system in providing affordable housing in Tabriz metropolis. Therefore, the research method is practical in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in nature. The statistical population of the research also includes managers, officials, experts and academic elites related to the field of housing planning, and using Cohen's formula, 200 people have been determined as the sample size. In line with data analysis, structural equation modeling has been used in Amos software. The findings of the research indicate that the most realizable among the variables of affordable housing planning in Tabriz metropolis are related to the variables of benefiting from realistic proposed models in urban development plans, coordination between the policies of urban and regional planning plans with housing plans and planning, and strict monitoring and control based on the price and quality of materials, which respectively the coefficients extracted based on the structural model are 0.75, 0.71 and 0.69 for each. Also, based on the results of the model, the critical value for all variables (civil, urban development and housing construction policies, public policies and economic policies) is calculated as low as 1.96 and they are not confirmed at the 95% confidence level. In other words, affordable housing planning in Tabriz metropolis is in an unfavorable situation.

The purpose of this research is to present the human resources development model with the approach of dynamic capabilities in the framework of the general policies of the energy system. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part is based on data analysis. The statistical community of the research in the qualitative part includes 15 experts and human resource managers of the National Iranian Oil Company. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and researcher-made questionnaires in the quantitative part. Questionnaire validity and construct validity and reliability were calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The results of the research were categorized in the form of six causal factors, central phenomenon, strategies, background conditions, intervention and consequences. Causal factors include organizational, environmental, and individual factors. and contextual factors including individual and structural factors and phenomenon-oriented factors including examining and understanding the future, combining and redesigning human resources capabilities, the ability to understand the environment, the ability to acquire knowledge and intervening factors including political, economic, legal considerations and consequences including Improving the dynamic capabilities of human resources, improving the dynamic capabilities of the organization and improving productivity.

The present research has been written to assess the capabilities and zoning of the geo-tourism capabilities of Tarom. The research method in the current research is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with a practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature; in order to analyze the information, Comanescu’s capability measurement method, Fuzzy Network Analysis Model (ANP-FUZZY), and also GIS software. The research results showed that the geo-sites of Tarom County have high geo-tourism values. Meanwhile, the geo-site of the Valider Sheit River has the highest value, the geo-site of the Ghezel Ozan River ranks second, and the Nokian River ranks third. Also, the investigation of the geo-tourism criteria of Tarom shows that 46.49% of the studied area is suitable for the development of geo-tourism. On the other hand, the geo-sites with high value in the Comanescu Model are consistent with the potential geo-tourism zones resulting from zoning in the county and have an acceptable level.

Nowadays, due to the increasing problems of cities due to the increasing expansion of urbanization, the application of new approaches in urban planning in order to achieve sustainable development is an inevitable necessity. In this regard, one of the effective approaches to the sustainable development of cities has been planning to make them smarter. Given the importance of the smart approach in planning cities today, the purpose of this study is to presentation of a smart city development model with emphasis on the characteristics of education city in Ghaen city. Therefore, the research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in nature which in order to analyze the data, has been used structural equation modeling method in AMOS software. It is noteworthy that the statistical population of the study includes academic elites and Ghaen city managers and due to the uncertainty of the number of statistical population, through Cohen's formula at the 95% confidence level, 90 people have been selected as the sample size. Findings show that the most important variables affecting the feasibility of smart city in Ghaen city are smart management, smart environment, smart citizen, smart economy, smart mobility and smart life, which have an impact rate based on the structural model are calculated 0.89, 0.81 0, 0.73, 0.65, 0.58 and 0.52. The results also indicate that the education approach (educator city) can play a pivotal role in achieving the indicators of Ghaen smart city through planning in three dimensions of educational facilities, urban environment and citizens. In this regard, it can be said that about 64% of the realization of Ghaen smart city is explained by the existence and realization of the indicators of the city of education.

One of the main destruction factors of oak forests is the oak leaf roller Tortrix viridana L. which causes a lot of damage to these woods by feeding leaves and buds of oak trees. The purpose of study was to investigate the population changes of this pest in different altitudes. This research was conducted in 2018 in Perdanan and Mirabad. In each region, in three elevation classes, transects with 100 meters’ intervals, and in each elevation class, 30 individuals of Quercus infectoria Olivier, which were located along the specific transect and in terms of appearance approximately similar, measured. In each tree, four branches were selected in four main directions (each direction of a length of 50 cm) and the pest larvae counted and the diameter of the branches were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software and comparison of means was performed using Duncan's multiple range test. Results showed that according to the climatic diversity of two regions, the number of T. viridana larvae in the Perdanan was higher than Mirabad. Also, the number of larvae was recorded for both areas in the 1200-1300 meters’ elevation, which shows that the favorable conditions for larvae activity. The elevation class had no effect on distribution of pest in directions of the tree crown. The highest number of larvae in all three elevation classes was recorded in the eastern direction of the tree and its lowest amount were recorded in the west direction.

The quality of the extracted features from a long-term sequence of raw prices of the instruments greatly affects the performance of the trading rules learned by machine learning models. Employing a neural encoder-decoder structure to extract informative features from complex input time-series has proved very effective in other popular tasks like neural machine translation and video captioning. In this paper, a novel end-to-end model based on the neural encoder-decoder framework combined with deep reinforcement learning is proposed to learn single instrument trading strategies from a long sequence of raw prices of the instrument. In addition, the effects of different structures for the encoder and various forms of the input sequences on the performance of the learned strategies are investigated. Experimental results showed that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art models in highly dynamic environments.

Nowadays, paying attention to a resilient society in crisis management and risk reduction and disaster management is an inevitable necessity especially in areas prone to disasters and crises. In this regard, the present study has been written with the aim of identifying the influential socio-economic components of resilience in informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose, survey in terms of implementation method and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the study was residents of informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis (More than 400,000 people) and administrators, officials, and academic elites which have been the sample size of residents is estimated at 383 according to the Cochran method and the sample size of managers and officials is estimated at 100 based on the Delphi method. Also have been used for data analysis T-test, regression, and structural equation modeling. The research findings indicate that the economic and social characteristics of individuals have a significant impact on individual and social resilience in informal settlements, which has the greatest impact on economic indicators related to the variables of employment status, income and housing ownership with coefficients of 0.69, 0.67 and 0.62, and among the social indicators, the highest impact is related to the variables of the level of education and the sense of spatial belonging to the neighborhood with the coefficients of 0.54 and 0.42, respectively. Also, in socio-economic structures, the most effective on the formation of informal settlements, the existence of communication bases between people and responsible organizations to accelerate the quality of responding to needs in times of crisis and appropriate credits of banks and local government institutions to restore the situation before the crisis, that their T-test statistics are 12.44 and 11.32, respectively.

This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the professionalism of human resources management in the Ministry of Industry, Mines, and Trade.

A survey method was selected to collect data. We asked the managers of the Ministry of Industry, Mines, and Trade to answer the questionnaire. The statistical population included 165 vice presidents and heads of the Ministry of Mining Industry and Trade, who were selected by simple random sampling. The measurement tool was a Delphi questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaires. Reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity of the data were tested. The relationship between the investigated variables was tested based on a causal structure with the partial least squares technique, and then the Goodness of fit (GOF) index was calculated.

The coefficient of determination of the endogenous structures of the research model was desirable. Moreover, the coefficient of determination of merit-oriented and health-oriented ministry creation was reported as 0.527 and 0.707, which were acceptable values. Also, cross-validity redundancy and commonality were obtained in the range of 0.15 to 0.35≥.

The predictive power of the research constructs is estimated as a medium to strong.

The present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a professional human resource management model in the public administration sector.

It is practical in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of data collection method. It has been done with a qualitative approach. The participants were academic experts in the field of human resource management and knowledgeable and experienced managers in the public sector who were selected by snowball sampling. The research tool was semi-structured in-depth interviews and the interviews reached theoretical saturation up to 15 cases. The qualitative validity of the data was done using experts' opinions, and the Kappa index was used to measure reliability. To analyze the data, open, central and selective triple coding method based on data base theory was used.

The results showed that individual capacities and organizational-functional factors as causal conditions; organizational-institutional factors as background conditions; Extra-organizational factors as intervening conditions; The regeneration of human resources and the governance and legitimization of human resources as strategies and the promotion of health and organizational excellence and rising human resources are the consequences of the professionalism of human resource management in the public sector. Also, the central category of the research was the professionalism of human resources management, which includes the two categories of high-level human resources management and professional human resources management, and it includes other categories in terms of comprehensiveness and abstractness.

According to the model presented in the current research, government organizations should move in the direction of creating the necessary grounds for the realization of professionalism in the organization, and by following the determined measures and strategies, while considering the existing platforms, the positive results obtained from the professionalism of human resources management in organization to achieve.

Urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated approach and action in the form of providing a strategic, integrated and flexible framework for developing and solving urban problems. Meanwhile, one of the ongoing problems of human settlements is biological hazards and epidemics such as malaria, influenza and coronavirus (Covid virus 19) that pose many challenges to different parts of the world, especially cities has constructed in various economic, social, psychological, environmental and other dimensions. Therefore, there is a need for a framework for planning and regenerating approaches to future cities in order to deal with such risks. For this purpose, the present study has been written with the aim of developing applied knowledge in order to develop a framework and model for sustainable urban regeneration of Tabriz in the post-Corona era. Therefore, the research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-developmental nature in order to analyze the information using the structural equation modeling technique in Amos software. The statistical population of the present study also includes managers, officials and experts on urban issues as well as academic elites. Due to the uncertainty of the statistical population, Cohen's formula at 95% confidence level was used to determine the sample size and the statistical sample size was estimated at 200 people. Findings indicate that the greatest impact on the realization of sustainable urban regeneration of Tabriz in the post-corona era is related to management factors and variables, urban development plans, socio-economic, transportation and urban design with a value of 0.79, 0.66, 0.61, 0.54 and 0.42, respectively. Also, the results show that in the management dimension, there is coordination between the centers for making key and basic decisions, in the dimension of urban development plans, targeted recognition of issues and flexibility in programs with a future research approach, in the dimension of urban design, allocating more space to pedestrian areas, cycling and green spaces, in terms of transportation, emphasis on green transportation and in the socio-economic dimension, diversity in the economic structure of the city is basic principles of Tabriz metropolis regeneration plans in order to achieve sustainability in the post-corona era.

The purpose of this research is designing a model of human resources foresight in the oil industry with a dynamic capabilities approach.‌ This research from the perspective of purpose is part of exploratory research and the method of performing the work qualitatively.‌ Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data and the research strategy of the grounded theory with a systematic approach and open,‌ pivotal and selective coding was used for analysis.‌ The statistical population of the study,‌ according to the theoretical saturation of the data,‌ was 15 managers,‌ deputies and heads of human resources groups of the National Iranian Oil Company.‌ To measure the reliability of the interviews,‌ the reliability method was used between the two coders and to ensure the validity of the research,‌ the matching method was used by the members.‌ The research results show the extraction of 114 open codes,‌ 41 axial codes and 23 selected codes in the form of a paradigm model.

This study aimed to provide a professional model of human resource management for the Ministry of Industry, Mines, and Trade in the period of 2017-2020. This research is applied-exploratory in terms of purpose and is a descriptive survey in terms of the method with a mixed-mode approach. The research statistical population consists of human resource management experts of the Ministry of Industry, Mines, and Trade in this field. In this research, the snowball sampling method was used and the data collection tool was interview and questionnaire. The grounded theory technique was used to analyze the collected qualitative data and the fuzzy Delphi technique was used in a quantitative part. In the suggested model, individual capacities and organizational-functional factors (recruitment and employment of professionals, training and improvement, performance appraisal, and compensation of services) were found as causal conditions; general and institutional organizational factors including strategic factors, structure, culture resources, and infrastructure as the governing platform; trans-organizational factors as intervening conditions; recreating the role of human resources and governing and legitimizing human resources as model actions and interactions and ultimately creating a competent and health-oriented ministry at the organizational level and growing human resources at the individual level are the implications of this model.

The physical growth of cities along with the rapid growth of urban population and the inability of city managers to meet the needs of this population - which is due to unpreparedness to face this situation - is the starting point for various inequalities. The existence of these inequalities has led to the formation of informal settlements. Pakdasht is one of the satellite cities of Tehran due to its proximity to Tehran, low housing prices and the presence of industrial towns around it as an immigrant hub of the metropolis of Tehran and other immigrants in the country, which has accommodated countless poor rural immigrants. And has led to adverse consequences such as rising unemployment, inadequacies in providing services to the growing population, increasing anomalies and poverty. In this research, with accurate knowledge of informal settlements in Pakdasht, practical strategies in this field are presented. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze quantitative indicators in informal settlements of Pakdasht, identify the harms of urban management and its impact on the formation and growth of informal settlements, evaluate the resources and capabilities of urban management and finally provide urban management strategies to empower and organize these settlements. . Then the order of imitation, irreplaceability, value and scarcity of the study area is explained. In this regard, an attempt has been made to answer the following question. What are the management strategies for informal settlements in Pakdasht?

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The collection of information and data was in the form of documents-libraries. In such a way that the studies related to the theoretical foundations of the documentary method and the data related to the findings, the questionnaire tool has been used. The statistical population of the study is a group of experts from which 30 people who were familiar with the environment and the subject and have studied in this regard were selected by available means. The criterion for selecting this number was theoretical saturation. The data analysis method was Meta - SWOT method.

All inputs of this study are based on objectives such as reducing the vulnerability of informal settlements in Pakdasht, managing informal settlements with high priority, and providing optimal strategies with medium priority. In the next step, key factors such as correlation between physical, social and security indicators, responsibility of residents and officials in maintaining urban spaces, financial management system in informal settlements, public participation, social cohesion for the success of urban management in informal settlements were identified. Then, it was determined what is the situation of urban development management factors in Pakdasht city in terms of the proposed indicators compared to the city under study. Five levels of much lower, lower, almost equal, higher and much higher were used to make these comparisons. In this regard, 5 informal settlements of Enghelab town, Hesar Amir, Vosat alley, Zeinabieh and west of Ustad Shahriyar were compared. Urban management injuries have been identified for informal settlements in Pakdasht. Due to the non-uniform weight of the identified targets, based on the opinions of experts and specialists in the field of pathology of informal settlements, they were prioritized based on the importance at three levels (high, medium and low). Finally, effective environmental factors outside the control of urban management were identified. These factors include the large volume of passing traffic and heavy vehicles, the lack of serious urban services, economic poverty, unemployment, the existence of informal economic activities, the fragmentation of urban society, the existence of various subcultures and cultural and social backwardness and illiteracy, marginalized face and functions. City, urban burnout, acceleration of growth in the absence of a targeted program, polarization of Pakdasht urban society and rising housing prices and the cost of living. Based on these factors, the strategic fit and the fit of resources and capabilities with the goals of urban management was done. Finally, according to the decisions and output of the software, a strategic map was drawn.

Since informal settlement is ultimately a local issue, the municipality, as a non-governmental institution and the highest and most important source of urban management, will play a major role in the process of presenting strategies and empowering informal settlements. Therefore, municipalities should take different initiatives from the past to make the best use of the participation and internal resources of these communities. The presence of more than 20% of the population of Pakdasht city in informal areas and its rapid growth is a warning to the officials and their serious concern for this issue. Addressing the current difficulties of these neighborhoods at the same time as anticipating future problems arising from their growth is essential, which requires special and comprehensive measures, different from the current routine. These measures, due to their nature, on the one hand must be done in an integrated and multidisciplinary manner in the physical environment, and on the other hand must be accompanied by physical measures and even before them, socio-economic programs for these communities. Such a comprehensive and all-out solution requires the alignment and cooperation of the relevant agencies. In connection with dealing with informal settlement, various policies and strategies from acceptance and recognition to their cleansing and destruction have been experienced, and in recent years in various countries, including our country, the solution of empowerment, institutionalization has been considered.

Nowadays, tourism, as one of the most dynamic industries in the world, it occupies an important part of the economic and productive activities of developed and developing countries. Therefore, strategic planning in order to form and develop tourism in its various types, has been proposed as a basic strategy in spatial planning projects of many countries. Given the importance of the issue, the aim of the present study is providing a model for the development of health tourism with futures studies approach in Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the present study is mixed and combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches with the nature of a futures studies, which has been used in order to collect information, from the Delphi technique of elites and city managers (20 experts in the field of tourism) and for the purpose of data analysis, cross-effects analysis technique in MICMAC software. The results indicate that the future development of health tourism in the Tabriz metropolis will be strongly influenced by the privatization of health tourism services; create harmony and integration between relevant agencies in health tourism; and evaluation of the current treatment status (potentials, facilities and shortcomings). Also, the results of stability/instability evaluation of the system and the drivers affecting the development of health tourism in Tabriz metropolis indicate that the system and drivers are invariable and stable and in most criteria need to be upgraded, and some criteria need to change procedure and strategic planning in various social dimensions, institutional-managerial capacity building, coherence of coherent laws and privatization of health tourism services are felt with the support and supervision of government agencies in order to achieve sustainable development of health tourism.

The mosque as the first and most important social institution of Muslims has many duties and functions, in addition to the most important function of worship, there are educational, social and cultural activities in it. Due to the supply of various religious and social functions and activities, the mosque has the ability to strengthen social interactions and expand the functional networks and increase social capacities. The purpose of this research is investigating the role of mosques in the social sustainability of the Qaen city. In this research, the role of the mosque in relation to social sustainability from the standpoint of justice, participation, awareness and social solidarity, and quality of life has been investigated. The overall research approach is a type of quantitative research, and in terms of data collection method, is based on library and field data. In order to distribute the questionnaire, a sample of 100 people was examined. A simple random sampling method has used to distributing the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics indices such as frequency distribution and inferential statistical tests such as single sample T-test, Chi-square and Friedman. In general, the results indicate that the mosques in Qaen city have promoted quality of life, have improved justice, and have increased participation among the people. Also, the results showed that the mosques in Qaen city did not affect the promotion of public awareness and social solidarity.

Urbanization is one of the consequences of the industrial revolution, which changed the development process and led to the expansion of migration to the city. One of the main results of the expansion of urbanization in recent decades is land use change in cities and their uneven growth, which has made managing urban growth one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. The present study evaluated the changes in the lands of Torbat-e Jam city during the years 2000 to 2019 and then predicts these changes until 1420 AH. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Landsat images, sensors, ETMs of 2000 and 2010 and OLI sensors of 2019 have been used to collect data in this study. After classifying the images, in order to find out the changes in the land use of Torbat-e Jam city and to predict the changes until 1420, the Markov and CA chain model has been used. The results obtained in the period of 2000, 2010 and 2019 show that the area of ​​all land uses in the study area except barren land use has been increasing. Also, the forecast of the four floors of land cover, including urban lands, agriculture, barren and green space and gardens in the city of Tor bat-e Jam on the horizon of 1404, shows that the land use of the city will increase at the horizon of 1420, so that this land use will change by 192.13%. Agricultural land use will have a decreasing trend with 71.05% and green space and gardens with 53.32% and barren land use area will have an increasing trend change with 100.87%. Finally, with the Vision Development Index, the type of urban growth was determined. Also, according to this index, the growth type of Tor bat-e Jam city is of the edge type.

The present research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of its purpose. Data needed for research were collected by means of documentation (library, magazines) and field materials using a questionnaire. Using the Cochran formula, the sample size of the population was estimated at 383 people and the data were obtained using spatial analysis ArcGIS and SPSS software have been analyzed. In order to analyze the distribution of urban services, the index of access to urban services has been used, which is derived from land use plans of Mashhad city and municipal information and obtained from network analysis (ANP) and spatial statistics tests. Also, to assess the satisfaction of citizens from the distribution of urban services through a questionnaire and using one-sample T-test in spss software. Also, Gray Gray Analysis (GRA) method has been used for ranking the neighborhoods of the District 11 of Mashhad in terms of social justice. The final indicator of the distribution of urban services indicates the favorable distribution of urban services in the Daneshjo, sharif, Tarbiat, farhang, and parts of Azadshahr and Faroghottahsilan. As well as the neighborhoods of Ziba shahr, Shahid Razavi and parts of Faroghottahsilan and Azad shahr, they are in a disadvantaged position in terms of the distribution of urban services. Also, based on spatial self-correlation test, the pattern of indicators in the study area has spatial self-correlation and cluster pattern. The analysis of the distribution pattern of urban services in the District 11 of Mashhad using J statistics shows that the distribution of urban services in the study area has a high concentration of cluster patterns. Based on the analysis of the gray-matter analysis of daneshjo, Azad Shahr, farhang and Sharif neighborhoods, they have high levels of social justice, and other neighborhoods are ranked respectively. In the following, the results of t test indicate that among the neighborhoods, Daneshjo, Sharif, farhang, Tarbiat and Azad Shahr neighborhoods had the highest satisfaction with urban services. The neighborhood of Zibashahr has had the least satisfaction with the distribution of urban services. The results of all the models used in the paper are highly consistent and consistent.

The present study is descriptive-analytical and for the purpose of application. The main objective of the present research is to develop a combination of quality of life indicators for neighborhoods in District 2 of Mashhad. The required information was obtained from the municipality of Mashhad and the questionnaire was used. According to the population of Region 2 in 1395, which is 513365 people, according to the Cochran formula, 383 questionnaires were arranged. The questionnaire was completed after the preparation and implementation of experts' opinions by referring at the level of the studied sites. The required criteria were prepared and standardized in the form of spatial information in the GIS environment. Economic, social and access areas were selected as the main criteria for research and were identified for each of the following criteria. Subsequently, using spatial analysis and multi-criteria decision making model (ANP), the final quality of life index was derived from the integration of indicators. The results indicate a good quality of life in the central neighborhoods, and there are no marginal areas of desirable quality. It also increases the level of quality of life in the vicinity of the recreational centers and follows the spatial patterns. Part of the margin of the agent's neighborhoods, the martyr Basir and Hedayat, which are the marginal areas of the study area, are not in the best of all three territories; and other neighborhoods due to easy access to public services, including health services, training, and facility focus Modern welfare has a better quality of life than other neighborhoods, of which 11675700 square meters, which is equivalent to 30 percent of the area of ​​the study area, has a very good quality of life. Also, sites that are very low in terms of economic and social indicators are moderate in terms of access. In the following, the results of spatial statistics tests (spatial spatial correlation and J statistics) indicate the distribution of the cluster model of quality of life. In other words, quality of life indicators do not have the same spatial distribution in the study area.

ach form of urban development has its own characteristics and disadvantages or advantages. But the common denominator of all these development patterns has been responding to the growing development of cities and preventing irregular growth. In recent years, with the emergence of new ideas in various political, economic and environmental sciences, the growth and development of cities has become intelligently considered. Internal development is an essential part of smart urban development. Internal urban development policy is one of the three urban development policies that, along with other urban development policies; Connected or continuous development or separate or discontinuous urban development policy is proposed. In parallel with the horizontal growth of the city towards the suburbs and the destruction of lands and natural environment around the city, some spaces inside the city have been abandoned and have been left out of the development process. These abandoned spaces, called "infill-level" spaces, are important because they are located in cities, have underground or day-to-day facilities or equipment, and have access to such service centers and facilities. For example, in many of the old cities of Iran, the core of the city, which is considered in the form of historical and valuable worn-out texture, has such potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of infill development strategy on the components of vitality and social desirability in the worn-out tissue of Zanjan city. 

This research project in nature is an applied investigation and based on methodology is considered attributive- analytical project. Also using GIS techniques and FUZZY-AHP model required maps was provided and in each map Zanjan city’s deteriorated areas infill development specified and in final map under studying area’s internal development characterized as low, average and high developed areas. The questionnaire was used to measure the variables of vitality and social desirability. The sample size is 382 questionnaires that have been selected from the statistical population of worn-out tissue of Zanjan city using Cochran's formula. The research findings show that infill development has a positive effect on promoting vitality and social desirability in worn-out tissues, and there is a significant relationship between infill development with vitality and social desirability variables. Therefore, it can be said that vitality and social desirability are significantly different from infill development (less, medium, high). 

17 items have been selected to measure vitality, and according to descriptive statistics, vitality in the range will increase with increasing level of infill development. The rate of vitality score in neighborhoods with low intermediate growth development is 46.77, in neighborhoods with medium infill development is 52.63 and in neighborhoods with high infill development is 53.82. Also, each of the vivacity items is examined separately. The score of each of the items is between 1 and 6. To measure the level of social desirability, 14 items have been selected. The level of social desirability is improved according to the increase in the rate of infill development, and according to the average score of the social desirability variable, this can be realized. The rate of social desirability score in neighborhoods with low infill development is 44.98, in neighborhoods with medium infill development is 50.66 and in neighborhoods with high infill development is 52.12.

In studies of infill development, the potentials of different urban neighborhoods have been examined using the principles of infill development and its relationship with other variables has not been investigated. However, in this study, the relationship between infill development and the variables of vitality and social desirability in the worn-out context of Zanjan city has been investigated, which is a new discussion. This can determine the benefits of infill development. The findings show that the higher the infill development of neighborhoods, the higher the level of vitality and social utility. In the dilapidated context of Zanjan, neighborhoods with high infill development (neighborhoods above Imam Street) are in a better position in terms of quality of life and social acceptance than neighborhoods with low level of infill development (neighborhoods around the Husseinieh Azam Zanjan). Therefore, it can be said that the higher the level of infill development, the better the security, the beauty of urban spaces, the diversity of activities, the physical diversity, the presence of women in the place, the compatible uses, the vitality of the citizens, and so on.

The vitality is one of the main criteria for cities with high quality planning and design. Lively urban environments create social interactions, increase social capital and place attachment. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between urban vitality and Place attachment in Qaen city. This study is a survey research and data collection tool is a questionnaire. The sample size is 382 citizens of Qaen city, which is calculated using the Cochran formula. Independent variables of this research are urban vitality indicators (access, social dynamics, economic vitality, urban security, street design, furniture, urban spaces lighting, urban landscape, and readability) and dependent variable, is sense of place attachment. For analysis of the relationship between variables, the k-Nearest Neighbors model (K-NN) and Randomized Forest Algorithm (RF)have been used. The vitality indicator consists of 28 items, that averages of 17 items are not at the appropriate level and 11 of them are at acceptable level. In general, the urban vitality is low in Qaen city. Also, the mean of the sense of place is at a moderate level. According to the output of the models, the K nearest neighbor method provides better results than the random forest model. K-NN model simulated impact of   vitality on   place attachment with a correlation coefficient of 0.82 and an error level of 0.66 and a risk of estimating of 0.435. Therefore, this model can correctly simulate place attachment in 57% of cases. Based on the model generated by the random forest algorithm, the access variable has the most and legibility has the least effect on the sense of place attachment in the city of Qaen. Extended Abstract

         Vitality as a component of the overall quality of urban design of an environment can affect the location Belong and Improve the social health of citizens Hence the need to enhance the vitality of urban spaces and urban neighborhoods emerge as one of the paradigms in urban planning. The ultimate goal of urban planning is to provide suitable living conditions in the city and urban residential environments that are closely related to the concept of vitality and livability of the city. A city where people live should be inviting and create a passionate environment. In the cities of Iran, the component of vitality has not received much attention. Influenced by the dominance meaningless without regard to the background and nature of traditional neighborhoods, the conquest of material factors over the spiritual, and the dominance of machines over humans. And used at the same level as urban divisions. The continuation of such a trend has made the civic life of neighborhoods and urban spaces lack vitality. At the same time, the physical spaces of neighborhoods in Iranian historical cities were influenced by various factors, including cultural, social, natural, and so on. Increasing urban vitality, on the one hand, makes the population living in a city more willing to stay, and on the other, it also attracts a population that intends to migrate to the metropolitan areas of the country. In this research, we try to study the relationship between the vitality of urban spaces and the sense of belonging of citizens to the city of Qaen. The importance of this research is that location belongs to an important role in the development of any city; On the other hand, location affiliation reduces migration from one region to another. This is largely felt in the South Khorasan region. The increase in location Belong is influenced by various factors, one of which is urban vitality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to model the relationship between urban vitality and sense of belonging using k-nearest distance and random forest algorithm in Qaen.

        The research method is applied in terms of descriptive-analytic nature and the method of data collection is library and field method. The population of the study is the population of Qaen with about 42323 populations (according to the year 1395). The sample size is based on Cochran method of 382 persons and the sampling method is simple random. This study investigates the relationship between vitality index and sense of belonging. The vitality index includes variables such as accessibility, social dynamics, economic vitality, urban security, passage design, furniture, urban lighting, urban landscape and readability. In this study variables of vitality index are considered as independent variables and sense of belonging as dependent variable. In this study, K-nearest neighbor and random forest were used to model the independent variables of urban vitality and the dependent variable of sense of belonging.

         Among the variables related to the urban vitality index, urban access had the highest score and urban furniture had the lowest score. The sense of belonging in the city of Qaen is at a moderate level, with only "this is where I want it" somewhat lower. Thus, the level of satisfaction of the citizens of Cain is at a moderate level, and none of the sense of belonging is at a very high level. In this study, two methods of K nearest neighbor and random forest were used to model the independent variable (urban vitality) and the dependent variable (sense of belonging). Performance evaluation of the K-NN model shows that the model simulated the sense of belonging with a correlation coefficient of 0.82 with a 0.66 error rate and a risk estimate of 0.435. Therefore, this model was able to correctly simulate the sense of belonging in 66% of cases. Evaluation of other statistical indices shows that this model overall simulates the sense of belonging less than the observed value. That is, the model shows a negative bias. But this bias is not much to distort the model's results. As such, the mean and standard deviation of the sense-of-belonging variable simulated by the model have very little difference with the observed values of these two statistical indicators. Evaluation of model validation criteria shows that with 200 trees in addition, the best results are obtained with the least modeling error but also the error rate is stable and achieves a consistent trend. As this model was able to accurately simulate the sense of belonging based on independent variables with error of 0.82, 0.68 in 32% of cases. Important in this modeling process is the negligible bias. t is noteworthy that with respect to residual mass factor (CRM), although the model overall has a negligible bias, the simulation values are more than the observed values. But fitting the observed and simulated sense of belonging values and comparing the mean and standard deviation of these two data sets show that the random forest model failed to estimate the upper and lower values of the sense of belonging variable with a slight error, as in the K-NN model. In general, the K-NN model exhibits much higher flexibility than the RF model in simulating the sense of belonging. According to the outputs of the models, the K-nearest neighbor method had better results than the random forest model. The performance of the K-NN model show that the model simulated the sense of belonging with a correlation coefficient of 0.82 with an error rate of 0.66 and an estimated risk of 0.3535. Therefore, this model was able to correctly simulate the sense of belonging in 66% of cases.

          According to the model created by random forest algorithm respectively accessibility variables, social dynamics, economic vitality, urban security, passage design, furniture, urban spaces lighting, urban landscape and readability have the most to least effect on sense of belonging in Qaen city. The reason that accessibility variables have the most impact on sense of belonging is due to the existence of proper passageways in the city of Qaen, and some variables such as simplicity and urban landscape and readability that have the least impact on sense of belonging are due to their weakness in the city. The vitality index consists of 28 items with an average of 17 not good and 11 items are acceptable. Also, the sense of belonging is at a moderate level. One of the reasons for the weakness of urban vitality in Qaen is the weak economy of the city. This is also due to the lack of appropriate potentials for private sector investment.