اصلان غلامی

The development of photovoltaic solar systems as one of the solutions for electricity supply in the form of sustainable and modern development has attracted much attention in recent years. Nevertheless, since these systems are located in open environments, they are exposed to a set of external harsh conditions and stresses during their working period. Ultraviolet radiation, fluctuating temperature, and humidity cycles, rain, snow and hail, wind, dust and sand storms, or salt deposition can severely affect the efficiency of photovoltaic power plants and the lifespan of these systems. Accurate prediction knowledge of the types of possible failures for these systems can lead to better management of the systems and their higher productivity. Therefore, in the present study, a content analysis method was used to review previous research in this field to categorize and explain the types of failures reported for these systems as well as the reasons for such failures and the affected components. The studies conducted in this field showed that among the degradation mechanisms related to weather and environment, the degradation mechanisms of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and the stability relationships of this material in silicon-based solar panels have been investigated. The effects caused by the degradation of this polymer such as color change, layering, bubble formation, and corrosion, and their relationship with polymer structure, and chemical, mechanical, optical, and electrical properties have also been studied. The results of this research have been presented to researchers and decision-makers in the field of photovoltaic solar systems and the efficiency of the electricity industry.

Nowadays, due to the increasing demand for energy and the problems of Non-renewable energies, renewable energies are growing. In a country like Iran with a radiation potential higher than the global average, utilizing solar energy is a priority among other renewable energy sources. In areas affected by the dust phenomenon, one of the main challenges is the performance reduction of photovoltaic solar panels due to dust accumulation. By conducting a comprehensive review of related studies, the present study categorized the properties of dust and how they affect the performance of photovoltaic solar panels. Also, the dust origins in Iran and the frequency of dust phenomena in the country were studied. It was shown that the different physical properties and chemical composition lead to different effects on the performance of photovoltaic solar panels. Therefore, the effect of physical properties (color, temperature, dust accumulation rate, adhesion, concentration, moisture content, specific gravity, and plastic index) and chemical composition (size, charge, shape, material, and distribution of particles) of dust on the performance of photovoltaic solar panels were studied and classified. The present study can be used as a general reference for additional researches in this field according to the dominant dust type in the target region.

In this study, to evaluate the position of renewable electricity in Iran, the method of Laclau and Mouffe discourse analysis has been used. The results of this study are derived from the discourse analysis of 131 sample texts including news, interviews and reports containing quotations from officials or experts in the field of energy in Iran. The results of our analysis showed that among the three main competing discourses naming fossil electricity discourse, renewable electricity discourse and nuclear electricity discourse, there is an obvious conflict between the two discourses of "fossil electricity" and "renewable electricity". The discourse of fossil electricity, which has the mission of "supplying the country with energy", is considered "insider" and has become hegemonic as "suitable electricity for Iran". The nuclear energy discourse also has a special supportdue to its strategic importance. Thus, the two fossil and nuclear discourses have eliminated the renewable electricity discourse and turned it into the "other" of electricity generation in Iran.In order to strengthen the discourse of renewable energy in Iran, we need to try to improve the status of this energy through the expansion of dialogue, community participation and social consensus. For this purpose, criticism of discriminatory support policies for fossil power generation and its problems, including environmental pollution, should be given serious attention.

Most of the regions with high solar potential for the development of photovoltaic systems are arid and deserted regions such as the Middle East and North Africa. In such regions, dust activities affect the output of photovoltaic panels critically. With the goal to investigate dust activities in Iran and the parameters affecting dust accumulation on the surface of photovoltaic panels, the current article conducted a comprehensive review of the related documents. Studies carried out in this regard, showed that in the recent years, the frequency and severity of dust activities in Iran have been significantly increased. The reasons for such changes and the main origins of dust activities in Iran were described in detailed. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of dust particles collected from the surface of panels in different regions were determined. Moreover, by reviewing the literature, the parameters affecting dust accumulation on the photovoltaic panels were categorized and the impact of each of these parameters were described in detail. The results of the current study can serve as a thorough reference for researchers, designers, and engineers in regions struggling with dust events.

In recent years, the utilization of clean energies, especially solar energy, has increased dramatically due to their advantages over fossil fuels. This increase has led to a sharp rise in research and development activities in order to improve and optimize the energy harvesting possesses. The installation of photovoltaic power plants is the most common method for converting solar energy to electricity. However, the performance of the photovoltaic systems is extensively a function of environmental conditions such as solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind, humidity, and dust. In this regard, regions with high solar potential such as the Middle East and North Africa are favorable for the installation of photovoltaic plants. However, these regions are typically considered to be arid and deserted areas, in which the dust activities would significantly affect the performance of photovoltaic panels. In such a region, which is repeatedly faced with dust activities and aerosol dispersion, the accumulation of dust on the surface of panels is much more serious. Therefore, understanding the various dust particles removing methods from the surface of photovoltaic panels is crucial in such regions. The present study conducted a comprehensive review of the related literature in the field of photovoltaic panels cleaning methods. It was shown that these methods could be divided into four categories of natural, mechanical and electromechanical, electrostatic protection, and utilization of micro and nanoscale coatings. Furthermore, in order to provide a deeper insight into the optical and thermal modeling of photovoltaic panels and dust impacts, the related governing equations were provided. Moreover, the chemical and physical properties of accumulated dust on panels such as its size and morphology were described in detail. Investigating the related literature shows the urgent need for further research in this area, especially in the climate of Iran. The results of the current study can serve as a thorough reference for researchers, designers, and engineers who deal with photovoltaic systems in regions struggling with dust events such as the Middle East and North Africa.

In recent years, the utilization of clean renewable energies, especially solar energy, have increased dramatically due to their advantages over fossil fuels. Installation of photovoltaic systems is one of the most common methods of solar energy harvesting. The performance of these systems in converting solar energy to electricity is extensively a function of environmental conditions such as solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind, humidity, and other environmental parameters. Therefore, any changes in these parameters have a great influence on the design and performance evaluation of photovoltaic systems. Many regions with high solar potential for installation of photovoltaic panels are arid and deserted areas, in which the dust activities would significantly affect the performance of photovoltaic panels. This problem is much more serious in the climate of Iran, which is repeatedly faced with dust activities as well as aerosol dispersion. Therefore, the present study conducted a comprehensive review of the related literature in the field of the effect of dust on the performance and efficiency of solar panels. The results of the current study can serve as a thorough reference for researchers, designers, and engineers who deal with photovoltaic systems in regions struggling with dust events such as the Middle East, and in particular, Iran.