احمد صادقی

The present study compares the reasons for cohabitation in couples with and without children with ten years of cohabitation. The sample size of the research includes 38 people (15 men and 18 women), which was done based on the targeted sampling method among couples with children and without children who have been married for more than ten years in some areas of Mashhad, despite the lack of satisfaction with married life, they have been stable in their marriage. The method of collecting information is the interview. The thematic analysis method was used with the help of MAXQDA software to analyze information and data. The results showed that managerial, economic factors, responsibility, collective pressures, communication skills, and marital quality are the reasons for the stability of life in couples with and without children, and having children has led to the mention of different reasons for the continuity and stability of the joint life. It means that the couples mentioned different sub-components in the subset of the main reasons for the stability of their life together.

Since society is among the contingent entities, its existence is dependent on Necessary Existence. God, as the agent and creator of the contingent world, grants the existence of society through human wills and actions, in such a way that the existence of society cannot be reconciled with its non-existence. The divine traditions that we can know through the revealed and rational structures are the basis of our existence and all other realities. Just as realism is the precondition of our existence and all scientific and rational theories, divine traditions also -with the same extent and with the same breadth- provide the basis for our individual and social lives. Accordingly, society is a collection of divine traditions and its emergence requires collective action. Divine traditions, as the constitutive principles, play a causal role in the existence and survival of society. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method, also deals with some consequences of this understanding of society, the most important of which are: the centrality of human primordial nature in perceiving divine traditions and formation of society, reverse predication in predicating tradition upon society, the necessity of immateriality of society, rejecting relativism, and preserving human volition and responsibility.

One of the most important tasks of medical science universities is the training of qualified and specialized human resources to acquire the necessary skills and efficiency to meet the needs of society. Apprenticeship training is considered a serious issue in education; therefore, examining the current situation, identifying the problems in the trainee training and taking measures to rectify and correct them will lead to the achievement of learning objectives and the improvement of the quality of health services. The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of the clinical clerkship from the perspective of Esfarayen medical students.

This quantitative-qualitative study was conducted with 163 public health, nursing and emergency medicine students. In the quantitative phase, a standard questionnaire was used to assess check the status of the students' internships. The qualitative phase was also conducted with the aim of determining identifying the challenges in internships from the students' perspective through individual interviews and targeted group discussions.

The educational level of the internship was rated as relatively good with a standard average of 3.47. Although the academic situation of the students' internship was relatively good during the COVID-19 epidemic, there were always challenges in the course of the internship. In the individual interviews and group discussions, the challenges were identified in the form of 6 main codes (challenges related to the instructor, the students, the internship environment, the staff, the training programsand the clients) and 20 sub-codes.

Despite the relatively good condition of the clinical clerkship in a quantitative evaluation, these courses showed problems in a qualitative evaluation, such as insufficient experience and motivation of some professors and instructors, psychological problems of students, lack of educational facilities, weak interaction and participation of some staff, insufficient transparency of the training program, and lack of trust of patients in students. It is suggested to solve the challenges identified in this study to improve the quality and quantity of internship courses.

This study was developed with the aim of prioritizing cultural criteria of social approval and respect among the citizens of Quchan with a grounded strategy. Ten citizens of Quchan were selected by theoretical sampling method using snowball technique. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview and the measurement tool was statistical software maxqda 1.18. First, the most important criteria of social respect and approval were determined and then prioritized. In this regard, the criteria of "morality, honesty, money, justice and pretense" are among the criteria with the priority of social respect and "family, money. "Wealthy, honesty, benevolence, morality and mutual respect" were among the priorities of approval, respectively. In selective coding, the main phenomenon or category was "social respect and approval, in order to ensure individual benefit regardless of existing ideals." In the final model, 406 open source, 88 categories (1) and 11 categories (2) and 6 categories (3) as conditions (causal, contextual and intervention, strategic, consequential and main phenomenon) are among those surrounding the exploratory phenomenon. Was obtained. The results showed that the culture of Quchani citizens is semi-traditional and is in transition to modern society, and still the original indigenous criteria are considered as priorities of respect and social approval effective in social relations.

Academic success and satisfaction is one of the most important variables that can be considered as a serious indicator among students, and through them, the future foundations of students' education can be monitored and examined through them. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Savickas academic-career plan training on academic success and satisfaction among university students with academic burnout.

The current research method was semi-experimental study which conducted with a pre-test and post-test design along with a control group with a follow-up period. The statistical population included all the students of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch who referred to the university counseling center in 2020. From them, 30 student were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned in the experimental group (15 people) and control group (15 people). The data were collected using Welles's Academic Success Questionnaire (2010) and Ahmadi's Academic Satisfaction Questionnaire (2010) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. Savickas academic-career plan training protocol was performed in 8 sessions (one session per week) for 75 minutes. To analyze the data, repeated measure analysis of variance Bonferroni's post hoc test with SPSS.26 software were used.

The results indicated that Savickas academic-career plan training was effective in enhancement of academic success and satisfaction of university students with academic burnout (P=0.001), and this effectiveness was permanent until the follow-up period (P=0.05).

According to the results of the research, we can draw a conclusion that Savickas academic-career plan training is effective on increase of academic success and satisfaction of university students with academic burnout, therefore this training can be used for university students in university counseling centers.

Emotional intelligence defined as the ability to express and manage emotions appropriately, as well as to show respect for others' feelings- is a set of skills that children can learn at any age. The main purposes of the present study were to develop the Emotional Intelligence scale for 4-to-6-year-old children in Isfahan, as well as to assess the psychometric properties of the scale.

This research was carried out using the descriptive-survey method. The statistical population was cconsisted of all 4-to-6-year-old preschool children in Isfahan in 2016, with 530 (265 girls, 265 boys) selected as the study sample using a quota sampling method. The convergent validity was assessed using Mardiha's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2014) and the newly developed  Emotional Intelligence scale for Four-to-Six-year-Old Children. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 and LISREL-8.5 which yielded correlation coefficient, heuristic, and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, the content validity of this scale was confirmed by 5 psychology experts

The findings from factor analysis indicated that the eigenvalues for the five factors, i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptation, stress management, and general mood, exceeded 1; therefore, they could explain 44.211% of the items' variance. The results also showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.95 for the whole scale (it was more than 0.7 for each factor).

It can be concluded that the 32-item emotional intelligence scale for 4-to-6-year-old children is a suitable instrument to be used in different areas of psychology, education, and training.

Agricultural Education Network is the educational network based on the website of the Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, to improve the level of knowledge and job skills and professional behavior of agricultural stakeholders. The multiplicity of effective factors and variables in e-learning makes it necessary to pay attention to the quality of educational services in this system. Accordingly, the main purpose of this survey research was to analyzing components of service quality model of agricultural education network (SHAK) as perceived by learners. Statistical population of the study consisted of learners (N= 19310), out of whom 388 people determined as sample using Cochran's formula and stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire; validity of questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts and construct validity (AVE≥0.96). Reliability of the questionnaire was approved by calculating the Ordinal Theta (θ≥0.93) and composite reliability (CR≥0.87). The collected data were analyzed by SPSSwin22 and LISREL software. The overall ranking of the SHAK service quality components showed that from the point of view of learners, the "educator" and "content" components were in the highest ranks and "planning and implementation" and "infrastructure - support" components were in the lowest ranks. Additionally, the results of the confirmatory factors analysis illustrated that the service quality model of the agricultural education network has six main components including: infrastructural-support, planning and implementation, content, educator, learners and results. Accordingly, it is recommended to improve the SHAK service quality through: improving the notification of courses, system upgrade, planning, adapt courses to the needs of the learners, updating the content, improving teaching skills and motivating learners.

One of the most critical concerns of planners is coordination and compatibility between the educational system's outputs and the labor market's needs. Higher education's quantitative and qualitative development should follow the predetermined goals to benefit as much as possible from graduates' abilities. Educational planning should provide the specialized needs of the labor market as well as prevent unemployment and waste of graduate abilities. Compatibility between job needs and quantitative and qualitative development of higher education plays a key role in getting stable jobs by agricultural graduates.Therefore, universities and agricultural higher education centers should implement educational programs in accordance with the changes, transformations, and challenges in the agricultural sector. In this article, the estimation of educated manpower needed in the fields of mechanization and agricultural machinery with a qualitative and narrative type of view and with an analytical method was discussed. This research is applied in terms of scope and descriptive study regarding the execution method. The estimation of the required manpower in the mentioned disciplines using the ratio density model by developing a focus group consisting of 10 agricultural education experts. The focus group included participants with common traits/experiences from the universities of Tehran, Azad Islamic Tehran Science and Research Unit, Agricultural Mechanization Development Center, Agricultural Engineering Technical Research Institute, Agricultural Engineering and Natural Resources Organization, and Agricultural and Industrial Machinery Union.

Predicting stock prices is complicated; various components, such as the general state of the economy, political events, and investor expectations, affect the stock market. The stock market is in fact a chaotic nonlinear system that depends on various political, economic and psychological factors. To overcome the limitations of traditional analysis techniques in predicting nonlinear patterns, experts over the last two decades have used intelligent techniques, especially networking. They have used artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms to improve stock price forecasting. This study, considering the increasing development of forecasting methods in financial markets and also, since stock price is one of the most important factors influencing investment decisions and its forecasting can play an important role in this field, In this research, an attempt has been made to provide a model based on which the movement of the stock price can be predicted with high accuracy. Accordingly, a hybrid model for predicting stock price movement using artificial neural network is presented. For the statistical sample, the top companies of the stock exchange in the second quarter of 1399 have been selected. Then for each purpose, 32 variables were calculated. These variables are the input of the model and are optimized using the artificial neural network algorithm. The results show that the model performs much better in predicting the movement of stock prices and has a higher accuracy compared to traditional methods.

Given the fact that one of the main limitations of growth and development of Iran's agriculture sector is 'capital', this study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the facilities granted to projects to improve and increase the livestock and poultry production in Razavi Khorasan province of Iran. For this purpose, the concerned criteria were identified by Delphi technique and using the structural equation technique, the impact of effective factors on the effectiveness of the facilities granted to the projects was measured. The combined index of the effectiveness of the facilities granted to the plans for improving and increasing livestock and poultry productions were almost moderate, estimating 48.9 and 47.3 percent, respectively. Among the effectiveness indicators of the facilities granted to the plan to improve and increase livestock production, the indicators of 'improving milk quality', 'increasing conversion ratio and added value of milk production' and 'increasing conversion ratio and added value of red meat production' and among the effectiveness indicators of the facilities granted to the plan to improve and increase poultry production, the indicators of 'improving egg quality', 'increasing conversion ratio and value added of egg production' and 'increasing conversion ratio and value added of chicken meat production' had the least effectiveness. In general, the facilities granted to the beneficiaries of the above plan during the studied period in Razavi Khorasan province were not effective due to various factors such as unfavorable economic conditions in the period under review, changes in laws and regulations, frost, drought and finally, the lack of support and assistance of the banking system. Therefore, it was suggested to the authoriries of the agriculture sector to create a balance between the return and the interest rate of repayment, the assistance of the banks with the loss-bearing beneficiaries and especially, the development of agricultural insurance.

 One of the indicators influencing the academic success of students is their perception of academic self-efficacy. This study endeavored to investigate the effectiveness of Lent and Brown's social-cognitive therapy on the perception of academic self-efficacy and its sub-components among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

 The population for this semi-experimental study was all conditional students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, of which 60 students were selected by easy sampling method and were assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Lent and Brown social cognitive counseling and the control group received current counseling from the University Counseling Center. The instrument was the students' academic self-efficacy questionnaire. Inferential tests used in this research included one-way analysis of variance, independent t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

 In the experimental group after the intervention, the average score of self-efficacy changed from 92.5±14.3 to 96.9±13.8 and from 94.7±8.9 to 95.5±0.9 in the control group. The change in self-efficacy score in the social intelligence group was 4.4 vs. 0.7 in the control group. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the perception of academic self-efficacy as well as the two components of academic skill self-efficacy and academic performance self-efficacy. (p<0.05)

 According to the results of this study, it is suggested that counseling centers of medical sciences university’s use the effectiveness of Lent and Brown's social cognitive counseling method to counsel students with academic failure.

Adulteration in food products is regarded as a main challenge in food industry, which adversely affects food quality and health. Owing to pleasant taste and antioxidant properties, pomegranate paste is one of the most valuable and desirable foods in the people diets in some countries. As a luxury and expensive food, it is likely to be adulterated by some producers or distributors for the more profits. In this study development and application of machine olfaction system using array of gas sensors to detect adulteration in pomegranate paste was aimed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discrimination analysis (LDA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods were used to analyze response of the sensor arrays. Based on the results, PCA with two components PC1 and PC2 described 94% of total data variance. In LDA method, the classification accuracy of pomegranate paste samples was 97.65% which higher than PCA method. The values of correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean squared error (RSME) of neural network in ANN method using the structure of 6-9-7 were 0.984 and 0.0018 respectively. This study reveals that the electronic nose device can be used as a non-destructive tool to classify and detect adulteration of different classes of pomegranate paste.

The reduction of inequality in the utilization of resources and facilities of society is considered one of the most important criteria of development. The present study aimed to investigate equality in the distribution of human resources in the health sector in North Khorasan province (by the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve) in 2020.

This study was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical design. The study population included human resources in the health sector. Data were collected from the national portal of the Statistical Center of Iran and the population yearbook of the province using a researcher-made form. Data were analyzed in STATA (version 12) and DASP (version 2.2) software packages.

For every 10,000 people, 55.3 human resources were working in the health sector of North Khorasan province. Human health resources are distributed equally in this province. The Gini coefficient for all human health resources, except nurses and specialists, was less than 0.2, indicating complete equality in the distribution of resources. The lowest coefficient value was related to general practitioners (0.052), and the highest Gini coefficient pertained to specialized physicians (0.422), pointing to a relative inequality in the distribution of specialized physicians.

The removal of inequalities in human resources in the health sector in different regions can result in the promotion of equality in health outcomes. Therefore, it is suggested that policymakers and senior health system managers take effective measures to improve justice in access to human resources

In this regard, the aim of the present study is to Examining the relationship between social capital and sense of security of Afghan immigrant(Case study:Mashhad city)This research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative and survey in terms of the nature and method of research. The data needed for the research was collected by the document-questionnaire method.To measure the sense of security and social capital, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, The statistical population of the present study is all Afghan immigrants in the city of Mashhad(400 thousand)and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula with the maximum error rate (P and Q) equal to 0.5, 372 people. SPSS and SmartPLS softwares were used for statistical calculations for structural equations and variables.The structural dimension of social capital with a factor load of(0.581)shows the greatest effect on the sense of security of immigrants, and social capital in their case has been able to explain(0.459)of the variance of the sense of security.Also the results showed that the communication network was able to be significant with a factor load(0.582)in relation to the sense of security of Afghan citizens, and social participation was not significant in this regard.Finally the relationship dimension of social capital(social trust;social commitment)and the security of Afghan immigrants wasnot confirmed due to low impact.The amount of social capital and sense of security in the case of Afghan immigrants is higher than the expected average, and the share of capital has exceeded the amount of security.

Today, one of the main components that improves security and makes society healthy,peaceful and desirable is social capital.Therefore, knowing the amount of social capital of the members of a society and its role in explaining the level of feeling of social security and its components is of special importance.In this regard, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between social capital and the sense of security of Afghan immigrants in the Metropolitan peripheral Spaces of Mashhad.This research is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of research method.The data required for the research has been collected by documentary-field method.The statistical population of the present study is the number of Afghan immigrants in the city of Mashhad in2020-2021(400 thousand ),which was selected as a sample size of 372people using the Cochran formula.SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the examination of the fit of the measurement models in the amount of Cronbach's alpha coefficients and combined reliability for all variables (social capital and sense of security of Afghan immigrants) are more than0.7and the amount of extracted variance is more than0.5and it is acceptable and in the test of divergent validity, they have good divergent validity in all variables.The results of the structural models according to the values obtained from the coefficient of determination (structural capital with the highest value of 0.559 and cognitive capital with the lowest value of 0.209)show moderate direct relationships among the indicators.Other results showed that all weights of the combined external model are significant at the99%confidence level, except for the case of(intellectual security from the sense of security variable).Finally, in the analysis of the graphic path ofthe sense of security based on the dimensions of social capital(cognitive,communicative and structural),the structural dimension(0.581)shows the greatest effect.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a type of neurotic disorder that is included in the category of anxiety disorders, so it may affect the career development of individuals. Thus, the purpose of the study is to compare people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal people regarding their career development, career decision-making, and career identity. The research method was causal-comparative, and the study population included all the students of the University of Isfahan in the academic year 2015-2016. The sample was selected by random time sampling from the University of Isfahan students who had visited the counseling center. Then, the subjects were assessed by the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale, and we diagnosed 85 with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and 50 others were normal. The students in the sample responded to Career Development Inventory-Australia (Creed & Patton, 2004), My Vocational Situation Inventory (Holland et al., 1980), Career Indecision (Osipow et al., 1976), and Career Self-awareness (Kermani, 2011). The results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups, namely people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal people, regarding the variables of planning, discovery, self-awareness, and indecision (p<0.001) and the variable of decision-making (p<0.05). But the difference between the two groups regarding the career identity variable was insignificant. Obsessive-compulsive disorder plays a significant role in career development and career decision-making. Differential analysis showed that the research variables explain approximately 50% of the group membership variance. Therefore, focusing on these variables in job counseling for obsessive individuals is very important.

This article examines the mystical interpretations of Surah Al-Kahf and their impact on Islamic political philosophy. It begins with the introduction and analysis of Surah Al-Kahf and its stories, followed by an exploration of mystical interpretations of these stories. The stories of the Companions of the Cave, Moses and Khidr, and Dhul-Qarnayn are highlighted as the main focal points of mystical interpretations, with their spiritual and metaphysical concepts elaborated. The study also analyzes the influence of these interpretations on mystical thought and the fundamental principles of Islamic political philosophy. The findings indicate that mystical interpretations of Surah Al-Kahf can enhance the understanding of Quranic concepts and strengthen the notions of justice, freedom, and righteous governance in Islamic societies. Subsequent sections of the article explore contemporary interpretations of Surah Al-Kahf and their effects on Islamic political philosophy, providing critical analysis of modern interpretations and their role in shaping current political and social thoughts. Finally, the article offers suggestions for future research to leverage these interpretations for the enrichment of mystical thought and Islamic political philosophy.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of core self-evaluation as a mediator between personality and career adaptability among all University of Isfahan’s bachelor students who were in the last two years of their education.

The method applied was a correlational study analyzed by the structural equation modeling approach. Total of 401 participants were selected through stratified sampling (considering the gender and population of each field of study) among all University of Isfahan’s bachelor students who were in the last two years of their education. The Career adaptability scale (Savickas and Profeili, 2012), the core Self-evaluation scale (Judge & Durham, 2003), and the big five personality traits questionnaire (Mc-Crae & Costa, 2004) were applied to collect data.

Results indicated that core self-evaluation partially mediated the relationship between conscientiousness (p<0/001) and extraversion (p<0/001) with career adaptability. On the other hand, the relationship between career adaptability with openness to experience (p<0/05) and neuroticism (p<0/001) was indirect, and a direct relationship was noticed between career adaptability and agreeableness (p<0/02).

Results of the current study confirm the importance of conscientiousness, extraversion, and core self-evaluations’ roles on increasing career adaptability of the students who will graduate in the upcoming years. Furthermore, it seems that it is necessary to plan for the programs which enhance students’ core self-evaluation that increases their career adaptability. Also, in planning these programs, individual's big five personality traits should be considered.

Estimating the effective factors of Iranian goods adoption through induction processes is a much neglected area of research. The aim of this study, however, is to explore the effective factors on the Iranian goods adoption knowledge in social media. Mixing the meaning-making theory, social influence theory, information rich theory, fear attraction theory, and potential contribution method, a model for the Iranian goods adoption knowledge was constructed. This is a practical research which follows a descriptive-survey method. The research population is the customers of Pars-Khazar company in the social media, 127 of whom were selected through census sampling. The research sample answered to a 5-point likert scale. SPSS and PLS smart software were used for data analysis. This study tested the intervention variable of trust in the process of Iranian goods adoption knowledge. The findings showed that the knowledge richness had a significant positive effect on trust in general, and trust in Iranian goods adoption through knowledge quality, knowledge consensus, and knowledge richness in particular.

The aim of the current study was a comparison between the effect of career adaptability education to preschool children and attachment-based counseling to their parents on children’s’ career development in Isfahan city.

Statistical population including all of preschool children, aged 5 to 7 and parents of 5 to 7-year-old preschool children in Isfahan city. 30 preschool children, aged 5 to 7 selected voluntary and randomly divided to two experiment and control groups (10 children in each group). Data was gathered by using preschool children’s’ career development questionnaire. The parent group received the Attachment-based counseling and the children group received the Career adaptability education both in 8 sessions and The control group did not receive any education. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-18 and analysis of covariance.

The results showed that both career education to children and parents has significant effect on children’s’ career development (P<0.001), and It was no significant differences between the effect of two methods (P<0/05). Also the secondary finding from research suggest that two methods had significant effect on time perspective, internal curiosity, information and external curiosity (P<0/05).

Therefore, the research findings illustrated that career educations to children and parents can have beneficial result on childrenchr('39')s career development.

This study aimed to analyze the context to identify the processes and mechanisms of the nascent academic entrepreneurship path in knowledge-based companies in Isfahan, to provide a paradigm model of the nascent academic entrepreneurship path.

The qualitative research method is grounded theory and in-depth and unstructured interviews were conducted with 15 academic entrepreneur in 15 knowledge-based companies in a Purposive sampling and the snowball technique. Data were analyzed at three levels of open, axial, and selective coding.

Data analysis showed that the nascent academic entrepreneurship path includes 64 sub-categories, 16 categories, and 2 core categories. The subcategories include: Scientific Orientation, Opportunistic Perspective, Financial Productivity, Action Value, hardness, Flexibility, calling, affection Capability, Process Growth, Creating Support, Specialism, Excitement, Functional Capability, Inquisition, Creativity, and Foundationalism. The core categories include Indexism and Empowerment.

The nascent pathway to academic entrepreneurship starts from the family background and early work experiences in childhood. The role of causal factors causes concern in the individual, which the positive effects of intervention factors such as scientific orientation intensify the role of these causal factors. Eventually, people are attracted to the academic entrepreneurship pathway and work in it using appropriate strategies. What people experience at the end of the pathway is post-entrepreneurial growth in both personal and professional dimensis

Medication errors are one of the major causes of injury to patients while receiving medical care. This study aimed  to investigate the effective causes of medication errors in nurses in educational hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 340 nurses from 10 educational  hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were analyzed using SPSS23 software .

According to the results, human factors have been the most important factor in the occurrence of medication errors. The most important causes of medication errors with respect to human, managerial and environmental factors include fatigue due to overwork (3.13 ± 1.16), method of supervision (3.06 ± 0.98) ,and heavy workload (3.00 ± 1.19), respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between human factors and  age (p = 0.024), gender (p = 0.013), employment relationship (p = 0.016), and marital status (p = 0.027), and between management factors and employment relationship (p = 0.034) and the number of patients under observation (p = 0.011).

Considering the most important causes of medication errors, including fatigue due to overload, supervision methods, and heavy workload, using strategies to reduce fatigue due to workload, such as balancing nurses' work shifts and also holding workshops on supervision methods is recommended in order to improve the level of managerial competencies of nurses.

Due to the widespread prevalence of the disease of Covid 19 and the fact that the behavior and lifestyle of people has an important role in the transmission of this disease, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of high-risk behaviors in patients with this disease.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 706 patients whose PCR test results were positive. The required data were collected by completed checklists and medical files. Descriptive tests and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze collected data.

There were 706 people with Covid 19 disease in the study. The mean age of patients was 42.68 ±16 16.66 years and 388 people of them were male (55%). The most high-risk behaviors of the people were 423 people attending in public and crowded places (60%) and 226 people using public vehicles (32%). There was a significant relationship between the high-risk behaviors acts and demographic characteristics (P<0.05).

Given the relationship between high-risk behaviors and demographic variables, it is recommended that health education programs be developed with the aim of enhancing knowledge of infectious diseases and conforming to life habits based on specific groups. Periodic evaluations of the behaviors of different demographic groups can also lead to informed planning and smart decisions to prevent the spread of the disease in society.