فهرست مطالب احمد نورالدینی

There has always been a gap between nursing education and clinical practice, and nursing scientists have used several philosophical schools to reduce this gap. This article aims at the role of practical philosophy in reducing the distance between nursing education and clinical nursing.

This is a scoping review based on the five steps proposed by Arksey & O'Malley (2005). According to the above, a review of studies by searching the databases of PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Google Scholar, Ovid, Magiran, and SID in the period from 2010 to 2022 with the keywords philosophy of pragmatism, nursing education, clinical Nursing, and nursing practice was performed. A total of 36 articles were obtained, of which 13 studies were reviewed and analyzed.

According to this study, nursing is described as a clinical or pragmatic profession, because pragmatism has transformed nursing into a pragmatic profession by influencing the application of knowledge in practice, effective care, and practical training. which enables nurses to use this school to help reduce the gap between nursing education and clinical nursing.

The results showed that pragmatism is a practical philosophy to support and integrate education with clinical nursing. The best action can help nurses improve the practical basis of using theory education and nursing theories.

Due to the nature of chronic disease, patients are in close contact with the treatment staff, especially nurses, and the need to establish correct therapeutic communication for them is more and more important, so the present study was performed aims to explain the barriers and facilitators of nurses' communication with chronic patients.

This research was of a qualitative type and in it 12 nurses working in inpatient wards affiliated to Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and 8 chronic patients hospitalized in the ward in 2011 were selected based on purpose-based sampling and the interviewees were interviewed using semi-structured in-depth interviews. All the interviews were recorded and then handwritten and analyzed using the method of constant comparison and qualitative content analysis.

Following data analysis, 3 main themes were extracted. The main themes include: organizational factors (three sub-themes: support of managers and planning, respect for nurses by superiors, holding educational workshops, environmental-cultural factors (two sub-themes: inappropriate working conditions, lack of trust of the patient and his companions in the nurse) and individual factors (two sub-themes: non-cooperation and interaction, long-term hospitalization).

The results of the research identified the most important influencing factors in the relationship between nurses and patients based on the experiences of nurses and patients through the identification of main and sub-themes. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out detailed managerial and organizational interventions and provide the necessary conditions to improve the process of therapeutic communication.

All over the world, all governments have set their sights on preserving and promoting the health of their citizens. Client care education is a basic need that nurses of all communities are in their position as the "backbone" and the main force of the main health services in different countries. This study was conducted with the aim of comparative comparison of undergraduate nursing education program in the United Arab Emirates and Iran.

An applied descriptive-comparative study based on the Brady model was conducted in 1399 to compare the structure of the UAE nursing education program with Iran. Internet search with the keywords "Nursing education, nursing bachelor, UAE and Iran curriculum, comparative studies and range method" was conducted in Persian and English databases until 2020.

Among the important differences between the two countries' education as advantages of the UAE, special attention to international languages ​​such as English and the inclusion of a valid English language degree as a criterion for acceptance in the field of nursing for all native and non-native students, In addition to the entrance exam, the interview is an equivalent course that is an incentive to improve knowledge for those who do not have the opportunity to attend regular courses. Also in the subjects, paying attention to the courses related to ethics, innovation and leadership, paying attention to the familiarity with different cultures in the UAE, teaching some basic science courses in a combined way for more understanding and durability and using the latest technologies in the world, including It is a virtual patient that causes students to have more contact with the clinical environment and patients from the first years. Among the problems of nursing in the UAE are the lack of scientific resources in Arabic, the lack of native nurses to implement culture-based nursing, the shortage of male nurses and the country's cultural restrictions on encouraging female students to study nursing. One of the advantages of Iran's curriculum is the complete, clear and detailed mention of all curriculum elements. Also, early presence of students in bed for internship units is usually a very important advantage from the second semester.

There are many similarities between education in both countries, which of course raises common challenges: What is the level of quality assurance due to the shortage of nurses due to the aging population that has led to an increase in the number of admissions to universities? Is the presence of a student in the final year in clinical centers in the interest of the hospital or the student?

Nursing profession and field, as a scientific field, needs a scientific basis of which nursing models were and still are. One of the prominent models in nursing is Orem's self-care model. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of applying the nursing process based on the Orem self-care model in patients with tibia fractures.

In this case study, the nursing process of a patient with tibia fracture admitted to Ba'ath Hospital in Hamedan city in 2019 was presented. In the stage of nursing research and recognition, data collection was done based on the "Orem self-care model survey form". Nursing diagnoses were compiled and care goals were determined and nursing measures were taken to achieve the goals. Data analysis was presented using a table.

The findings showed that cases of self-care deficiencies and patient self-care needs decreased after nursing measures based on the Orem self-care model. The findings led to 7 nursing diagnoses and 42 care goals.

Using Orem's self-care model as a framework for diagnosis, choosing the appropriate action and evaluating the results was very useful. It is suggested that nursing theories be applied in all departments and on different patients.

Anemia is one of the most important disorders in the world mostly affecting children and pregnant women.
Objective This study aims to assess the prevalence of maternal anemia and its related factors among pregnant women in Golestan Province of Iran.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 1000 pregnant women referred to a comprehensive health center affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran in 2020. Chi-square (x2) and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to find demographic/obstetric factors related to maternal anemia.

The prevalence of anemia was 18.4%; 19.27% ​​had severe anemia, 63.03% had moderate anemia and 17.7% were with mild anemia. The interpregnancy interval, parity, age of first pregnancy, age of marriage, pregnancy month, history of urinary tract infection, number of medical care, and education had a significant relationship with maternal anemia (P<0.05), but the place of residence and the place to get medical care had no significant relationship with the maternal anemia.

With increase in the pregnancy month, history of urinary tract infection, low age of marriage, low number of received medical care, and low educational level, the risk of maternal anemia increases. It is important to identify women at risk of anemia and ensure adequate and timely care for them.

Patients with stroke due to the complex and severe nature of the disease, need to implement a thorough and comprehensive nursing care program. The use of nursing models in the patient care process can provide a framework for nurse thinking in examining different patient conditions, better analyzing the situation and organizing thinking for the best decision for the patient. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of influencing the application of the nursing process based on Johnsonchr('39')s behavioral system model in patients with stroke.

In this report, the nursing process of a client with a stroke referred to the neurology clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan in 2021 was presented. Data were collected during the review phase based on the "Johnson Behavioral Model Review Form" by observation, interview, and physical examination. Nursing diagnoses were formulated as sustained and unstable behaviors and care goals were determined and discussed to increase the maintenance of sustained and decreasing behaviors or eliminate unstable behaviors. Nursing procedures were performed and evaluated to achieve the goals. Data analysis was presented using tables.

The results of the study showed that clients for unstable behaviors in the four sub-behavioral systems (dysfunction in the subsystems of aggression and protection, sexual and sexual). Unstable behaviors are reduced after the nursing procedures are designed.

The use of Johnsonchr('39')s behavioral model was very useful and helpful in modifying and correcting unstable behaviors. Therefore, it is suggested that this model be used as a framework for nursing care.

Considering the fact that nursing science is associated with a professional clinical practice and skill and that the clinical environment is full of stress, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of problem solving training and participatory training with conventional training on clinical skills, anxiety and satisfaction in nursing students of Gonbad Kavous Azad University.

The present research was a quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest control group design. The study population included all nursing students of Gonbad, Aliabad and Gorgan Azad universities ninety of whom were divided into 3 groups of 30 participants by random blocking

participatory training, problem solving training and conventional training. Data collection tools were: DOPS checklist, cognitive domain assessment questionnaire, Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory, and Visual analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire. Paired t-test was used to compare the mean scores of clinical skill before and after training, chi-square test was used to compare the level of obvious and hidden anxiety, and ANOVA test was used to analyze students' satisfaction scores.

There was a significant difference between the mean scores of clinical skills before and after the intervention in the participatory training (P> 0.001); this is also true for problem solving training (P > 0.001). In conventional training, the difference between the scores is not comparable with the two other training methods In the obvious and hidden domains of participatory and problem solving training in contrast conventional training were a significant difference between the mean score, before and after the intervention (P<0.05 ). In the satisfaction domain similarly in the participatory and problem solving training in contrast conventional training were a significant difference between the mean score, before and after the intervention (P < 0.001).

The results of this study indicated that participatory training and problem solving training can be considered appropriate methods because of promoting clinical skills, reducing anxiety and stress in the clinical environment, and improving the satisfaction of difficult working conditions. Therefore, it is suggested. In relation to this study, two methods of participatory and problem solving in contrast with current method was done, from all Novel educational methods are using and comparison the results also using in all Nursing groups.

Natural childbirth is a painful experience that can be treated with non-pharmacological methods to reduce the pain and stress. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of massage, hot compress and normal perineal care methods on perceived stress and the severity of labor pain in first-born mothers.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study. The research population consisted of first-born pregnant women in Gonbad-e Kavous. A total of 150 samples were included in the study, which were randomly assigned to one of three groups of massage therapy, hot perineal compression, and routine perineal care. Perceived stress and McGill pain questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods including independent t-test, chi-square and repeated meassure, using SPSS software version 16.

The mean stress scores were 23.78±3.4 in massage therapy group, 23.66±1.7 in hot compress group and 25.3±2.04 in normal care group. Statistically, there was a significant difference between the perceived stress scores of massage therapy (p=0.009) and hot compression groups (p=0.001) at different times, but in normal care group (p=0.162) this difference was not significant. In terms of pain intensity, the mean scores after 20 minutes intervention was 5.29 in massage group, 5.45 in hot compression group and 7.15 in normal care group (from a totall score of 10). Statistically, the mean scores of pain intensity before and after the intervention in the massage therapy (p=0.001) and warm compression (p=0.013) groups were significantly different.

Based on the results, hot compress method was more effective in reducing stress and massage therapy was more effective in relieving pain than other two methods. Therefore, these methods can be used as safe and secure ways to control the pain and stress of first-born mothers.

Emotional intelligence is collected of unawareness capacity of persons that enhanced the adaption ability of persons, with environmental requirement and external stressful elements. This study was done by goal of assessment the effect of Emotional Intelligence component education on nursing student happiness and academic achievement. 

present study was quasi-experimental and numerical society are the nursing student of Gonbad-Kavoos at the year of 2018 and samples selecting by convenience method. Sample volume was 30 persons, to per group of experimental and control groups 15 persons according to random allocation list were appropriation. Research tools contain oxford happiness questionnaire, Bradberry-Greves emotional intelligence teaching in experiment group at 6 weeks in 12 session that 50 min continue. To analyzing data independent T-test and one-way multi variable co-variance methods was used.

in the evaluation of EQ components in two group, social awareness at intervention group and self awareness at control group have acquired maximum of scores. Total score of EQ at intervention and control group were 11.9 ±4.29 , 9.7±7.41 . Thus intervention group comparison with control group in scores, have significant differences (p<0/05). In happiness variable, pre and post test scores in control and intervention groups were 32.84±4.2, 34.74±6.3 and 34.15±5.6, 50.47±8.5 that illustrative the eminent differences. Similarly in assessment of academic achievement variable in pre and post test between control and intervention group were significant (p<0/05).

Result of this research showed us that emotional intelligence component education at intervention group can one positive effect in happiness and academic achievement of nursing students. Thus suggested by leaning to emotional intelligence component education and reinforcement those, level of happiness and academic achievement enhanced in the all of medicine students.

Global statistics indicate an increase in the population of people with stroke worldwide. Cerebrovascular disorder is the third leading cause of death in the United States. this study was done by the goal of survey The effect of slow stroke back massage on the quality of life in the elderly patient with hemiplegia consequent cerebrovascular accident
Material & This is a single-blind randomized clinical trial performed in payambar azam hospital, tavan center of rehabilitation and elder care center of Gonbad-e-Kavos city in 1396. The sample size was 42 people, 21 of whom were in the experimental and control group, respectively. Sampling was performed in a 6-month period by available sampling method and the results were evaluated using a questionnaire of 8-dimensional quality of life measurements. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test and Chi-square test.
The mean scores after intervention in dimensions of physical & social function and general health were significant. In terms of physical function, in the experimental group, the mean and standard deviation of the score before and after the intervention were 40/24±22/90 and 69.45±18.79 (p We conclude that slow stroke back massage is an effective way to improve the symptoms and function of the affected area and can be a complementary therapeutic method in rehabilitation of patients with brain strokes, which indicates that this non-pharmacological and complementary intervention improved of the quality of life of elderly patients.

drug mistakes are classified in 5 medical mistakes by American medical institute and could be a base for serious injuries of patients. This study is done with the aim of detecting the effecting factors that leads to drug mistakes and its reporting condition.
Material and this study is a descriptive and sectional on 204 nurses of Gonbade Kavus hospital that had been done on 1395. Measurement of sample volume was by relatively methods and sampling has been done with simple accidentally method. Study tools are including demographic information questionnaire of drug mistakes causes and reasons of not reporting these nursing mistakes. Data analysis was done by descriptive statics and 2 way K test of comparing drug mistakes abundance and Pierson correlation coefficient and ANOVA to compare mean volume of drug mistakes.
in assessment of effecting factors causing drug mistakes, not knowing of drugs with 58 percent importance from the average, tiredness of hard work with 57.3 and a lack of motivation with 52.5 percent more than the average had the most importance. In relation with reporting condition, the fear of effecting of these mistakes on salary grades with 46 percent more than the average, fear from lack of cooperation of other colleagues with the nurse, with 43.6 percent and nursing managers focuses on the guilty person with 43.2 had the most importance.
with attention to this point that most of nurses believed that drug mistakes causes are lack of knowledge of drugs, tiredness caused by their work and lack of enough time, it is advised that nursing managers focus on effecting processes to reduce drug mistakes like right education of staffs, holding tutorial sessions in relation with right techniques of drug administrations and nurses encouragement by nursing managers to enhance motivation in them.

one of the important result of the health, is the quality of life and attention to that is the necessary. In attention to more panic of pregnancy period, present research done by goal of comparisson the QOL at different trimasters of pregnancy period
present study is descriptive analytical and was done at the year of 2016 in the Gonbad city. Samples was 306 person that selection by cluster randomized method. Study tool is the questionaire thet first part related to demographic data and second part related to QOL assessment SF-36 , and 8 dimension of QOL details. Analysis of data done by statistical method such as T-test and ANOVA, and all data checking by SPSS- 18 software.
By attention to getting Scores at the first trimasters mean of Whole QOL 54±29/5 and at the second and third trimasters sequence 68±36/3 and 60±41/7. Minimum scores that getting at the first trimaster functional limitation result from physical problem was 42/3±36/9 and maximum Score related to social function 69/6±39. At the second trimaster minimum and maximum scores related to esprite sense 50/6±8/7 and social function 82/2±21/8. At the third trimaster minimum and maximum score related to sprite sense 46/7±26/7 and social function 73/6±32/4.
In attention to this study results, maximum of QOL score related to twoist trimaster and after this related third trimaster then. Thus health assessors most focuses do to the sign & symptoms in all trimasres.

According to the increased prevalence of heart disease in the elderly and the importance of this disease on all aspects of people's lives, the study aimed to determine the quality of life, life satisfaction and general health of the elderly with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Material & This descriptive-analytical cross sectional study conducted in Gonbad-e Qabus (North Eastern, Iran) in 2015. Research sample was 300 elderly people who were selected randomly. The data collected using Goldberg & Williams General Health, Dinner Life Satisfaction, and Quality of Life questionnaires. Data was analyzed by Descriptive and analytical statistics; t test, Pearson coefficient and ANOVA (P In terms of general health, 42% of participants were healthy and 58% of them had impaired general health. In terms of life satisfaction, 39% of them had enough satisfaction, and 61% were dissatisfied with their life. 36% of elderly had strong and good quality of life and 64% had poor quality of life.
More than half of elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases, had no good quality of life, life satisfaction, and general health. As age increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases increases, then more supportive intervention and elderly empowerment with aim of improve quality of life, general health and life satisfaction life is necessary.

Direct observation of medical learner working on real patients is of paramount importance to assess practical competency. Direct observation clinical skills (DOPS) needs to be performed by direct observation of the learner and simultaneous evaluation by a questionnaire. This study aimed to assess the effect of clinical skills evaluation applied by DOPS on the clinical performance nursing students. This quasi experimental study was conducted on 35 nursing students allocated randomly to case and control groups, 2013. The data was collected by a research-made questionnaire and analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney, Spearman Coefficient (r = 0.05) and Kappa Coefficient (K= 0.6), using SPSS software. The participants of case group were evaluated three times by DOPS and the ones in control were assessed once by routine method. The DOPS average point of case group stage 2 and 3 was significantly higher than that of controls (0.0001). But in control group, no change in mean point and no promotion in clinical performance were observed. The accurate implementation of DOPS can be a useful approach to connect knowledge to development of professional and skillful behavior. Thus, recommend that faculty members of nursing schools to focus on this way of evaluation and other modern approaches to develop continuing education.