فهرست مطالب احمد مقصودی

  The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon standard developed by the United Nations to replace the previously used hazardous material classification and labelling all over the world, including Iran. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perception of GHS, compared to old chemical hazard signs in an Iranian population. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 220 employees of the chemical industries in Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing 28 color images of (including20 GHS and 8 old chemical hazards signs). In this study, there was a significant difference between the mean perception of GHS (0.37±0.18) and old chemical hazards signs (0.73±0.22). The percentage of people who had the correct perception, were below the ISO 3864-2-acceptable limit (67%), for 17 out of 20 GHS signs (85%). All studied GHS signs had unacceptable perception according to ANSI 53503 acceptable limit (85%). GHS signs had lower acceptable perception compared to old signs of chemical hazards. Considering the increasing trend of globally harmonized system (GHS) in hazard communication and labeling of chemicals, it is required to train people in order to promote the understanding and acceptance of these signs

Many of changes in ground floor of buildings may result in elimination of braces.This phenomenan, which called “soft story”, decreases the stiffness of stories and leads to collapse of building under severe earthquakes. Study of last earthquakes such as Bam on December 26 ,2003 and chichi-Thaiwan on September 20 ,1999 shows that many peaple missed their life because of soft stories created due to elimination of structural infills by changing residential buildings to commercial or architectural reasons.In this research, the soft story studied in short steel buildings with four stories by removing X-braces at first and second stories using nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. After removing braces, the stiffness of soft story increased gradually by providing rigid connections and using moment resisting frame and the replacement of braces with equivalent moment frame (with different stiffnessess) studied. The seismic design parameters such as transient and inherent dissplacements, ductility and energy dissipation capacity calculated and compared in various diagrames. In addition, the sttiffness of X-braced and moment resisting frames calculated using classical relations of solid mechanics and discussed. According toobtained results, the replacement of X-braces by an equivalent moment frame in a building leads to excessive drifts and less energy dissipation capacity. In addition, the findings of this paper is coin with specification requirements to avoid soft stories in buildings by avoiding stories with stiffness of 70 percent relative to above story.

Quality of life is an important issue in health care and one of the major objectives to enhance health. Because of the special needs of the elderly, their quality of life can be threatened easily. Therefore, attention to quality of life seems necessary in old ages. This study aimed to compare the quality of life among elderly people living in homes and nursing homes.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on all elderly people in nursing homes selected through multi-stage sampling. The data were collected using Leipad Elderly Quality of Life Questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.
This study was conducted on 96 elderly individuals in Lar. The mean (SD) score of overall quality of life was 73.98 (18.16). Besides, quality of life was significantly higher among the elderly living in homes compared to those living in nursing homes (P The elderly who lived in nursing homes had a considerably lower quality of life compared to those living in homes. Therefore, these individuals’ quality of life has to be examined and necessary strategies have to be taken to improve it.

Curcumin and quercetinare two natural substances with low side effects and has antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic and strong anti-cancer and other health benefits. The aim of this study was the evaluation of these two compounds as anti-cancer agents and their toxicity on murine 4T1 breast cancer cells by MTT method.
In this experimental study, after cells culturing in 96-well plate 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 micromolar concentrations of curcumin and quercetin were added to the cells and after incubation during 24 and 48 hours, cell viability were evaluated by MTT method. one way-Anova was used to analysis data. p The result of this study showed that IC50 at 24 hours for curcumin was 14.8±4 micromolar and for quercetin 21.7±0.7 micromolar per ml and for 48 hours for curcumin was 21±0.3 micromolar and for quercetin 18.2±0.45 micromolar.
In this study we showed that cell survival were depended on curcumin and quercetin concentration and time of incubation. By increasing the concentration of solution, toxicity have increased and cell survival have decrease at 48 hours more than 24 hours.

Currently, due to declining fertility rate and increasing life expectancy, the proportion of elderly population in Iran is rapidly increasing. According to the special needs of the elderly and the importance of health promotion behaviors to the health, this study examines the relation between health promotion behaviors and quality of life of elderly people living in Ewaz.
Material and A cross-sectional study was conducted on 115 elderly people in Ewaz by multi-stage sampling. Data were collected by the short form of quality of life questionnaire (SF.12) and a checklist of health promoting behaviors. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 18. The significance level was considered at 0.05.
Our results show that the mean of quality of life was 34.23 and health promotion behaviors, including Low salt diet, eating fruits and vegetables and low fat diet were significantly associated with improved quality of life (p According to our results and significant association of health promotion behaviors with quality of life, it is necessary that basic preparations to the review and promotion of a healthy diet in elderly people be provided.

Sleeping is one of the basic needs of human beings and sleep quality is affected by individuals’ general health. This study aimed to assess sleep quality and general health in the elderly population.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 elderly individuals in Lar (40 individuals living in nursing homes and 80 ones living in their houses). The individuals living in their houses were selected through multi-stage sampling. Sleep quality and general health were evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (PSQI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), respectively. The data were collected using face-to-face interviews. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 20 and were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
The score of sleep quality was significantly higher in the elderly individuals living in their houses compared to those living in nursing homes (P=0.012). Besides, 61.7% of the participants showed undesirable general health. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between sleep quality and general health (r=0.382, P Based on the results, the elderly individuals had undesirable sleep quality and general health. Considering the lower sleep quality and general health in the elderly individuals living in nursing homes, they have to be provided with more attention and support. Measures, such as psychological counseling and health education, are necessary in order to promote this group’s general health and sleep quality.

Aging is one of the critical stages of life and in the near future, a large percentage of Iran's population will be elderly. This period of life is often associated with increased risk of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases and their impact on quality of life.
Material and A cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 elderly people in Ewaz by multi-stage sampling in 2014. The history of chronic diseases interviews were collected through a check list and face to face interview. Quality of life assessment was carry out using SF-36 questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using independent sample t-test and chi-square test in SPSS software version 18.
The results showed that 167 (82.26 %) of the elderly have at least one chronic disease and quality of life for people with chronic diseases in all domains was significantly lower than in healthy individuals (p Our findings suggest a high prevalence of chronic diseases in elderly people and its negative impact on their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to focus more on elderly people and provide strategies to improve their quality of life.

Considering that physical and mental health decrease quality and quantity of academic situation of students, attention to their General Health and emotional needs is important. Thus, this study examines the general health of students and some related factors.
In this cross-sectional study, students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences were examined by a multi-stage sampling method on June 2012. Data were collected by a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, potential factors related to General Health and the GHQ-28. We used descriptive- analytical statistics.
Among 363 students, 33.6 percent of them were suspected of mental or physical disorders. General health had a direct relationship with economic status and physical activity and also an indirect and significant relationship with family size (P Results showed that nearly a third of the students are suffering from some degree of mental and physical problems that are most important. According to known risk factors, such as lack of physical activity and poor economic situation and trying to influence them can possibly have a great role in improving the situation.