فهرست مطالب اسرافیل عسگری

Environmental protection and preservation have become one of the most important issues of human societies today. Various studies have shown that among the various ways of addressing environmental problems, the most fundamental, effective, and cost-effective method to prevent environmental destruction is through the observance of environmental protection behaviors by humans. Therefore, to achieve this goal, we need environmental literacy education. This literacy should identify and respond sensitively to the complex and changing communications between humans and nature. Environmental literacy education increases people's awareness of the environment and the use of environmental information to improve it. To promote environmental literacy and protect the environment, the following three educational areas are proposed: 1. Environmental literacy in the cognitive domain: We enhance people's awareness and sensitivity to the environment and related problems. 2. Environmental literacy in the attitudinal domain: In this domain, obtaining a set of values and feelings of concern for the environment and motivating individuals to actively participate in improving and protecting the environment will be effective.3. Environmental literacy in the behavioral domain: In this domain, by considering environmental concerns in daily activities, environmental literacy education can promote the use of behaviors that reduce the adverse effects of the environment.

Accurate counseling is particularly important for improving the quality of life and development in society, especially in educational centers. The aim of this study was to investigate the students' viewpoints of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences regarding academic counseling.

In this descriptive- survey study in 2021, the opinions of 248 students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were examined through a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were collected by completing a questionnaire, including three sections of students' personal characteristics, students' opinions about the current and the desired status of academic counseling. All analyzes were performed based on t-test and ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS.

Of the 248 participants, 149 cases were female and 99 cases were male. A total of 153 students (61.7%) stated that they were satisfied with their advisor and the advice provided.The highest number of students was in the age group of 23- 18 years (73.8%). Comparison of the mean and standard deviation of students' opinions from the current and desired situation was significant for the variables of gender, age and level of education (P<0.05). The results of Post Hoc test for the age group in the current and desirable status showed that the age group of 23- 28 years old compared to the age group over 35 years old were statistically significant with P=0.007 and P=0.036, respectively. The average scores of the students' opinions in the current and desired situations were 2.76±0.97 and 3.80±0.63, respectively.

According to the results, the students were not very satisfied with the current state of academic counseling in the university, and on the other hand, they had a positive attitude regarding its favorable condition, which is related to the importance and constructive role of counseling and guidance. It seems that in order to improve the current situation of counseling, this issue should be considered as a specialized issue and while supporting the professors and at the same time training them, the communication between the university counseling unit and the counseling professors should be facilitated.

Metronidazole antibiotic is belong to the nitroimidazole family. Non degradability, high solubility in water, toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity are important concerns related to antibiotics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to apply the new advanced oxidation process of UV/zinc oxide/sulfite (UZS) to degrade metronidazole from aqueous solutions.

In this study, the effect of pH, sulfite to zinc oxide ratio, initial metronidazole concentration and contact time on the performance of the UV/sulfite/zinc oxide process in the degradation of metronidazole was studied. The residual concentration of metronidazole was measured by HPLC (Cecil model 4900 CE).

The results showed more than 90 % antibiotic is degraded at pH = 12 and the molar ratio of sulfite to zinc oxide 1 to 3 after 5 min of the reaction. Although the antibiotic degradation rate in the UZS process was very high, based on the GC-MASS analysis, the mineralization rate was not sufficient. The several metabolites were detected in the UZS process effluent and the degradation pathway was proposed based on the identified metabolites. It was observed the kinetic coefficient of robs (mg/L. min) to degrade the metronidazole by UZS was 6.92 time and 15 time of UV/zinc oxide and UV alone processes, respectively.

According to the results, the UV/zinc oxide/sulfite process, due to the higher robs value as well as the higher efficiency value ​​than those of the UV/zinc oxide and UV alone processes, can be considered as a suitable and economical option in the degradation of metronidazole antibiotic and the similar compounds.