فهرست مطالب احمد پاپی

To improve the capabilities of general practitioners (GPs), who constitute an essential segment of the healthcare system in Iran, it is necessary to identify their information needs about Persian medicine. This survey-based study aimed primarily to determine the information needs of GPs in Isfahan city about Persian medicine, and secondarily to evaluate the assocaition between their workshop attendance and information needs.

This applied study employed a descriptive survey research method. The research population consisted of all GPs in Isfahan city, out of which a sample of 204 participants was selected using stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, containing seven different domains related to Persian medicine. The questionnaire was distributed among the participants after its validity, content, and reliability were confirmed. All descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.

A total of 177 GPs completed the questionnaire. The mean information need score was found to be highest for the domain of nutritional substances (72.2) and lowest for the domain of treatment measures (61.7). There was no significant relationship between the participants’ information needs and their age, work experience, gender, and employment status. However, variables such as previous participation in Persian medicine workshops and the desire to participate in future workshops exhibited a significant relationship with information needs.

Responsible officials at the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (such as the deputies for public health and curative affairs) and traditional medicine specialized groups should periodically hold training workshops to meet GPs’ information needs. It is also necessary to repeat retraining courses for GPs at regular intervals.

Information therapy is a simple solution to facilitate patients' access to health information, which can contribute to patient self-care. Considering the importance  of treatment and health information, and  engagement of people with different specialties in the process of information therapy, this research was conducted    to identify the opportunities and challenges of establishing an information therapy center.

The present study was an applied-qualitative research. The study  population included patients,  medical librarians, physicians, health care providers, and psychologists with experience in information therapy and health information prescription. A purposive sampling  along with  snowball sampling were perfomed. The data were collected via  a semi-structured interview.  The data were then analyzed by using MAQDA20 software.

By analysing the interviews, we were able to identify  a main class entitled "Benefits of Information Therapy" including 4 subclasses of “patients and families”, “medical staff”, “health system”, and “medical librarians” under the main themes of "Opportunities". Under the and"Challenges", four subclasses of “barriers to information therapy”, “financial issues”, “implementation”, and “execution” were also identified.

Despite the benefits of establishing an information therapy center for patients and their families, treatment staff, psychologists and medical librarians, there are some obstacles posed by these groups and the healthcare system, which require further consideration. Careful investigation and finding solutions to  remove the obstacles as well as  creating  an approprite platform to  adopt the center in the society and health sector. In order to establish this center, it is necessary to consider inter-group and inter-organizational cooperation with  detailed planning, as well.

 Clinical specialists need to develop necessary information skills to meet their research requirements. The current study focused on the effect of educational interventions by clinical informationists on medical students’ information behavior.

 This was a semi-experimental study in which a two group  pretest–posttest design was used. The population consisted of 60 medical students (30 in the experimental and 30 in the control group at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences) who were selected through the convenience time based sequential sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire including 19 items based on a 5-point Likert scale (very little to very high) was used to collect data which were then analyzed by SPSS using the descriptive and inferential statistics.

 The trainings offered by the clinical informationists motivated the experimental group to focus on seeking information about clinical issues. Following the intervention, the experimental group achieved significantly higher need to search for information, during and after clinical rounds, than the control group. Moreover, the use of electronic information resources and clinical databases in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group.

Considering the importance of electronic information resources, universities of medical sciences are required to teach the use of databases, specifically as part of the medical students' curriculums and medical education programs.

Determination of learners' education satisfaction is one of the most significant criteria for assessing the performance of health educational systems. The study was conducted to evaluate the medical students' satisfaction from clinical informationist educational program.

To conduct this study a quasi-experimental posttest design was embraced. The sample was included 30 medical students that were selected by the Convenience time based sequential sampling method. Educational intervention of clinical informationist was done for 10 days. The Clinical Informationist along with the medical student participated in the clinical round, noted the clinical questions and teaching how to search for questions. After clinical round, the Clinical Informationist held a workshop about databases every day. Data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by the descriptive statistics and using Excel 2016 software.

The average score of medical students' satisfaction was 4.34(±0/551) for content of program, 4.32(±0/659) for educator, 3.85(±0/470) for educational methods and 3.64(±0/872) for educational facilities. The interest of medical students was 50% very high, 40% high and 10% moderate in tendency for implementing and continuing of the educational program.

The overall medical students' satisfaction has been increased in terms of content, educator, method and facilities in the clinical informationist educational program.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Altometrics Indicators of Iranian medical sciences universities in the two social networks of the ResearchGate and Academia.edu. and to investigate their relationship with the scientometrics indicator in Scopos database, such as number of publications, citation rates and h-Index.
The present study was carried out using scientometric method. The research data were collected using Excel 2013 software and analyzed by SPSS version 23 using Spearman, Chi-square and condom analysis.
Findings: According to the findings, the University's ranking based on the h-Index has a significant relationship with their presence and number of members in the social network of the ResearchGate and Academia.edu. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the Altometrics Indicators of medical sciences universities in the ResearchGate and Academia social networks with the citation rate and h-Index (P The results of this study, the starting point for action plans to increase the presence of faculty members of universities in social networking as an activity in the dissemination of knowledge.

This study carried out to assess co-authorship network of 1298 articles published in Journal of Isfahan Medical School (JIMS) during 2010-2014 using co-authorship network analysis.
The study was done by scientometrics approach and using co-authorship network analysis that assessed macro and micro indicators of the network components of 1298 articles. Ravar Matrix, UCINET and VOSviewer software were used to draw and analyze the co-authorship network.
Findings: Assessment of the author's performance proved that Nilforoushzadeh (41), Akbari (37), Farajzadegn, and Haghjooye Javanmard (24) allocated the first ranking in the productivity index, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of co-authorship network demonstrated that in betweenness centrality index, Akbari (66271.648), Salehi (31756.54) and Rouzbahani (22056.004) had a good position in the network. According to the closeness centrality, Akbari (2.109), Salehi (2.102) and Ataei (2.096) possessed the shortest distance with other nodes.
Scientific collaboration network of the medical domain in JIMS has the features of a small world network and is in conformity with the theory of 6° separation. Additionally, the study provide a good chance for the young investigators to identify the most active and creative researchers in scientific productivity to benefit from their knowledge and experiences through the scientific collaborations.

Today, scientific collaboration has a rising trend in scientific journals. Therefore, the aim of ýthe current study was to analyze the co-authorship network among authors of the Journal of ýHealth Information Management (JHIM).ý
The present applied and descriptive study was conducted through social networks analysis ýapproach. In the present study, 568 articles published in the JHIM from 2006 to 2014 were ýstudied. The data were analyzed using UciNet software and SPSS software.
The findings revealed that a large amount of the articles were the results of the collaboration ýof three main authors. In addition, 25% ýof the authors were the most influential individuals in ýproducing journal papers. These authors mostly collaborated with authors of ýlower rank. The ýauthors were divided into 3 categories of outstanding, active, and non-active.ý
It can be concluded that co-authorship has had a rising trend in the JHIM. As the results ýrevealed, the number of articles with ýmultiple authors has increased. It seems that the ýincreasing of outstanding authors should be one of the policies of this journal.ý

Bibliotherapy is a process or activity that uses dynamic interaction along with reading a book in order to help people to solve problems or increase their cognitive understanding. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the effect of bibliotherapy on the psychological capital of the employees of the department of management and medical informatics of Isfahan University of medical science.

This is an applied study using a semi-empirical method. The statistical population consists of all non-faculty employees of the department of management and medical informatics of Isfahan University of Medical Science which was a total of 70 people. 28 members of the population were randomly selected and placed in two experiment and control groups and answered the psychological capital questionnaire. The Data gathering tool was the Psychological capital questionnaire of Lutherans. The experiment group underwent 6 two hour sections of bibliotherapy where the control group underwent no interference. In order to investigate the effect of Bibliotherapy, both groups answered the questionnaire again one month after the final bibliotherapy section. The gathered information was analyzed using descriptive (average and frequency distribution) and analytical (independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi square and Mann–Whitney U test) with the help of SPSS20 software.

The findings showed that there was no meaningful distinction between the average scores of physiological capital of both groups before interference by comparing factors of Self-Esteem, hopefulness, Resiliency and optimism. However the average physiological capital score and average score of each factor in the experiment group was meaningfully higher than that of control group after the bibliotherapy sections.

With the increase of literacy and the culture of reading in the information age, bibliotherapy is a suitable and harmless treatment method that can be used to help with daily challenges, worries and stresses of the busy everyday life. Due to trainable nature of psychological capital one can use bibliotherapy to increase the psychological capital of the employees of different organizations which will in turn provide both the employees themselves and the organization with material and spiritual gains.

Considering to needs of physicians to updated information for researching in medical science, therefore the existence of libraries with resources in different format is an essential point. On the other side, the medical community's understanding of these resources to achieve their main goal is undeniable, because the ultimate result of easy and urgent access to information is a warranty of public society health. This research aimed to determine physician's awareness and usage of electronic resources in educational hospitals. The research method was descriptive - survey and the tools of data gathering was research made questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the study tools was confirmed by librarianship experts with 95 Percent. Statistical society was including all specialist and specialty physicians of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of medical science include 350 people and a mass of sampling with 180 members. The sampling way was random clustering. The type of statistical method was descriptive and appliqued software was 13th version of SPSS. In investigation the rate of physicians needs for information in different cases, the most needs was 91.3 Percent for researching in their activity fields and to do daily schedule with 60.6 Percent is declared as minimum requirements. Physicians removal their information needs, used information resources and electronic resources in 65.4 Percent of cases as maximum option, and they have mentioned helping and conducting of foreigner specialists as minimum with 15.5 Percent. About the awareness of physicians from types of electronic information sources, the most knowledge was about Medline with 86.5 Percent and the lowest frequency was for Blackwell with 16.3 Percent. In determining the awareness of physicians of electronic information resources, most awareness was belonging E-journal with 43.3 Percent and the lowest amount was for Offline information resources with 13.8 Percent. Also in determining the use of electronic information resources with physicians, E-journal with 36 Percent as maximum and Offline Data Bank with 12.2 Percent as less option are used. The most important factor between effective factors for usage of physician from the electronic information resources, 61.5 Percent was related to lack of time and busy working, and the lowest factor which is non beneficial resource content has only been one mentioned. The results represented that information needs of physicians is respectively by following reasons: conducting research, preparing articles, gathering new and updated information, management of patient care, teaching, and finally for every day routines. Because of the importance of electronic information resources for physicians, it needs to introduce all aspects of this information resources and retrieval methods from related gateways to information societies of university.

Health literacy is a necessary skill for every member of society and helps normal citizens to obtain the knowledge needed to maintain their health. Health literacy is a set of skills in reading, listening, analysis, decision making and the ability to apply these skills to health situations. The purpose of this study was to assess health literacy level in Inpatients of educational Hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. the statistical population was the inpatients of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences among which 384 patients were selected as sample based on the assumption of a statistical population with unlimited size. Health literacy was measured by the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA). Reliability of Questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha which was calculated to be 0.89 and its validity was confirmed by related experts. The data was collected in clinical inquiry and was analyzed using SPSS 20 software using Descriptive (Frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Independent T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test and Spearman correlation test). The average of Health literacy scores in Inpatients was 31.35 in Numeracy test and 31.94 in Reading Comprehension test. The mean total score of health literacy of the patients was 63.29. Thus, the Most of these Inpatients were found to have inadequate health literacy. There were no significant relations between health literacy with gender and monthly income of the patients. On the other hand, health literacy was inversely proportional to the patient's age. Also the mean of health literacy score and its related domains was meaningfully lower in married patients compared to single ones. There was also a direct relation between educational level and health literacy and a meaningful relation was observed between health literacy and the patient's occupation in a way that retired patients and laborers had the lowest health literacy. Also there was no meaningful relation between health literacy of the patients and their place of residence. The results showed that the health literacy was adequate in only 130 patients and most of the patients had poor or marginal health literacy. These patients require more help and time from the medical staff in order to understand the doctor's instructions and other health information. Therefore doctors and nurses must spend more time communicating with them in a simpler and easier to understand language.

Plagiarism damages the scientific products. Its effects on sciences producer، such as manufacturers، scientists، authors and the others is that they will not desire to write anymore. Furthermore، research result is so important in medical sciences، because they are dealing with human life. Therefore، this study aimed to identify the methods and types of crime in plagiarism. This was a qualitative study by in-depth Interview method. Statistical populations included experts of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection method was through purposive sampling and depended upon data saturation. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis method. Data analysis led to extraction of 40 subjects and 6 main subjects such as repetitive research، non-principals adoption، non-principal compliance، forged، and jobbery. Results showed that there were various methods of plagiarism. Therefore، universities must organize institute to education researcher and information authorities in order to decrease plagiarism and update relevant laws and rules.

Since Library and Information Science is one of the jobs that are constantly in touch with users with varying information needs and different characteristics، it must have strong communication and have the ability to establish communication skills with users. As much، this relationship is appropriately established and effectively expanded، equally the librarian and the library will be more successful in achieving their goals. The purpose of this study is to determine components of communication skills and their relationship with demographic characteristics in librarians of Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. This study is descriptive survey and data collection tool، is standardized questionnaires of Queendom communication skills. Statistical population includes 117 librarians of the academic library in Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The sample consists of 117 librarians، and method of sampling is the census. Validity and reliability of questionnaires was confirmed by face and content validity and coefficient of Cronbachs Alpha (r=0/86). Methods of data collection، was personal. Data analyzed by SPSS16 software and two levels of descriptive (Mean and SD) and inferential statistics (T-test، Manova test and LSD). The findings showed that mean of communication skills and components in librarians of Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were more than average. The firmly and vision components in male librarians of Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences was further than women. Setting emotions in the age group 38 to 47 years was more than the librarians in the age group 18 to 37 years. Emotion setting in librarian with diploma degree was less than that of the librarians، with BA degree. Survey of components of communication skills showed that the mean of components were more than average and there is significant relationship between the firmly and vision components with gender and there is also significant relationship between emotion setting with age and degree.

Fungi are biological threatening which exist in all the environments. Libraries and archive centers are a suitable environment for the growth of fungi. The aim of this study was to identify fungal life-threatening factors for librarians and users in libraries of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2011. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. The study population included libraries of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2011. 126 samples were chosen in seven libraries at three different day times (morning, noon and evening), from the atmosphere, books and surfaces (desks, computers, book shelves etc.). Culture media (Sc) containing samples were placed at 25-30° C. After the growth of fungi, they were identified by macroscopic and microscopic criteria. A total of 2140 colonies belonging to 26 fungal genera were isolated from the seven libraries. The highest amounts of colonies (555) were isolated from the library of School of Dentistry and the lowest amounts (70) were isolated from the library of School of Management and Information Sciences. Cladosporium, Penicillium, Yeasts, Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus had the highest prevalence and Aureobasidium Rhizopus, Scopulariopsis, Botrytis, Neurospora and Curvularia had the lowest prevalence. There was no significant correlation between the sampling times and fungal contamination. Cladosporium Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Aspergillus Niger, which had the highest prevalence rate, are the opportunistic pathogens that may cause infection for those prone to them.

Commitment to abstracting standards has a very significant role in information retrieval. The present research aimed to evaluate the rate of commitment to ISO 214 standards among the Persian abstracts of approved research projects at School of Health Management and Medical Informatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

This descriptive study used a researcher-made checklist to collect data which was then analyzed through content analysis. The studied population consisted of 227 approved research projects in the School of Health Management and Medical Informatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 2001-10. The validity of the checklist was measured by face and content validity. Data was collected through direct observations. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics (frequency distribution and percent) and inferential statistics (chi-square test) were performed in SPSS16.

The highest and lowest commitment rates to ISO 214 standard were in using third person pronouns (100%) and using active verbs (34.4%), respectively. In addition, the highest commitment rates to ISO 214 standard (100%) related to mentioning third person pronouns, starting the abstract with a sentence to explain the subject of the research, abstract placement, and including keyword in 2009. On the other hand, during 2001-3, the lowest commitment rate was observed in reporting research findings (16.7%). Moreover, various educational groups differed significantly only in commitment to study goals, providing research findings, and abstaining from using abbreviations, signs, and acronyms. Furthermore, the educational level of the corresponding author was significantly related with extracting the keywords from the text. Other factors of ISO 214 standard did not have significant relations with the educational level of the corresponding author.

In general, a desirable rate of commitment to ISO 214 standard was observed among the Persian abstracts of approved research projects at the School of Health Management and Medical Informatics of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. However, commitment rates differed between years. In addition, commitment to ISO 214 standard was not significantly related with educational group and degree.

People working in social services who are in contact with people on regular basis, spend a lot of time and energy on providing services for others. Compared to others, it’s easier for these people to suffer from job burnout, and for the quality of their services to drop as a result. Since a librarian’s job is to provide social services, the current study aims to review job burnout and its relationship with demographic variables among academic librarians. The data gathering tool is Maslach’s Job Burnout Questionnaire which measures the job burnout through its three subscales each of which measures emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and individual performance. The reliability of the Persian version of this questionnaire had been measured earlier using Cronbach's alpha, reported to be 0.86%. All in all, the studied librarians demonstrated low levels of Burnout. However, the results of the study showed that no significant relationships existed between job burnout and demographic variables of education, work experience, marital status, and age while, there appeared to be a significant relationship between job burnout and the other three variables of university in which the person works, gender and type of employment. Due to low levels of Burnout in librarians under study, one would cautiously conclude that although the nature of a librarian’s job is service based, the people working in this line of work show lower job burnout compared to the employees of other service based jobs. Also, it seems job burnout in academic librarians is affected by other variables relevant to cultural, social and psychological factors.

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The reference section is one of the most important parts in every library. Moreover, reference services represent all the attempts performed in a library. Since libraries primarily aim to satisfy user's information needs, knowing that the effects of information technologies (IT) on their services seems essential. Therefore, this study manly tried to assess the effects of IT on reference services provided by university libraries.•

This survey covered all librarians of central libraries associated with Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (n = 66) in 2008. A researcher-developed questionnaire containing 60 questions whose validity was confirmed by library and information sciences experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by internal consistency (Cranach's alpha = 0.96). This study evaluated different technologies including online public access catalogs (OPACs), databases, email, and web. It also included reference services such as individual instruction, group instruction, reader's advisory services, bibliotherapy, term-paper counseling, selective dissemination of information, ready-reference question, bibliographic verification, interlibrary loan, referral services, and research questions.•

Based on the findings of this study, reference librarians of university libraries did not believe OPAC, databases, email, and web to fully satisfy user's needs. This research also showed significant differences between the effects of OPAC and databases, OPAC and web, databases and web, and email and web. However, there were not significant differences between the effects of OPAC and email or databases and email. In addition, among the studied technologies, the effect of web on reference services was highest and the effect of OPAC was the lowest.•

Due to insufficient computer-related knowledge, librarians still see reference services as necessary.

Today with development of university, that have the responsibility for scientific and ethical training of educated generation, plagiarism is not limited to special people and its ignorance especially in academic area will bring terrible consequence. Thus, it is necessary to discover reasons of plagiarism for preventing its growing development. This study aimed to explore experiences of faculty members in Isfahan University of medical science about the reasons of plagiarism.

This is qualitative study using in-deep interview. Participants were faculty members experienced at Isfahan University of Medical Science in 2011-2012. Purposive sampling was used. Sampling was continued until achieving data saturation.

based on emerged finding reasons of plagiarism in academic community were categorized in the five groups: cultural, economic, upbringing, social and educational reasons.

Final findings were classified in internal and external categories. Internal factors are related to personal talents, self-perceptions and understanding that is achieving through family and social channels. External factors are environment force, which are effective on person's action. Person is influenced by environment consciously or unconsciously.

In recent decades, abilities related to emotional intelligence attracted the attention of many organizations and researchers. Emotional intelligence provides a favorable environment for effective communication. It is a means by which users can express their needs and expectations to receive support from librarians. This study determined the relationship between emotional intelligence and communication skills of librarians in Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2011. In this descriptive-correlational study, data was collected by standardized questionnaires of Queendom Communication Skills and Shrink Emotional Intelligence. Statistical community included 117 librarians of academic libraries in Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Subjects were selected by census sampling. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed by face and content validity and coefficient of Cronbach's alpha (r = 0.86, r = 0.92). Data was collected by interviews. Data was analyzed by SPSS16 and two levels of descriptive (mean ± SD) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test). Our results showed that mean of emotional intelligence and its components in librarians of Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were less than average. However, self motivation component of emotional intelligence in Isfahan University was more than average. All aspects of communication skills among librarians of Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were higher than average. There was a significant and positive relationship between emotional intelligence and communication skills of librarians of Isfahan University (r = 0.525, P < 0.001) and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (r = 0.515, P < 0.001). This research showed a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and communication skills. Therefore, high level of emotional intelligence among librarians leads to favorable communication between librarian and users. Librarians with abilities necessary for emotional intelligence offer services which satisfy most users. It can be concluded that having a desired level of emotional intelligence is the necessary factor for librarians to have favorable communication with users. Emotional intelligence can be improved by specialized courses.

The purpose of this research is to survey the publications of Non-Government, Special Publishers in Library and Information Science (The Electronic Library, Chapar, Ketabdar, and Dabizesh Publishing companies) in 1380-1387 in order to study these publishers performance, identify book publishing rate, active authors, poor subject fields and the years they have the most number of publications. 222 books published by mentioned publishers are studied in this research. Findings show that Chapar Publications has the most publications and the Electronic Library Publication has the least ones. The publishers published the most authored books and in 1386 the least ones in 1380. The publishers published the most translated books and in 1384 the least ones in 1380. Also, the authored books are more than the translated books. Mohammad Hossein Dayyani at the Electronic Library Publication, Ali Reza Rostami Gomeh and Hassan Ashrafi Rizi (together) at Chapar Publications, Hamid Mohseni at Ketabdar Publications and Mohammad Reza Davarpanah and Saeed Ghafari at Dabizesh Publications are the most productive authors. In general, Mohammad Hossein Dayani is the most active author among these publishers. The most books are published in the subject field of "organization" and the least books in biography.