فهرست مطالب ازاده ابراهیم حبیبی

Fatty liver disease causes accumulation of excess fat in liver cells. Berberine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that increases the function of incretin hormones. In this study biological activities of Berberine and Sitagliptin for the treatment of fatty liver in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The therapeutic effects of Sitagliptin and Berberine on fatty liver in diabetic rats by Alloxan injection with a single dose of 100 mg/kg were done with the following groups. Groups include 1: control (physiology serum as Alloxan solvent); 2: model (fatty liver + Alloxan); 3: Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 10 mg/kg); 4: Berberine (fatty liver + Alloxan and Berberine 150mg/kg); 5: Berberine/Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and Berberine 75 mg/kg). After the treatment, the liver tissue separated and weighed. Levels of Liver triglyceride, cholesterol and GLUT4 gene expression in liver tissue measured by real-time PCR method. The level of GLUT4 gene expression levels increased in the treatment groups compared to the model group, but a significant difference was seen only in the co-administration group with the model group (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the amount of liver cholesterol in the treatment groups compared to the model group (p < 0.01). Hepatic triglyceride decreased in the treatment groups, but only in the co-administration group, a significant difference was seen with the model group (p < 0.05). Berberine and Sitagliptin, especially when prescribed together with the increased expression of GLUT4 and the reduction of liver cholesterol and triglycerides, have a favorable effect on lipid metabolism and can be considered as an effective treatment for hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.

Amyloid fibrils are string-like aggregates that form due to the disruption of natural structure and misfolding of various types of peptides and proteins. These amyloid aggregates are associated with some neurodegenerative and systemic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Trans-chalcone on insulin fibrillation (as a model protein). In this study, insulin was incubated for 24 hours in the presence and absence of Trans-chalcone under amyloid formation conditions. The formed fibrils were analyzed using various techniques including Congo red absorption spectral changes by spectroscopy, electron microscopy images by TEM, and fluorescent staining of amyloid aggregates by fluorescent microscopy. Then, possible interactions between Trans-chalcone and insulin were analyzed using molecular docking method by AutoDock software. The results showed a significant reduction in amyloid fibril formation in the additive-containing sample compared to the control sample. This study provides evidence that Trans-chalcone has an inhibitory effect on insulin fibrillation and could be a potential therapeutic agent for amyloid-related diseases.

Hepatic insulin resistance is associated with NAFLD and it is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance causes lipolysis in adipose tissue and disturbance in the regulation of lipid metabolism causes fat accumulation in the liver. In this study, the biological activities of Berberine and Sitagliptin to improve insulin resistance and lipid profile in Sprague-Dawley rats with type 2 diabetes was investigated. groups include 1: control (physiological serum as an alloxan solvent); 2: model (fatty liver + Alloxan); 3: Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 10 mg/kg); 4: Berberine (fatty liver + Alloxan and Berberine 150mg/kg); 5: Berberine/Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and Berberine 75 mg/kg). At the end of the treatment period, under anesthesia, Blood sampling done from the heart and lipid profile, glucose and insulin measured. The amount of triglyceride (p < 0.01), cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL (p < 0.01), FFA (p < 0.05), fasting glucose (p < 0.05) and insulin (p < 0.01) in the coadministration group decreased compared to the model group and HDL increased, which was not significant. Berberine and Sitagliptin, especially when administered together, have a favorable effect on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance and can be considered as an effective treatment regimen for hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder that relevant to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. In this study, a low-fructose diet combined with α-lipoic acid was used to evaluate its effect on insulin resistance and some parameters of NAFLD due to high fat diet in the Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were divided into five group (n=8). Lip group orally treated with the HFD plus lipoic acid (60g/kg) and Fru+Lip group orally treated with the HFD plus fructose (1g/kg) combined with lipoic acid (60g/kg) once per day via gavage for six weeks. After six weeks, serum lipid profile, glucose, Adiponectin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TNF-α and also lipid profile and MDA in liver was evaluate. PGC-1α gene expression was examined in adipose tissue by Real-time PCR method. Liver tissue staining with H&E was performed to evaluate hepatic steatosis. In HF group, serum glucose, insulin resistance, serum and liver lipid profile, TNF-α and hepatic MDA significantly increased compared to the NC group (P<0/05) and hepatic steatosis was observed. In Fru group, serum glucose, insulin resistance, serum and liver lipid profile, TNF-α and hepatic MDA significantly decreased compared to the HF group (P<0/05). In addition, in Fru+Lip group, these parametrs significantly decreased compared to the Fru group (P<0/05). The results of this study showed that a low-fructose diet combined with α-lipoic acid has higher improvement effect on some parametrs of NAFLD compared to the low-fructose diet alone.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy disorders in women and is one of the most important factors that lead to infertility. Thymol has many antimicrobial and antifungal effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of thymol in the treatment of rats suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This experimental study was conducted on female Wistar rats and the animals were divided into three groups: control, control (sham), and experimental. In order to induce PCOS, estradiol-valerate in the amount of 40 mg/4 ml was injected intramuscularly in 2 control and experimental groups for 25 days. Then, for 4 weeks, the control group and the experimental group were given grape seed oil, thymol in the amount of received 12 mg/kg in the amount of 1 cc through gavage. Finally, the animals were anesthetized by ether, the ovaries were removed for histological examination, and the blood serum was separated to examine the blood parameters. The findings of this study indicate that in the group The recipient of thymol increased the number of primary follicles (p < 0.01), developing and corpus luteum (p < 0.05), grafts (p < 0.001) and reduced cysts (p < 0.001) compared to the group. A control was observed. In the examination of blood parameters, it was found that in the group receiving thymol, there was a decrease in LH hormone (p < 0.01) and an increase in FSH hormone (p < 0.01). It was observed with the control group. The results of the research showed that probably the composition of thymol can be effective in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, although this case requires more studies.

Irisin is a myokine secreted mostly by muscles after exercise, and its secretion level changes in metabolic disorders. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of metformin on changes in the levels of plasma irisin, blood glucose and insulin resistance in male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving a high-fat emulsion diet. Twenty-four rats were divided into a normal control group (n = 8) and a high-fat diet group (n = 16). Then, high-fat diet group was divided into two subgroups, including high-fat diet control group (n = 8) and metformin group (n = 8). The normal control group received a standard diet. The high-fat diet control group received a high-fat emulsion diet containing corn oil by gavage on a daily basis for six weeks, and the metformin group received a high-fat emulsion diet with metformin (250 mg/kg/daily). At the end of the six-week period, factors such as glucose, insulin, irisin, Adiponectin, insulin resistance, liver enzymes, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), serum lipid profile, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in liver were measured and PGC-1α gene expression were examined in adipose tissue by Real-time PCR method. Liver histological tests with hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to evaluate fat accumulation in liver tissue. Blood glucose level, insulin resistance, adiponectin, serum irisin level and liver lipid profile in the group receiving high-fat diet compared to the normal control group increased significantly (P <0. 05). Treatment with metformin caused a significant decrease in the level of these parameters compared to the high-fat diet group (P <0. 05) and an increase in the expression of PGC-1α gene in adipose tissue was observed in this group. As insulin resistance increased in rats receiving the high-fat diet, serum irisin level also increased, and with improving blood glucose and insulin resistance by metformin, serum irisin level was decreased. These results suggested that the elevated irisin levels may be a compensatory response to insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Hence, irisin could be considered as a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in neuronal death and memory loss as it progresses. Following the progression of this disease, the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors occurs and it is now increasingly widespread, especially among the elderly. Studies show that Bornyl acetate, as a monoterpene, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the present study aims at assessing the effects of Bornyl acetate on AD male Wistar rats. Aβ1-42 was injected into the hippocampus of male rats bilaterally to create the Alzheimer's model. The therapeutic as well as the preventive effects of Bornyl acetate at a dosage (50, 20 mg/kg) were also investigated. Moreover, biochemical enzymes, SOD and MDA, shuttle box behavioral test, histological studies and hematoxylin & eosin and thioflavin-S staining were used to evaluate neurogenesis and amyloid plaques and the effects of short-term restraint stress on AD rats as well as the effects of the compound in vitro. Biochemical factors, histological images and behavioral test of the AD group were significantly different from the control groups and AD group showed a significant decline in learning and memory indices compared with the control group. Also, receiving a Bornyl acetate caused a significant increase in neurogenesis and a significant decrease in plaque density as well as significant changes in biochemical indices and behavioral tests. In addition, Bornyl acetate + restraint stress (R) group elevated learning speed and improved memory compared with the AD group. Notably, the above combination reduced amyloid fibrils in vitro. It seems that this compound can improve memory disorders and complications according to the results of the present study and previous reports suggest the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Bornyl acetate.

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases occurring after the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors. Geraniol, which is a natural monoterpene, contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Geraniol and exercise on memory and learning, SOD activity and MDA serum level, neurogenesis and amyloid plaque count in Alzheimer’s Wistar rats. To create the Alzheimer's disease model, Aβ 1-42 was injected bilaterally into the hippocampus of male rats. Grouping included control (-), control (+), exercise, Alzheimer, Alzheimer + exercise, Alzheimer + Geraniol, and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise. The results showed that SOD activity and MDA serum level were significantly increased in the Alzheimer + Geraniol, Alzheimer + exercise, and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to other groups (P<0.001). In addition, shuttle box behavioral test demonstrated that the entry time to the dark box was notably increased in Alzheimer + Geraniol and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to Alzheimer and Alzheimer + exercise groups (P<0.001). Moreover, neurogenesis was remarkably increased in Alzheimer + Geraniol and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to Alzheimer and Alzheimer + exercise groups (P<0.001). Besides, the number of amyloid plaques was decreased Alzheimer + Geraniol and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to other groups (P<0.001). Based on the results of this study, it seems that this compound along with exercise is notably capable of improving complications in memory, SOD activity, MDA serum level, and neurogenesis as well as amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases that occur following the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors. Terpinolene has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of terpinolene and physical activity on memory and learning in a model of Alzheimer's rats.

Bilateral injection of AB1-42 was administered to the hippocampus of the male rats to create the model of Alzheimer's disease. The assigned groups included control (-), sham, exercise, control (+), Alzheimer's+distilled water, Alzheimer's+exercise, Alzheimer's+terpinolene (treatment), Alzheimer's+terpinolene (prevention), and Alzheimer's+terpinolene+exercise. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, shuttle box behavioral test, as well as neurogenesis and amyloid plaques were assessed in this study. The data were statistically analyzed using oneway ANOVA.

The SOD activity and neurogenesis levels decreased significantly in the control (+) group, compared to control groups of the behavioral test. However, the MDA level and plaque increased significantly (P<0.05). Terpinolene intake and exercise caused a significant increase in neurogenesis, a significant decrease in plaques, and significant changes in biochemical and behavioral parameters (P<0.05).

Based on the results of this study and previous reports on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of terpinolene and exercise, it seems that this combination along with exercise can improve memory complications and disorders.

In the present study, we examined the possibility of astaxanthin usage in the MS model of mice, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE disease was induced using MOG35-55 peptide and complete Freund adjuvant (CFU) in female C57BL/6 mice. Mice were divided into control, patient group (MS model, EAE), and prevention group, the group received astaxanthin for 21days before immunization, and astaxanthin treatment was initiated when mice showed the first symptoms of EAE. Each group consisted of 8 mice. The consumption of Astraxanthin was continued for 35 days, and each mouse received astaxanthin about 0.4% of the weight of used pellet (about 400 mg). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT, IL1β, but IL6 levels (proinflammatory cytokines) were measured by ELISA. In addition, the spinal cord tissues were also taken for immunohistopathological evaluations. Based on the results, the use of astaxanthin produced appropriate clinical and pathological outcomes, lead to decrement of IL1β, and IL6 proinflammatory cytokines (P<0.0001) production. Immunohistopathologic studies also showed a decrease in leukocyte infiltration in the spinal cord of experimental groups. Overall, this drug approach can be considered as a useful strategy in the prevention and treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as a common cause of infertility is the endocrine disorder among reproductive-aged women. Nevertheless, the management and treatment of this major problem is not deterministic, and surrounded by many controversies. In this study the effects of betanin, as red pigment present in red beetroot, in the PCOS induced rats are evaluated. Sodium valerate was injected intraperitoneally into wistar female rats to induce PCOS for 25 days. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: a normal control group without sodium valerate, Sham (sodium valerate-induced PCOS) group received 0.5 ml distilled water , metformin group and two groups that received betanin at doses of 8 and 16 mg/kg/ day for 30 days after they were administered sodium valerate. The Glucose, lipid profile, gonadotropine hormones were determined using calorimetric assays in PCOS induced rats. Histological examinations were carried out on hematoxylin-eosin stained sections using light microscopy. When compared with sham, betanin caused low ovarian cysts with a high incidence of ovarian primary, antral, graafian follicles and corpus luteum. The plasma glucose, cholesterol, LDL and LH levels were found to be diminished significantly in rats with PCOS whereas plasma HDL and FSH levels were significantly increased. The betanin affected the cysts and follicles of the PCOS induced rats.

Cancer is an uncontrollable cells growth and breast cancer is a type of it. Its main treatment is chemotherapy with the risk of side effects. Today, the use of natural ingredients, such as chalcones, has been used to treat cancer. The aim of this study was to induce apoptosis with trans-chalcone drugs in breast cancer cells 4T1 and on BALB/c mice. Drug toxicity was measured by MTT assay at 24, 48 h, and at concentrations of 20, 30, 40 and 50 μM (uM). Hematoxylin-azine was evaluated after treatment of tumor mice. Then, significant results were analyzed by SPSS and ANOVA with significance level of P.

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of fat and inflammatory response in the artery intima and can cause narrowing or complete blockage of the artery. Thymol is a phenolic monoterpene with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of thymol on blood lipids, atherogenic indices and atheroma plaque of NMRI mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). 45 NMRI male mice were divided into 5 groups (n=9): Animals of the control group received a normal diet. Whiles in the HCD group received a diet containing 2% cholesterol for 18 weeks. Animals of the sham group received HCD for 12 weeks and then normal diet for 6 weeks with a thymol solvent (oil). The experimental groups 1 and 2 received HCD for 12 weeks and then received a normal diet with thymol at doses of 12 mg/kg and 24 mg/kg for 6 weeks, respectively. At the end of study, concentration of serum lipids and atherogenic indices were measured. Also aorta was measured microscopically. In the present study, consumption of HCD resulted in the formation of atheroma plaque, increased serum triglycerides, total cholesterol concentration, atherogenic indices and significantly decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Treatment with both doses of thymol significantly reduced these changes and improves blood lipids, atherogenic indices was normal and atheroma plaques. The results of this study suggest that thymol can be used for treatment of increased total cholesterol and triglycerides and to improve the atheroma plaque.

Cancer is an uncontrollable cell growth. One of kinds of it, is breast cancer whose main therapeutic approach is chemotherapy with side effects. Today, the use of natural ingredients, such as chalcones, has been used to treat cancer. The aim of this study was to induce apoptosis with nitrochalcone drugs in breast cancer cells of 4 t1 and on Balb / c mice. Drug toxicity was measured by MTT assay at 24 and 48 hours and at concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50 μM. Hematoxylin-azine was evaluated after treatment of tumor mice. Then, significant results were analyzed by SPSS and Anova with p

Aim and Many studies have found an association between inflammation and mental disorders such as anxiety and depression in different regions of the brain. Inflammatory factors cause increase in cytokines levels. On the other hand elevated levels of cytokine are associated with several neurological disorders, including anxiety, depression, Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Many studies have proven the role of GABA in mental disorders including anxiety, depression. The present study investigates the effects of GABA agonists and antagonists on the levels of inflammatory factors and cytokines levels in offsprings. In the present study, the pregnant female rats in their late pregnancy were treated for 3 days, from 16th to 18th day of gestation, with the antagonist or agonist GABAa receptor with 10, 50, 100, 500 and 700 μg / kg of Muscimol and 20, 70, 140, 500 and 800 μg / kg of Bicuculline. After the treatment, the cytokines levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were measured in offsprings. The measurement was carried out by ELIZA technique. Our results showed that the treatment on pregnant female rats in their late pregnancy (16th to 18th day of gestation for 3 days(with antagonist (bicuculline) or agonist (muscimol) of GABAa receptor which were 500 and 700 μg / kg for muscimol 140 and 500 μg / kg for bicuculline, had no effect on the levels of cytokines. In conclusion, these studies showed that the blockage of GABA receptor plays no role in the inflammatory factors and cytokines.

excessive use of artificial sweeteners along with increased body mass raises the risk of cardiovascular diseases, asthma, arthritis, type2 diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure and other diseases and leaves adverse metabolic effects. This study investigates the effect of fructose on obesity and its effects on biochemical parameters in adult male mice (NMRI).

Investigation was carried out in two stages. In the first stage of the treatment which lasted 8 weeks (n=6) the control group received water and rodent food, the obese group had a high-fat diet and the experimental group1received high-fat diet (1382 Kcal) along with 20% of fructose gavage.In the second stage of the treatment which lasted 12weeks, the control group 2, obese group 2 (received rodent food for the last four weeks) and experimental group 2 (received fructose with the same dosage for the last4 weeks) and the study continued for 12 week. The weights were measured every week and the amount of serum fructose and biochemical parameters were measured by sandwich Elisa method.

Obese and the experimental group1showed more weight gain as compared to the control 1 and statistically the results were significant (P≤0.001) but experimental 1 showed less weight as compared to the obese 1 but was not significant. Also the experimental group 2 showed higher weight gain as compared to control 2 which was statistically significant (P≤0.001). Fructose levels were higher in all the groups as compared to the control group. The same result was observed for glucose, total cholesterol, TG, LDL with the decrease of HDL.

The extra calorie intake is stored in the form of fat leading to weight gain and it is indicated that the receiving of 20% fructose does not play a strong role in gaining weight.

Alpha-amylase is the most important enzyme in the digestion of starch. Activators of this enzyme could be potentially used as digestive aids and its inhibitors block the absorption of starch compounds and result in the control of blood sugar levels. This study aimed at the investigation of aromatic compounds on bovine serum alpha-amylase. Effect of carvacrol, cumyl phenol, tryptamine, tryptophan, N-acetyl-L-tryptophan, Bis phenol A, 2-benzyloxy phenol, 2,6 diisopropyl phenol and 4-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-methyl phenol was investigated on bovine serum alpha-amylase with use of artificial substrate (laboratory kit). Most of tested aromatic compounds showed a similar pattern. All these compounds had 5-30% inhibitory effect on the tested serum with the exception of tryptamine which showed a 20% increase in the enzyme activity. The best inhibitory effect was obtained from cumyl phenol in the range of 30%. This study showed that aromatic compounds with one and two cycles have moderate inhibitory effect on bovine serum alpha-amylase and tryptamine showed a slight activator effect. With regard to these results, indolic and phenolic structures may be effective on alpha-amylase, and in the next step, investigation of these compounds derivatives is suggested.

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome = PCOS) is a relatively common disease in women of childbearing age. Bisphenol s are chemical groups that are composed of two functional hydroxyl group and most of them are based on methane. In this study, the effects of phenolic compounds, (bisphenol A and AP) in polycystic ovary syndrome were investigated. mature Wister rats were classified in six groups. Healthy controls (healthy rats that received Grape seed Oil as solvent), PCOS Group (disease induced by testosterone propionate) experimental groups 1.2.3.4, respectively. after induction of PCOS,they received bisphenol- A and AP in doses of25 mg / kg, 50mg/kg, by gavage. Blood samples were taken and the hormones LH, FSH was measured. Ovaries were also to be studied histologically. The results showed that the amount of LH to FSH ratio increases after induction with bisphenol-A and bisphenols AP,. Furthermore the number of follicles and growing follicles were reduced significantly, and these concequences causing negative effects on polycystic ovary syndrome.

The flexible structure of proteins is one important factor in the formation of ordered aggregates (amyloid fibril). This is a major problem for therapeutic proteins such as insulin. Study on the induction and inhibition of insulin fibrillation process with specific compounds such as aromatic derivatives may provide useful information about means of stabilization of protein structures. To induce fibrillation, regular insulin was incubated in phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) during 24 hours. Amyloid formation was investigated by using Congo red absorbance and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then nodular amyloidosis was observed in mice upon amyloid fibril injection, after which the excised nodule was studied by Congo red staining and polarized light microscopy. Then, some aromatic compounds effect was investigated on the fibrillation process. Regular insulin form mature amyloid fibrils at pH=7.4, 37°C after 24 hours. Silibinin had the highest inhibitory effect on that process. Furthermore, Amyloid fibril injection in mice caused nodular amyloidosis. Regular insulin has a high potential to undergo amyloid aggregation. Nodular amyloidosis confirms fibril formation by insulin under in vitro condition. Silibinin could be considered as a potential compound capable to increase protein structure stability.

The most common disease of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism، diabetes mellitus is due to defects in insulin secretion or failure in performance or both will develop. It is known that melatonin may be involved in sugar metabolism. Therefore in this study meet the compounds of indole ring (melatonin precursor) on non-diabetic and diabetic rats were studied. Diabetic and non diabetic rats were divided into 4groups. Control group: diabetic and non diabetic rats that received daily water and normal food. Sham group: diabetic and non diabetic rats that received daily water and normal food with 0. 5 ml grape seed oil. Exp1&2 groups: diabetic and non diabetic rats that received daily 4 mg/kg indole، 4mg/kg5-hydroxy indole 2- carboxylic acid in 0. 5ml oil respectively. Diabetizing with alloxan was performed using 150 mg/kg dose with single IP injection. In this study، blood sugar، average urine and water consumption، blood insulin levels were measured، and pancreas as well as histological studies were performed. After treatment for 30 days in the exp1D showed a blood sugar levels، water consumption and urine significantly at p <0. 001 decreased While insulin levels also increased in this group (p <0. 001). While the exp 2D have less effect on insulin levels، blood sugar and the water consumption and urine. Histology also showed that the indole in the exp1D repair pancreatic tissue. this study it was found indole may have beneficial effects in decrease blood sugar and increase insulin synthesis and repair of the pancreas.